“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.學(xué)習(xí)詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學(xué)準(zhǔn)備 學(xué)生預(yù)習(xí)本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動(dòng)表 獎(jiǎng)品四、 教學(xué)過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動(dòng)畫片段《灰姑娘》導(dǎo)如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務(wù)。片段的主題使學(xué)生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標(biāo)語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運(yùn)送;運(yùn)輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來計(jì)劃或行動(dòng). 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導(dǎo)) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習(xí)對(duì)話.
教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.知識(shí)目標(biāo):(1)學(xué)習(xí)What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學(xué)會(huì)用英語描述有關(guān)職業(yè)的表達(dá)法。2.能力目標(biāo):(1)能夠談?wù)摓閷?shí)現(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談?wù)撐磥碜约号c他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時(shí)間的活動(dòng)安排,最終具備表達(dá)綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標(biāo):新學(xué)期到來之際,讓他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)、體育、飲食、特長(zhǎng)、讀書等方面制定計(jì)劃,教育學(xué)生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)本單元的重點(diǎn)為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。難點(diǎn)是語言目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設(shè)計(jì)了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓(xùn)練;
1 交通工具的比較此活動(dòng)為小組活動(dòng)。學(xué)生通過討論找出到達(dá)某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學(xué)生以小組為單位展開活動(dòng),談?wù)摫窘M所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報(bào),闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務(wù)所需要的語言結(jié)構(gòu):We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個(gè)城市更合適?此活動(dòng)具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設(shè)中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對(duì)各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進(jìn)行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時(shí)也可以讓他們復(fù)習(xí)一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴(kuò)充知識(shí).學(xué)習(xí)語言的過程也是一個(gè)不斷積累的過程,復(fù)習(xí)舊知識(shí),增添新知識(shí).通過小游戲,強(qiáng)化學(xué)生對(duì)Does she/he have…這個(gè)句子的運(yùn)用能力.通過復(fù)習(xí),自然的引到下面新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)。充分利用表格,由句子到對(duì)話,再到文章,讓學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn). 提高學(xué)生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力,運(yùn)用以前學(xué)過的知識(shí)來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學(xué)內(nèi)容與分析:
教學(xué)目標(biāo): 1. Express preferences2. Talk about one’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3. Learn to express one’s opinions 4. Learn to write a reply 語言功能: 1) Talk about one’s preferences, using t he relative clause2) Talk about people’s likes and dislikes and the reasons3) Talk about opinions語言結(jié)構(gòu): Relative clauses with that and who語言目標(biāo):What kind of music do you like?I like music that I can sing along with.I love singers who write their own music.We prefer music that has great lyric.重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語:heart, photography, interest, class, whatever, miss, okay, expect, sweet, taste, itself, laboratory, cancer, increase, biscuit, main, care, prefer… to…, remind somebody of …, dance to, sing along with, be sure to, interest somebody, make somebody adj., to be honest, suit somebody, on display, catch up教學(xué)重難點(diǎn):What do other people think of the different kinds of things? How to express one’s opinions? 學(xué)習(xí)方式:討論,合作學(xué)習(xí)情感目標(biāo):通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),能提高學(xué)生的藝術(shù)鑒賞能力和審美情趣,并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣。課時(shí)安排5課時(shí)第一課時(shí):Section A: 1a-2c第二課時(shí):Section A : 3a-4第三課時(shí):Section B:1-2c, Self check2第四課時(shí):Section B: 3a-4, Self check1第五課時(shí):Self check ReadingI like music that I can dance to.
內(nèi)容提示本單元主要內(nèi)容是學(xué)會(huì)利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法來討論學(xué)習(xí)英語的策略,認(rèn)識(shí)自己在學(xué)習(xí)方面的長(zhǎng)處和不足。初步了解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成,主要表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響或造成的后果,常與already,yet,just,ever,never等副詞連用。教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 學(xué)會(huì)討論各種學(xué)習(xí)方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法。 二、語言結(jié)構(gòu)(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+動(dòng)名詞短語 表示“通過…途徑,方法” 2. How questions have引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句 三、目標(biāo)語言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎樣準(zhǔn)備考試的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同學(xué)們一起學(xué)習(xí)。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經(jīng)參加過學(xué)習(xí)小組嗎?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,參加過。通過這種方式我學(xué)了許多。
一、Section A該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊圍繞Whose volleyball is this? 這一話題展開思維( 1a)、聽力(1b)、口語( 1c)訓(xùn)練;第二模塊圍繞上一模塊中的話題進(jìn)行聽力( 2a-2b)、口語訓(xùn)練( 2c);第三模塊繼續(xù)圍繞前兩個(gè)模塊中的“making inferences”展開訓(xùn)練。訓(xùn)練形式為閱讀排序( 3a)和兩人問答(3b);第四模塊仍就上一話題展開討論。二、Section B該部分有4個(gè)模塊。第一模塊要求根據(jù)圖畫和所提供的單詞寫出合理的句子;第二模塊在聽力( 2a-2b)和分角色口語訓(xùn)練( 2c)的基礎(chǔ)上,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行“推測(cè)”訓(xùn)練; 第三模塊圍繞“Strange events in Bell Tower neighborhood”這一話題展開閱讀( 3a)和寫作(3b -3c)訓(xùn)練;第四模塊以dream為話題展開小組活動(dòng)。三、Self Check該部分有3個(gè)模塊。第一模塊以填空形式對(duì)所學(xué)詞匯進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練;第二模塊就8個(gè)諺語展開閱讀和討論。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
五.課堂總結(jié):巴金是現(xiàn)代中國不多的文學(xué)大師、思想家之一,他以豐碩的文學(xué)成果以及一生坦蕩無瑕圣哲般高貴的人品,向世人證明了愛心的價(jià)值、真誠的偉大,以及天才的光芒,這位“20世紀(jì)中國的良心”,他的名字必將與魯迅等人一樣,長(zhǎng)留青史,像北斗一樣在天空閃爍!讓我們記住這位老人并學(xué)習(xí)這位老人的不斷進(jìn)取的精神和嚴(yán)于解剖自己靈魂的勇氣,鑄造一種坦誠真實(shí)的人格。六.課外合作探究:狗與“傷痕文學(xué)”巴金此文開篇就寫藝術(shù)家與狗的故事,然后寫自己與狗,不光此篇寫狗,他在另外的文章中也寫到狗,不光巴金如此,反映文革的“傷痕文學(xué)”都經(jīng)常寫到狗,你如何看待這一文學(xué)現(xiàn)象?1.學(xué)生課外閱讀“傷痕文學(xué)”查閱相關(guān)文學(xué)評(píng)論(6人一組,4人分組從網(wǎng)上和書籍中查閱相關(guān)文章,2人分別查閱相關(guān)評(píng)論)2.課后教師與學(xué)生交流并發(fā)表有傾向性的意見:
2、黛玉進(jìn)入賈府到賈母處,她看到了什么?提示:從榮府西角門進(jìn)去,走“一射之地”,轉(zhuǎn)至垂花門,過穿堂,繞插屏,再經(jīng)三間過廳,后面方是賈母居住的正房大院?!罢嫖彘g上房,皆雕梁畫棟,兩邊穿山游廊廂房,掛著各色鸚鵡、畫眉等鳥雀?!边@樣穿堂過廳一路行來,仆役、婆子、丫環(huán)輪番更換,的確給人以侯門深似海的感覺。然而賈母居處還不是正內(nèi)室。3、黛玉去拜見二舅舅時(shí)又看到什么?提示:往東。“穿過一個(gè)東西的穿堂,向南大廳之后,儀門內(nèi)大院落,上面五間大正房,兩邊廂房鹿頂耳房鉆山,四通八達(dá),軒昂壯麗”。堂屋中迎面“一個(gè)赤金九龍青地大匾,匾上寫著斗大的三個(gè)大字,是‘榮禧堂’,后有一行小字:‘某年月日,書賜榮國公賈源’,又有‘萬幾宸翰之寶’?!蔽輧?nèi)擺設(shè)有名貴的家具,珍貴的字畫、古玩?!坝钟幸桓睂?duì)聯(lián),乃烏木聯(lián)牌,鑲著鏨銀的字跡,道是:座上珠譏昭日月,堂前黼黻煥煙霞?!庇商梦葸M(jìn)入東耳房,這里是起居室,另有一番布置,再到東廊三間小正房王夫人的住室,又別有擺設(shè)。
二、作者簡(jiǎn)介“雨巷詩人”的大名我們?cè)缫崖犨^,有誰知道作者的基本情況?根據(jù)學(xué)生回答總結(jié):戴望舒生于杭州,望舒是他給自己起的筆名,出自屈原的《離騷》:”前望舒使先驅(qū)兮,后飛廉使奔屬?!蓖媸巧裨拏髡f中替月亮駕車的天神,純潔而溫柔,多情又瀟灑。戴望舒出生于3月5日,照西方星象學(xué)的說法,屬于雙魚座。雙魚座的人浪漫柔情,以愛情為生命的養(yǎng)分,意志薄弱,喜好幻想,逃避現(xiàn)實(shí),優(yōu)柔寡斷。戴望舒就是典型的雙魚座性格。三,詩歌賞析:1、有這樣溫柔多情的筆名,又有這樣浪漫柔和的性情,戴望舒筆下流淌出來的詩句也必然是細(xì)膩多情的,下面就讓我們共同欣賞這首《雨巷》。師配樂朗誦。
節(jié)選部分結(jié)構(gòu):節(jié)選自第二幕,主要寫周樸園與魯家母子的對(duì)話,分兩部分。第一部分:三十年后周樸園和侍萍再次相見。第一層:侍萍以敘述別人故事的口吻,揭露周樸園的罪惡,訴說自己的遭遇。──寫他們過去的矛盾第二層:通過周樸園態(tài)度的變化,暴露他的偽善面目,表現(xiàn)侍萍這個(gè)勞動(dòng)?jì)D女的階級(jí)本色。──寫他們現(xiàn)在的矛盾第二部分:周樸園與魯大海父子、侍萍與周萍母子見面。通過周樸園和魯大海的激烈沖突,揭露周樸園壓榨工人的罪行,反映工人階級(jí)的反抗斗爭(zhēng)。分段依據(jù):第一部分從家庭生活方面來揭露周樸園;第二部分從社會(huì)生活方面來揭露周樸園。為了使周魯兩家三十年的新仇舊恨集中在一幕戲中得到反映,作者靈活地運(yùn)用了“回顧”的方法,把歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí),過去和現(xiàn)在緊緊聯(lián)系起來了,用以刻畫人物性格,推動(dòng)劇情發(fā)展。
(三)作家介紹,寫作背景大家說“雨巷”這首詩寫得美不美?(美)剛才我也說了,這首詩是中國朦朧詩的百年經(jīng)典。那么對(duì)于這么出名的詩,有誰能夠向我們介紹一下它的作者跟寫作背景呢?(明確:戴望舒,原名戴朝實(shí)又名戴夢(mèng)鷗,1905年出生于杭州。1929年4月出版第一本詩集《我底記憶》,他的成名作《雨巷》即收入此集中。1933年8月出版了《望舒草》1948年出版了《災(zāi)難歲月》一生留下了詩篇92首。《雨巷》是戴望舒的成名作和前期的代表作,他曾因此而贏得了“雨巷詩人”的雅號(hào)。這首詩寫于1927年夏天。當(dāng)時(shí)全國處于白色恐怖之匯總,戴望舒因曾參加進(jìn)步活動(dòng)而不得不避居于松江的友人家中,在孤寂中咀嚼著大革命失敗后的幻滅與痛苦,心匯總充滿了迷惘的情緒和朦朧的希望。)(適當(dāng)板書)
(幻燈六)巴金作品《家》描寫的是“五四”之后,成都地區(qū)一個(gè)封建大家庭走向崩潰的故事。故事集中在1920年冬到1921年秋的八九個(gè)月時(shí)間里。成都的一個(gè)官僚地主家庭高公館,一家之主的高老太爺,封建專制,頑固不化。長(zhǎng)房長(zhǎng)孫覺新,為人厚道,卻很軟弱,原與梅表姐相愛,后屈從于老太爺之命而與李瑞玨結(jié)婚。后來梅和瑞玨雙雙慘死。覺新的胞弟覺民、覺慧積極參加愛國運(yùn)動(dòng),從而和馮公館的馮樂山成了死對(duì)頭。覺民愛上琴,馮樂山卻要他娶自己的侄孫女,在覺民覺慧的反抗下,他們終于取得勝利。覺慧愛上聰明伶俐的婢女鳴鳳,但馮樂山卻指名要娶鳴鳳為妾,鳴鳳堅(jiān)決不從,投湖自盡…至此,覺新有所覺醒,而覺慧則毅然脫離家庭,投身革命。(故事主要以高家三兄弟的愛情遭際為線索。)
教師在教學(xué)古詩時(shí),只有指導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)朗讀,才能讓學(xué)生直接體會(huì)到古詩所具有的音樂美,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)古詩的美學(xué)感染力,進(jìn)一步激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)古詩詞的熱情。除此,在《荷塘月色》、《春》等優(yōu)美的寫景抒情散文中,朱自清運(yùn)用了不少的疊詞,朗讀它們,猶如一個(gè)個(gè)跳動(dòng)的音符貫穿于文章中,有效地增強(qiáng)了文章的節(jié)奏感。通過朗讀,學(xué)生能夠更好地領(lǐng)悟到朱自清散文所具有的音樂美。4、朗讀能夠增強(qiáng)學(xué)生對(duì)文章含蓄美和形象美的感染能力:含蓄,是指用少量的、具體的、可感觸的藝術(shù)形象,來表現(xiàn)豐富的生活內(nèi)容和思想感情,把詩意藏在富于概括性和內(nèi)涵豐富的形象中,以瞬間表現(xiàn)永恒,以有限傳達(dá)無限,以少勝多,給人以推理和想象的廣闊大地?!白x書百遍,其義自見”,“熟讀唐詩三百首,不會(huì)作詩也會(huì)吟”,“觀書須熟讀,使其言皆者出于吾云之口;繼以精思,使其意皆出于吾之心?!边@些話語道出了反復(fù)朗讀對(duì)于理解文章含義所起的重要作用。教師在課堂教學(xué)過程中,特別是地教學(xué)詩歌時(shí),只有指導(dǎo)學(xué)生反復(fù)地朗讀,才能讓學(xué)生將文章中雋永的意境,深厚的蘊(yùn)涵更好地品味出來,從而更好地欣賞到文章的含蓄美。
從《詩經(jīng)》的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義到屈原的浪漫主義,是中國詩歌發(fā)展的一個(gè)里程碑。屈原的騷體詩,依詩取興,引類譬喻,繼承發(fā)展了《詩經(jīng)》的比興傳統(tǒng)。《詩經(jīng)》的比興較為單純,而《楚辭》的比興具有象征的特質(zhì),往往成為一個(gè)形象的系統(tǒng)?!峨x騷》中香草美人的比興就是范例。楚地本是澤鄉(xiāng)山國,其間頗有疊波曠宇、崇山秀嶺,這些江山的光怪之氣足以搖蕩心靈、催發(fā)麗辭偉句。但騷體詩已沖破《詩經(jīng)》四言詩的固定格式,句式加長(zhǎng)而靈活,篇章放大而嚴(yán)密,詩采絢麗而貼切,是《詩經(jīng)》之后的一次詩體大解放。有人說,中國歷代詩“莫不同祖風(fēng)騷”,足見其對(duì)后代詩歌的影響。先秦時(shí)代,《詩經(jīng)》與《楚辭》雙峰并峙,是中國詩史上現(xiàn)實(shí)主義與浪漫主義的兩座巍然屹立的坐標(biāo)。
1.本文由“不得極夫游之樂”生發(fā)出“盡吾志”的觀點(diǎn),又由“仆碑”生發(fā)出“深思慎取”的觀點(diǎn),這兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)彼此有聯(lián)系嗎?作者游褒禪山,本來是一次平常的游歷活動(dòng),但卻從中悟出了人生哲理──從前洞后洞游人的多少悟出“夷以近,則游者眾;險(xiǎn)以遠(yuǎn),則至者少”,從“入之愈深,其進(jìn)愈難,而其見愈奇”悟出“而世之奇?zhèn)?、瑰怪、非常之觀,常在于險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)”;由此再引申一步,就得出了“非有志者不能至”的結(jié)論。然后將這次游山而未能“極夫游之樂”的教訓(xùn)升華到理論上來,具體分析了“至”的幾個(gè)條件,最后得出“盡吾志”的觀點(diǎn)──這正是“求思之深而無不在”的結(jié)果。由此可見,“盡吾志”的觀點(diǎn)跟“深思慎取”的觀點(diǎn)是有聯(lián)系的:“盡吾志”的觀點(diǎn)是在“深思慎取”的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的;有了這個(gè)觀點(diǎn),又能反過來促使人們“深思慎取”,二者是相輔相成的。