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新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Learning about Language教學設計
Step 7: complete the discourse according to the grammar rules.Cholera used to be one of the most 1.__________ (fear) diseases in the world. In the early 19th century, _2_________ an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died. But neither its cause, 3__________ its cure was understood. A British doctor, John Snow, wanted to solve the problem and he knew that cholera would not be controlled _4_________ its cause was found. In general, there were two contradictory theories 5 __________ explained how cholera spread. The first suggested that bad air caused the disease. The second was that cholera was caused by an _6_________(infect) from germs in food or water. John Snow thought that the second theory was correct but he needed proof. So when another outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, he began to investigate. Later, with all the evidence he _7_________ (gather), John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Therefore, he had the handle of the pump _8_________ (remove) so that it couldn't be used. Through his intervention，the disease was stopped in its tracks. What is more, John Snow found that some companies sold water from the River Thames that __9__________________ (pollute) by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely _10_________ (get) cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water. Through John Snow's efforts, the _11_________ (threaten) of cholera around the world saw a substantial increase. Keys： 1.feared 2.when 3. nor 4.unless 5.that/which 6.infection 7.had gathered 8.removed 9.was polluted 10.to get 11. threat
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Reading and thinking教學設計
Step 5： After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 1 Science and Scientists-Using langauge教學設計
This happens because the dish soap molecules have a strong negative charge, and the milk molecules have a strong positive charge. Like magnets, these molecules are attracted to each other, and so they appear to move around on the plate, taking the food coloring with them, making it look like the colors are quickly moving to escape from the soap.Listening text:? Judy: Oh, I'm so sorry that you were ill and couldn't come with us on our field trip. How are you feeling now? Better?? Bill: Much better, thanks. But how was it?? Judy: Wonderful! I especially liked an area of the museum called Light Games.it was really cool. They had a hall of mirrors where I could see myself reflected thousands of times!? Bill: A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun. What else did they have?? Judy: Well, they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while, and then suddenly we could see tiny bright lights moving around on it. You'll never guess what those bright lights were!? Bill: Come on, tell me!? Judy: They were our own blood cells. For some reason, our eyes play tricks on us when we look at a blue screen, and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights! But there was another thing I liked better. I stood in front of a white light, and it cast different shadows of me in every color of the rainbow!? Bill: Oh, I wish I had been there. Tell me more!? Judy: Well, they had another area for sound. They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play. But then, instead of playing the sounds of a piano, it played the voices of classical singers! Then they had a giant dish, and when you spoke into it, it reflected the sound back and made it louder. You could use it to speak in a whisper to someone 17 meters away.? Bill: It all sounds so cool. I wish I could have gone with you? Judy: I know, but we can go together this weekend. I'd love to go there again!? Bill: That sounds like a great idea!
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 2 Bridging Cultures-Discovering useful structures教學設計
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Discovering useful structures教學設計
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時，以及by、before后面接過去的時間時，主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導的定語從句中，主語與謂語構成被動關系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中，條件句表示與過去事實相反，且主語與謂語構成被動關系時，要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示，我早就完成這項任務了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話，我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會，你就會見到他的。
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 3 Food and Culture-Reading and thinking教學設計
The discourse explores the link between food and culture from a foreign’s perspective and it records some authentic Chinese food and illustrates the cultural meaning, gerography features and historic tradition that the food reflects. It is aimed to lead students to understand and think about the connection between food and culture. While teaching, the teacher should instruct students to find out the writing order and the writer’s experieces and feelings towards Chinese food and culture.1.Guide the students to read the text, sort out the information and dig out the topic.2.Understand the cultural connotation, regional characteristics and historical tradition of Chinese cuisine3.Understand and explore the relationship between food and people's personality4.Guide the students to use the cohesive words in the text5.Lead students to accurately grasp the real meaning of the information and improve the overall understanding ability by understanding the implied meaning behind the text.1. Enable the Ss to understand the structure and the writing style of the passage well.2. Lead the Ss to understand and think further about the connection between food and geography and local character traits.Step1: Prediction before reading. Before you read, look at the title, and the picture. What do you think this article is about?keys:It is about various culture and cuisine about a place or some countries.
新人教版高中英語選修2Unit 5 First Aid-Discovering useful structures教學設計
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2．動詞ing形式復合結構由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing，即“sb./sb.'s＋doing”構成。動詞ing形式的復合結構實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復合結構有四種形式：①形容詞性物主代詞＋動詞ing②名詞所有格＋動詞ing③代詞賓格＋動詞ing④名詞＋動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎？無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現在離開嗎？Excuse me for my not coming on time．很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了，他很擔心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
人教A版高中數學必修二古典概型和概率的基本性質教學設計
新知講授（一）——古典概型 對隨機事件發(fā)生可能性大小的度量（數值）稱為事件的概率。我們將具有以上兩個特征的試驗稱為古典概型試驗，其數學模型稱為古典概率模型，簡稱古典概型。即具有以下兩個特征：1、有限性：樣本空間的樣本點只有有限個；2、等可能性：每個樣本點發(fā)生的可能性相等。思考一：下面的隨機試驗是不是古典概型？（1）一個班級中有18名男生、22名女生。采用抽簽的方式，從中隨機選擇一名學生，事件A=“抽到男生”（2）拋擲一枚質地均勻的硬幣3次，事件B=“恰好一次正面朝上”（1）班級中共有40名學生，從中選擇一名學生，即樣本點是有限個；因為是隨機選取的，所以選到每個學生的可能性都相等，因此這是一個古典概型。
人教A版高中數學必修二空間點、直線、平面之間的位置關系教學設計
9.例二：如圖，AB∩α=B,A?α， ?a.直線AB與a具有怎樣的位置關系？為什么？解：直線AB與a是異面直線。理由如下：若直線AB與a不是異面直線，則它們相交或平行，設它們確定的平面為β，則B∈β， 由于經過點B與直線a有且僅有一個平面α，因此平面平面α與β重合，從而 , 進而A∈α，這與A?α矛盾。所以直線AB與a是異面直線。補充說明：例二告訴我們一種判斷異面直線的方法：與一個平面相交的直線和這個平面內不經過交點的直線是異面直線。10. 例3 已知a，b，c是三條直線，如果a與b是異面直線，b與c是異面直線，那么a與c有怎樣的位置關系？并畫圖說明．解： 直線a與直線c的位置關系可以是平行、相交、異面．如圖(1)(2)(3)．總結：判定兩條直線是異面直線的方法(1)定義法：由定義判斷兩條直線不可能在同一平面內．
人教A版高中數學必修二立體圖形直觀圖教學設計
1.直觀圖：表示空間幾何圖形的平面圖形，叫做空間圖形的直觀圖直觀圖往往與立體圖形的真實形狀不完全相同，直觀圖通常是在平行投影下得到的平面圖形2.給出直觀圖的畫法斜二側畫法觀察：矩形窗戶在陽光照射下留在地面上的影子是什么形狀？眺望遠處成塊的農田，矩形的農田在我們眼里又是什么形狀呢？3. 給出斜二測具體步驟（1）在已知圖形中取互相垂直的X軸Y軸，兩軸相交于O，畫直觀圖時，把他們畫成對應的X'軸與Y'軸，兩軸交于O'。且使∠X'O'Y'=45°（或135°）。他們確定的平面表示水平面。（2）已知圖形中平行于X軸或y軸的線段，在直觀圖中分別畫成平行于X'軸或y'軸的線段。（3）已知圖形中平行于X軸的線段，在直觀圖中保持原長度不變，平行于Y軸的線段，在直觀圖中長度為原來一半。4.對斜二測方法進行舉例：對于平面多邊形，我們常用斜二測畫法畫出他們的直觀圖。如圖 A'B'C'D'就是利用斜二測畫出的水平放置的正方形ABCD的直觀圖。其中橫向線段A'B'=AB，C'D'=CD；縱向線段A'D'=1/2AD，B'C'=1/2BC；∠D'A'B'=45°，這與我們的直觀觀察是一致的。5.例一：用斜二測畫法畫水平放置的六邊形的直觀圖(1)在六邊形ABCDEF中，取AD所在直線為X軸，對稱軸MN所在直線為Y軸，兩軸交于O'，使∠X'oy'=45°（2）以o'為中心，在X'上取A'D'=AD，在y'軸上取M'N'=½MN。以點N為中心，畫B'C'平行于X'軸，并且等于BC；再以M'為中心，畫E'F'平行于X‘軸并且等于EF。 （3）連接A'B',C'D',E'F',F'A',并擦去輔助線x軸y軸，便獲得正六邊形ABCDEF水平放置的直觀圖A'B'C'D'E'F' 6. 平面圖形的斜二測畫法（1）建兩個坐標系，注意斜坐標系夾角為45°或135°；（2）與坐標軸平行或重合的線段保持平行或重合；（3）水平線段等長，豎直線段減半；（4）整理.簡言之：“橫不變，豎減半，平行、重合不改變。”
人教A版高中數學必修二平面與平面平行教學設計
1.探究：根據基本事實的推論2,3，過兩條平行直線或兩條相交直線，有且只有一個平面，由此可以想到，如果一個平面內有兩條相交或平行直線都與另一個平面平行，是否就能使這兩個平面平行？如圖（1），a和b分別是矩形硬紙板的兩條對邊所在直線，它們都和桌面平行，那么硬紙板和桌面平行嗎？如圖（2），c和d分別是三角尺相鄰兩邊所在直線，它們都和桌面平行，那么三角尺與桌面平行嗎？2.如果一個平面內有兩條平行直線與另一個平面平行，這兩個平面不一定平行。我們借助長方體模型來說明。如圖，在平面A’ADD’內畫一條與AA’平行的直線EF,顯然AA’與EF都平行于平面DD’CC’,但這兩條平行直線所在平面AA’DD’與平面DD’CC’相交。3.如果一個平面內有兩條相交直線與另一個平面平行，這兩個平面是平行的，如圖，平面ABCD內兩條相交直線A’C’,B’D’平行。
人教A版高中數學必修二事件的相互獨立性教學設計
問題導入：問題一：試驗1：分別拋擲兩枚質地均勻的硬幣，A=“第一枚硬幣正面朝上”，B=“第二枚硬幣正面朝上”。事件A的發(fā)生是否影響事件B的概率？因為兩枚硬幣分別拋擲，第一枚硬幣的拋擲結果與第二枚硬幣的拋擲結果互相不受影響，所以事件A發(fā)生與否不影響事件B發(fā)生的概率。問題二：計算試驗1中的P(A),P(B),P(AB)，你有什么發(fā)現？在該試驗中，用1表示硬幣“正面朝上”，用0表示“反面朝上”，則樣本空間Ω={（1，1），（1，0），（0，1），（0，0）}，包含4個等可能的樣本點。而A={（1，1），（1，0）}，B={（1，0），（0，0）}所以AB={（1，0）}由古典概率模型概率計算公式，得P(A)=P(B)=0.5，P(AB)=0.25， 于是 P(AB)=P(A)P(B)積事件AB的概率恰好等于事件A、B概率的乘積。問題三：試驗2：一個袋子中裝有標號分別是1，2，3，4的4個球，除標號外沒有其他差異。
人教A版高中數學必修二圓柱、圓錐、圓臺和球的表面積與體積教學設計
1.圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的表面積與多面體的表面積一樣，圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的表面積也是圍成它的各個面的面積和。利用圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的展開圖如圖，可以得到它們的表面積公式：2.思考1：圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的表面積之間有什么關系？你能用圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的結構特征來解釋這種關系嗎？3.練習一圓柱的一個底面積是S，側面展開圖是一個正方體，那么這個圓柱的側面積是（ ）A 4πS B 2πS C πS D 4.練習二：如圖所示，在邊長為4的正三角形ABC中，E，F分別是AB，AC的中點，D為BC的中點，H，G分別是BD，CD的中點，若將正三角形ABC繞AD旋轉180°，求陰影部分形成的幾何體的表面積．5. 圓柱、圓錐、圓臺的體積對于柱體、錐體、臺體的體積公式的認識(1)等底、等高的兩個柱體的體積相同．(2)等底、等高的圓錐和圓柱的體積之間的關系可以通過實驗得出，等底、等高的圓柱的體積是圓錐的體積的3倍．
人教A版高中數學必修二向量的減法運算教學設計
新知探究：向量的減法運算定義問題四：你能根據實數的減法運算定義向量的減法運算嗎？由兩個向量和的定義已知 即任意向量與其相反向量的和是零向量。求兩個向量差的運算叫做向量的減法。我們看到，向量的減法可以轉化為向量的加法來進行：減去一個向量相當于加上這個向量的相反向量。即新知探究（二）：向量減法的作圖方法知識探究（三）：向量減法的幾何意義問題六：根據問題五，思考一下向量減法的幾何意義是什么？問題七：非零共線向量怎樣做減法運算？ 問題八：非零共線向量怎樣做減法運算？1.共線同向2.共線反向小試牛刀判一判(正確的打“√”，錯誤的打“×”)(1)兩個向量的差仍是一個向量。 (√ )(2)向量的減法實質上是向量的加法的逆運算. ( √ )(3)向量a與向量b的差與向量b與向量a的差互為相反向量。 ( √ )(4)相反向量是共線向量。 ( √ )
人教A版高中數學必修二直線與平面垂直教學設計
1.觀察（1）如圖，在陽光下觀察直立于地面的旗桿AB及它在地面影子BC,旗桿所在直線與影子所在直線的位置關系是什么？（2）隨著時間的變化，影子BC的位置在不斷的變化，旗桿所在直線AB與其影子B’C’所在直線是否保持垂直？經觀察我們知道AB與BC永遠垂直，也就是AB垂直于地面上所有過點B的直線。而不過點B的直線在地面內總是能找到過點B的直線與之平行。因此AB與地面上所有直線均垂直。一般地，如果一條直線與一個平面α內所有直線均垂直，我們就說l垂直α，記作l⊥α。2.定義：①文字敘述：如果直線l與平面α內的所有 直線都垂直，就說直線l與平面α互相垂直，記作l⊥α.直線l叫做平面α的垂線，平面α叫做直線l的垂面．直線與平面垂直時，它們唯一的公共點P叫做交點．②圖形語言：如圖．畫直線l與平面α垂直時，通常把直線畫成與表示平面的平行四邊形的一邊垂直．③符號語言：任意a?α，都有l(wèi)⊥a?l⊥α.
人教A版高中數學必修二直線與平面垂直教學設計
1.觀察（1）如圖，在陽光下觀察直立于地面的旗桿AB及它在地面影子BC,旗桿所在直線與影子所在直線的位置關系是什么？（2）隨著時間的變化，影子BC的位置在不斷的變化，旗桿所在直線AB與其影子B’C’所在直線是否保持垂直？經觀察我們知道AB與BC永遠垂直，也就是AB垂直于地面上所有過點B的直線。而不過點B的直線在地面內總是能找到過點B的直線與之平行。因此AB與地面上所有直線均垂直。一般地，如果一條直線與一個平面α內所有直線均垂直，我們就說l垂直α，記作l⊥α。2.定義：①文字敘述：如果直線l與平面α內的所有 直線都垂直，就說直線l與平面α互相垂直，記作l⊥α.直線l叫做平面α的垂線，平面α叫做直線l的垂面．直線與平面垂直時，它們唯一的公共點P叫做交點．②圖形語言：如圖．畫直線l與平面α垂直時，通常把直線畫成與表示平面的平行四邊形的一邊垂直．
人教A版高中數學必修二直線與直線垂直教學設計
6.例二：如圖在正方體ABCD-A’B’C’D’中，O’為底面A’B’C’D’的中心，求證：AO’⊥BD 證明：如圖，連接B’D’,∵ABCD-A’B’C’D’是正方體∴BB’//DD’,BB’=DD’∴四邊形BB’DD’是平行四邊形∴B’D’//BD∴直線AO’與B’D’所成角即為直線AO’與BD所成角連接AB’,AD’易證AB’=AD’又O’為底面A’B’C’D’的中心∴O’為B’D’的中點∴AO’⊥B’D’,AO’⊥BD7.例三如圖所示，四面體A－BCD中，E，F分別是AB，CD的中點.若BD，AC所成的角為60°，且BD＝AC＝2.求EF的長度.解：取BC中點O,連接OE,OF，如圖。∵E,F分別是AB,CD的中點，∴OE//AC且OE=1/2AC,OF//AC且OF=1/2BD,∴OE與OF所成的銳角就是AC與BD所成的角∵BD,AC所成角為60°，∴∠EOF=60°或120°∵BD=AC=2,∴OE=OF=1當∠EOF=60°時，EF=OE=OF=1,當∠EOF=120°時，取EF的中點M,連接OM,則OM⊥EF,且∠EOM=60°∴EM= ,∴EF=2EM=
人教版高中數學選擇性必修二等比數列的概念 (1) 教學設計
新知探究我們知道，等差數列的特征是“從第2項起，每一項與它的前一項的差都等于同一個常數” 。類比等差數列的研究思路和方法，從運算的角度出發(fā)，你覺得還有怎樣的數列是值得研究的？1.兩河流域發(fā)掘的古巴比倫時期的泥版上記錄了下面的數列:9,9^2,9^3,…,9^10; ①100,100^2,100^3,…,100^10; ②5,5^2,5^3,…,5^10. ③2.《莊子·天下》中提到：“一尺之錘，日取其半，萬世不竭.”如果把“一尺之錘”的長度看成單位“1”，那么從第1天開始，每天得到的“錘”的長度依次是1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32,… ④3.在營養(yǎng)和生存空間沒有限制的情況下，某種細菌每20 min 就通過分裂繁殖一代，那么一個這種細菌從第1次分裂開始，各次分裂產生的后代個數依次是2,4,8,16,32,64,… ⑤4.某人存入銀行a元，存期為5年，年利率為 r ，那么按照復利，他5年內每年末得到的本利和分別是a(1+r),a〖(1+r)〗^2,a〖(1+r)〗^3,a〖(1+r)〗^4,a〖(1+r)〗^5 ⑥
人教版高中數學選擇性必修二等差數列的前n項和公式（1）教學設計
高斯（Gauss，1777－1855），德國數學家，近代數學的奠基者之一. 他在天文學、大地測量學、磁學、光學等領域都做出過杰出貢獻. 問題1：為什么1＋100＝2＋99＝…＝50＋51呢？這是巧合嗎？試從數列角度給出解釋.高斯的算法：（1+100）+（2+99）+…+(50+51)= 101×50=5050高斯的算法實際上解決了求等差數列：1，2，3，…，n，"… " 前100項的和問題.等差數列中，下標和相等的兩項和相等.設 an＝n，則 a1＝1，a2＝2，a3＝3，…如果數列{an} 是等差數列，p，q，s，t∈N*，且 p＋q＝s＋t，則 ap＋aq＝as＋at 可得：a_1+a_100=a_2+a_99=?=a_50+a_51問題2： 你能用上述方法計算1＋2＋3＋… ＋101嗎？問題3： 你能計算1＋2＋3＋… ＋n嗎？需要對項數的奇偶進行分類討論.當n為偶數時， S_n=(1+n)+[(2+(n-1)]+?+[(n/2+(n/2-1)]=(1+n)+(1+n)…+(1+n)=n/2 (1+n) =(n(1+n))/2當n為奇數數時， n－1為偶數
人教版高中數學選擇性必修二變化率問題教學設計
導語在必修第一冊中，我們研究了函數的單調性，并利用函數單調性等知識，定性的研究了一次函數、指數函數、對數函數增長速度的差異，知道“對數增長” 是越來越慢的，“指數爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多，進一步的能否精確定量的刻畫變化速度的快慢呢，下面我們就來研究這個問題。新知探究問題1 高臺跳水運動員的速度高臺跳水運動中，運動員在運動過程中的重心相對于水面的高度h(單位：m)與起跳后的時間t(單位：s)存在函數關系h(t)＝－4.9t2＋4.8t＋11.如何描述用運動員從起跳到入水的過程中運動的快慢程度呢？直覺告訴我們，運動員從起跳到入水的過程中，在上升階段運動的越來越慢，在下降階段運動的越來越快，我們可以把整個運動時間段分成許多小段，用運動員在每段時間內的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運動狀態(tài)。
