一、說教材《質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標(biāo)系》是人教版普通高中物理必修一第一章第一課的內(nèi)容。本節(jié)課主要介紹了質(zhì)點、參考系、坐標(biāo)系的基本概念。通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)為進一步學(xué)習(xí)后續(xù)課程起到了鋪墊的作用。根據(jù)上述教材的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容分析,又考慮到高一年級學(xué)生的認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)及其心理特征,我制定了以下三維教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識與技能:知道質(zhì)點的概念及條件;知道參考系的概念及作用;掌握坐標(biāo)系的簡單應(yīng)用。2、過程與方法:促進學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生積極參與、樂于探究、勇于實驗、勤于思考,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的科學(xué)探究能力。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:通過質(zhì)點 參考系和坐標(biāo)系的學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生了解生活與物理的關(guān)系,讓學(xué)生學(xué)會用科學(xué)的思維去看待事物。根據(jù)普通高中物理課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在吃透教材的基礎(chǔ)上,我確定了以下教學(xué)重點和難點:教學(xué)重點:質(zhì)點概念的建立。只有掌握了這一點才能更加準(zhǔn)確的理解和掌握后續(xù)教材的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
六、教學(xué)程序設(shè)計(“一三五”模式)為了完成這節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo),我是這樣安排的:第一環(huán)節(jié): (約10分鐘)根據(jù)對自主探究案的批閱情況,解決學(xué)生的遺留問題具體實施:投影學(xué)生的自主探究案,讓學(xué)生交流討論,教師點評。第二環(huán)節(jié): ( 約30分鐘)新課學(xué)習(xí):在“課堂互動案”的導(dǎo)學(xué)提綱引領(lǐng)下,完成這節(jié)課的三維教學(xué)目標(biāo)。具體實施:多媒體輔助教學(xué)、交流討論。第三環(huán)節(jié): (約5分鐘)課堂小結(jié)和布置作業(yè):為了體現(xiàn)課程改革的新理念——學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的主人,我改變傳統(tǒng)的教師總結(jié)為學(xué)生總結(jié)的模式,既強化了學(xué)生所學(xué)的知識,又培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的歸納和概括能力。作業(yè)分為兩部分:(1)書面作業(yè)p85,1、2、3、4。(2)完成“應(yīng)用提升案”。七、板書設(shè)計由于多媒體在物理教學(xué)中僅是一種輔助手段,不能完全取代黑板,因此一節(jié)課的主要內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的必要參與還需要借助黑板來幫助。我在這節(jié)課的板書設(shè)計中突出了主要內(nèi)容,簡潔明了。
一、 教材分析與學(xué)情分析教材分析人民教育出版社普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書必修2第七章第九節(jié)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容安排在學(xué)習(xí)機械能守恒定律之后的目的,是為了使學(xué)生在理論上對機械能守恒定律有所了解的基礎(chǔ)上,通過實驗測量及對實驗數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理,對機械能守恒定律及條件有深刻的認(rèn)識。學(xué)情分析知識層面:學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握了動能、重力勢能等概念以及動能定理、機械能守恒定律等定理、定律;知道功是能量轉(zhuǎn)換的量度以及機械能守恒的條件。能力層面:學(xué)生已具備一定的實驗操作技能,會用打點計時器以及直尺等實驗儀器。具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)處理能力。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)與重點、難點教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識與技能:1、會用打點計時器打下的紙帶計算物體運動的速度。2、掌握驗證機械能守恒定律的實驗原理。
學(xué)生回答的方法多樣,讓各小組根據(jù)自己討論出來的方法對自己實驗出來的紙帶進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,并求出加速度,并且將多條紙帶都進行處理,同時提醒學(xué)生對紙帶的選擇。接著,我會用多媒體展示重物下落實驗打出來的紙帶,用表格列出一段紙帶上各點的瞬時速度,準(zhǔn)確畫出v-t圖像,求出加速度,將結(jié)果給予學(xué)生的結(jié)果作對比,確定出正確結(jié)論。最后讓學(xué)生分析總結(jié):自由落體運動是初速度為零的勻加速直線運動,而且,多條紙帶算出來的加速度的數(shù)值都接近相等,即加速度在實驗誤差允許范圍內(nèi)是相等的。引出重力加速度,介紹概念、方向及大小。(強調(diào)“同一地點”,讓學(xué)生閱讀教材中一些地點的重力加速度,可以了解重力加速度的大小與緯度有關(guān),緯度越大加速度越大)。學(xué)習(xí)了重力加速度后讓學(xué)生根據(jù)之前學(xué)習(xí)的勻變速直線運動公式推導(dǎo)出自由落體的運動規(guī)律。設(shè)計意圖:讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的主體地位和自主觀能動性得到充分發(fā)揮,取長補短,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的實驗操作能力,又使學(xué)生對自由落體運動的性質(zhì)有深刻的印象,從而解決了本節(jié)課第二個難點。
2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)我對教材的理解、結(jié)合學(xué)生的實際情況、滲透新課程的教學(xué)理念,為提高全體學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng),按課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以促進全體學(xué)生發(fā)展為目的。從知識與技能、過程與方法,情感態(tài)度與價值觀三個方向培養(yǎng)學(xué)生,擬定三個教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識與技能:(1)知道什么是動能。(2)正確理解和運用動能公式分析、解答有關(guān)問題。(3)掌握外力對物體所做的總功的計算,理解“代數(shù)和”的含義。(4)理解和運用動能定理。過程與方法:通過演繹推理過程,培養(yǎng)科學(xué)研究興趣,領(lǐng)略物理學(xué)中所蘊含的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系。情感、態(tài)度、價值觀:通過運用動能定理分析解決問題,感受成功的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對科學(xué)研究的興趣。3、教學(xué)的重點和難點重點:理解動能定理、應(yīng)用動能定理解決力學(xué)問題。難點:應(yīng)用動能定理解決多個過程的力學(xué)問題,以及變力做功或曲線運動中的動能定理運用。
(5)高度不同,對平拋運動距離有何影響,是否因為高度減小后下落時間減小,所以要增大速度才能達到相同的距離?(教學(xué)實踐證明,這種想法在學(xué)生比較多見。已經(jīng)不自覺的沿用了自由落體運動的規(guī)律,又隱隱有運動等時性的痕跡。應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生這一結(jié)果還需實驗驗證。)教師的引導(dǎo):其實,我們所提出的看法都跟平拋運動的規(guī)律有關(guān)系。那么平拋運動究竟有怎樣的規(guī)律呢?以前學(xué)過的直線運動知識還能用于今天的內(nèi)容嗎?由此逐步使學(xué)生意識到分析平拋運動須采用運動合成與分解這一方法。三、實驗驗證自主探究(15分鐘) 物理是實驗科學(xué),多媒體教學(xué)不能代替實驗。本教學(xué)設(shè)計的第三個環(huán)節(jié)是實驗驗證,鼓勵學(xué)生自主探究。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的猜想(實驗?zāi)康模┰O(shè)計實驗進行驗證。(1)介紹手持式平拋豎落儀,引導(dǎo)并小結(jié)實驗要領(lǐng):聽兩小球下落聲音判斷其下落時間。體會合運動和分運動是等時的。
1、舉例:2、結(jié)論:(1)物體的運動軌跡是曲線的運動叫曲線運動。(2)曲線運動中速度方向是時刻改變的。(二)、曲線運動方向:1、質(zhì)點在某一點(或某一時刻)的速度的方向是在曲線的這一點的切線方向。2、曲線運動中速度方向是時刻改變的,因此曲線運動是變速運動。(三)、曲線運動條件:1、演示實驗:2、結(jié)論:當(dāng)物體所受的合力的方向跟它的速度方向不在同一直線時,物體就做曲線運動。七、課堂小結(jié):1、運動軌跡是曲線的運動叫曲線運動。2、曲線運動中速度的方向是時刻改變的,質(zhì)點在某一點的瞬時速度的方向在曲線的這一點的切線上。3、當(dāng)合外力F的方向與它的速度方向有一夾角a時,物體做曲線運動。八、鞏固訓(xùn)練:1、關(guān)于曲線運動,下列說法正確的是()。A:曲線運動一定是變速運動;B:曲線運動速度的方向不斷的變化,但速度的大小可以不變;
學(xué)生中存在這樣的問題:既然宇宙間的一切物體都是相互吸引的,那么為什么沒有吸引到一起?為了解決這個問題,安排了例題2例2、兩物體質(zhì)量都是1kg,相距1m,它們間的萬有引力是多少?通過本題,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到一般物體間的引力極小,不用考慮。那么,質(zhì)量很大的天體為什么沒被吸引到一塊?從而引出下節(jié)課題。4.課堂小結(jié):本節(jié)課,從天體運動出發(fā),通過推理證明,形成理性認(rèn)識,再結(jié)合例題習(xí)題使學(xué)生的理性認(rèn)識再反饋到具體事實。形成實踐-理論-實踐的認(rèn)知循環(huán),順應(yīng)了認(rèn)知規(guī)律.。本共設(shè)計了很多問,能讓學(xué)生想的盡量讓學(xué)生想、能學(xué)生說的盡量讓學(xué)生說、能讓學(xué)生做的盡量讓學(xué)生做,全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的各方面能力。再通過作業(yè)和探究性課題使學(xué)生的思維活動在時空上得以延續(xù)。5.布置作業(yè):布置作業(yè)時刻意安排引入:萬有引力、重力、向心力、三者的聯(lián)系,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對比結(jié)果,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題:萬有引力與重力向心力的關(guān)系與區(qū)別,為下節(jié)知識的難點突破作好了鋪墊。
[小結(jié)]師:下面同學(xué)們概括總結(jié)本節(jié)所學(xué)的內(nèi)容。請一個同學(xué)到黑板上總結(jié),其他同學(xué)在筆記本上總結(jié),然后請同學(xué)評價黑板上的小結(jié)內(nèi)容。 (學(xué)生認(rèn)真總結(jié)概括本節(jié)內(nèi)容,并把自己這節(jié)課的體會寫下來、比較黑板上的小結(jié)和自己的小結(jié),看誰的更好,好在什么地方。) 生:本節(jié)課我們通過伽利略理想斜面實驗,分析得出了能量以及動能和勢能的概念,從能量的相互轉(zhuǎn)化角度認(rèn)識到,在動能和勢能的相互轉(zhuǎn)化過程中,能的總量保持不變,即能量是守恒的。通過這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí),使我們建立起了守恒的思想。 點評:總結(jié)課堂內(nèi)容,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生概括總結(jié)能力。 教師要放開,讓學(xué)生自己總結(jié)所學(xué)內(nèi)容,允許內(nèi)容的順序不同,從而構(gòu)建他們自己的知識框架。[布置作業(yè)]課后討論 P3“問題與練習(xí)”中的問題。[課外訓(xùn)練]以豎直上拋的小球為例說明小球的勢能和動能的轉(zhuǎn)化情況。在這個例子中是否存在著能的總量保持不變?
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意義之后,繼續(xù)提出問題,讓學(xué)生思考:如果衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢?先讓學(xué)生們大膽猜想,然后再向?qū)W生們介紹 衛(wèi)星發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的幾種可能情況,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,讓學(xué)生對第二、第三宇宙速度及其意義做定性了解。并通過演示Flash課件,幫助學(xué)生理解、加深學(xué)生印象。在學(xué)生對人造衛(wèi)星的原理及發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的速度條件有了初步了解后,接下來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對衛(wèi)星的運動規(guī)律作進一步的探索。實際上衛(wèi)星并不是沿地表水平發(fā)射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的軌道后,再沿以地心為圓心的圓周的切線運行的。讓學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入思考:衛(wèi)星在不同高度繞地球運行時的速度怎么求呢?將衛(wèi)星送入低軌道和高軌道所需的速度都一樣么?如果把不同軌道上的衛(wèi)星繞地球的運動都看成是勻速圓周運動,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用已學(xué)的萬有引力和圓周運動的相關(guān)知識,探究衛(wèi)星繞地球的運行規(guī)律。
設(shè)計意圖:通過設(shè)疑、討論及學(xué)生的親身體驗與教師的引導(dǎo),得到描述圓周運動快慢的兩個物理量,也就成功的打破了學(xué)生在認(rèn)識上的思維障礙,突破了物理概念教學(xué)的難點。在解決線速度和角速度的問題之后,我將引領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)勻速圓周運動的概念以及勻速圓周運動中線速度、角速度的特點。并引出勻速圓周運動中周期、轉(zhuǎn)速的知識。為了加深學(xué)生對線速度、角速度與半徑關(guān)系的認(rèn)識,我設(shè)計了第三個學(xué)生體驗活動:四名學(xué)生以我為圓心做圓周運動,四名學(xué)生始終并列,這時里圈同學(xué)走動不急不慢,而外圈同學(xué)則要小跑。通過學(xué)生的活動,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在角速度相同的情況下,半徑越大的線速度也越大。定性的得到了線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。接下來讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識推導(dǎo)線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。設(shè)計意圖:這樣就通過設(shè)疑、學(xué)生猜想、體驗、推導(dǎo)的方式得到了結(jié)論,突破了本節(jié)課的難點即線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。
(四)、彈性勢能(據(jù)課時情況,可以讓學(xué)生自學(xué))生活中還有一些物體既沒有運動也沒有很大的高度卻同樣“儲存”著能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(圖片:彈弓)。張緊的弓一撒手就會對箭支做功改變它的動能,松弛的弓有這樣的本領(lǐng)嗎?同樣是弓前者具有能量而后者沒有,那么什么情況下物體才具有這種能量呢?張緊的弓在恢復(fù)原狀的過程會對外做功,但是拉斷的弓還能有做功的本領(lǐng)嗎?1.定義:物體由于發(fā)生彈性形變而具有的能量叫做彈性勢能。2.彈性勢能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)呢?3、勢能由相互作用的物體的相對位置決定的能量。重力勢能:由地球和物體間相對位置決定。彈性勢能:由發(fā)生形變的各部分的相對位置決定。(五).反饋練習(xí)1. 物體在運動過程中,克服重力做功50J, 則( )A.重力做功為50JB.物體的重力勢能一定增加50JC.物體的重力勢能一定減少50JD.重力做功為-50J
一、 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地名地址庫建設(shè)在智慧北侖建設(shè)中的意義 隨著北侖“智慧城市”建設(shè)的開展,各行業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫、信息資源交換和服務(wù)共享體系建設(shè)陸續(xù)展開。地名地址數(shù)據(jù)庫建設(shè)是開展多種形式地名信息服務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)和前提,如地名語音查詢、地名網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、地名信息觸摸屏設(shè)置、電子地圖建設(shè)、“地名信息查詢服務(wù)系統(tǒng)”建設(shè)等。地名信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、數(shù)字化是地名為公眾服務(wù)最高效、最便捷的手段,是全區(qū)公共信息服務(wù)效能和“智慧北侖”建設(shè)最基礎(chǔ)的社會公共信息資源。不僅能方便大家查詢地名信息,而且可與城市經(jīng)濟信息、應(yīng)急聯(lián)動、智能交通信息等系統(tǒng)聯(lián)動,成為城市“救命線”,真正實現(xiàn)城市的“智能化”。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
1. 表示時間。Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place. = When I heard these stories. . . 2. 表示原因。Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. = Because/Since/As I don’t know his address. . . 3. 表示結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money. =. . . and left him a lot of money4. 表示條件。Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. = If you go straight down the road. . . 5. 表示讓步。Being tired, they went on working. =Although they were tired. . . 6. 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補充說明。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. =. . . and stared at the sky for a long time注意:非謂語動詞作狀語時, 如所提供的動詞不能和句子中的主語保持一致, 動詞-ing形式必須有自己的邏輯主語, 通常由名詞或代詞來擔(dān)任, 這就是獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. (having gone的邏輯主語是the last bus, 而不是we)Weather permitting, the football match will be played on Friday. (permitting的邏輯主語是time, 而不是the football match)Step 7 Practice1. ________(study) hard, you are sure to get first prize. 2. People use plastic in their daily life, _______(leave) large amounts of waste. 3. ________(work) hard at your lessons, you are to succeed. 4. The old man, ____________(work) abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. 5. ______________(finish) his homework, he was playing on the playground. Answers: 1. Studying 2. leaving 3. Working 4.having worked 5. Having finishedStep 8 HomeworkFinish the homework on Page 22.
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.