◇本框題小結:◇3個體現(xiàn):即人民代表大會制度是我國的根本政治制度的3個體現(xiàn)(1)、人民代表大會制度決定著國家的其他各種具體制度;(2)、人民代表大會制度是中國人民當家作主的最高形式和重要途徑;(3)、人民代表大會制度是中國社會主義政治文明的重要制度載體?!?個表現(xiàn):即民主集中制確保國家權力協(xié)調(diào)高效的表現(xiàn):(1)、從人民代表大會和人民的關系來看①各級人民代表受選民和原選舉單位的監(jiān)督,選民或選舉單位有權罷免自己選舉出的代表;②各級人民代表大會代表人民統(tǒng)一行使國家權力(2)、從人民代表大會與其他國家機關的關系來看①其他國家機關都由人民代表大會產(chǎn)生,對它負責、受它監(jiān)督;②在人民代表大會統(tǒng)一行使國家權力的前提下,其他國家機關依照法定分工依法行使各自的職權。(3)、從中央和地方的關系來看①地方必須服從中央;②在保證中央統(tǒng)一領導的同時,必須考慮地方特殊利益,充分發(fā)揮地方的主動性和積極性。
相關鏈接:聯(lián)合國推動達成的部軍控和裁軍條約有:《南極條約》(1959年)、《外層空間條約》(1966年)、《不擴散核武器條約》(1968年)、《海床公約》(1970年)、《禁止生物武器公約》(1971年)、《月球協(xié)定》(1976年)、《禁止化學武器公約》(1992年)、《全面禁止核試驗條約》(1996年)。2、推動共同發(fā)展、促進人類文明——經(jīng)濟方面聯(lián)合國在經(jīng)濟和社會領域建立了一套龐大、復雜、較為系統(tǒng)的機構即聯(lián)合國經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)。經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)制定指導性原則、政策框架以及行動綱領,規(guī)范國際社會各成員的行動方向,推動某些發(fā)展問題逐步得到解決。經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)主持召開重大國際會議,從戰(zhàn)略高度協(xié)調(diào)國際社會的經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展活動。聯(lián)合國千年首腦會議制定了千年發(fā)展目標,為國際發(fā)展合作確立了路線圖和時間表。經(jīng)社系統(tǒng)長期從事開發(fā)活動,向有關國家提供發(fā)展所需的資金、技術,并幫助制定合適的發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和政策,為世界特別是發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展作出了積極貢獻。在解決全球環(huán)境問題方面,聯(lián)合國做了大量開創(chuàng)性工作。
解析:從各點的位置可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A1(1,0),A2(1,1),A3(-1,1),A4(-1,-1),A5(2,-1),A6(2,2),A7(-2,2),A8(-2,-2),A9(3,-2),A10(3,3),A11(-3,3),A12(-3,-3),….仔細觀察每四個點的橫、縱坐標,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在著一定規(guī)律性.因為2015=503×4+3,所以點A2015在第二象限,縱坐標和橫坐標互為相反數(shù),所以A2015的坐標為(-504,504).故填(-504,504).方法總結:解決此類題常用的方法是通過對幾種特殊情況的研究,歸納總結出一般規(guī)律,再根據(jù)一般規(guī)律探究特殊情況.三、板書設計軸對稱與坐標變化關于坐標軸對稱作圖——軸對稱變換通過本課時的學習,學生經(jīng)歷圖形坐標變化與圖形的軸對稱之間的關系的探索過程,掌握空間與圖形的基礎知識和基本作圖技能,豐富對現(xiàn)實空間及圖形的認識,建立初步的空間觀念,發(fā)展形象思維,激發(fā)數(shù)學學習的好奇心與求知欲.教學過程中學生能積極參與數(shù)學學習活動,積極交流合作,體驗數(shù)學活動的樂趣.
(一)、亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織的宗旨和作用1、亞太經(jīng)合組織簡介:(1)、地位——當今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟合作組織(2)、性質(zhì)——是促進亞太國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟合作、推動共同發(fā)展的主要機構。亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織(APEC,簡稱亞太經(jīng)合組織),是當今世界最大的區(qū)域性經(jīng)濟合作組織,是促進亞太國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟合作、推動共同發(fā)展的主要機構。相關鏈接:1989年11月,在澳大利亞的倡議下,澳大利亞、美國、加拿大、日本、韓國、新西蘭和東盟六國的外交與經(jīng)濟部長在澳大利亞首都堪培拉召開部長級會議,正式宣告亞太經(jīng)合組織成立。此后,該組織不斷擴大,到2004年底共有21個成員,既有美國、日本等發(fā)達國家,也有中國、馬來西亞、墨西哥等發(fā)展中國家。亞太經(jīng)合組織的宗旨是:為本地區(qū)人民的共同利益而保持經(jīng)濟的增長與發(fā)展,促進成員間經(jīng)濟的相互依存,加強開放的多邊貿(mào)易體制,減少區(qū)域貿(mào)易和投資壁壘。
第三個規(guī)律,商不變的規(guī)律。這是本課的重點內(nèi)容。有了兩次的探究經(jīng)驗,這一規(guī)律的學習與理解,可以完全放手讓學生自主進行。猜想如果商不變,被除數(shù)、除數(shù)會發(fā)生什么變化呢?學生根據(jù)已有的經(jīng)驗,可能會有不同猜想,我要求學生帶著問題通過計算、觀察、比較、主動探討總結出:被除數(shù)和除數(shù)同時擴大(或縮?。┫嗤谋稊?shù)(0除外)商不變。利用合作學習,通過動腦動口動手,既提高學生解決問題的學習能力,又培養(yǎng)了合作學習的意識和習慣。給學生提供展示研究成果的機會,體驗成功。需要教師提醒的是“有沒有被除數(shù)和除數(shù)同時乘或除以不相同的數(shù),商也不變的?”學生舉反例加以說明并指出“相同的倍數(shù)不包括0”。設計這個環(huán)節(jié),也有意讓學生去驗證商不變性質(zhì)。學生在表述時,對于邏輯的嚴密性和語言的完整性需要老師及時指導,在突出重點的同時培養(yǎng)學生的語言表達能力。整個環(huán)節(jié)在驗證的基礎上,步步深化商的變化規(guī)律,為學生應用新知做好鋪墊。
三、學情與教材分析《積的變化規(guī)律》是九年義務教育課程標準實驗教科書小學數(shù)學四年級上冊第三單元的內(nèi)容。本課例以一組乘法算式為載體,引導學生探索當一個因數(shù)不變時,另一個因數(shù)與積的變化規(guī)律。在學生已經(jīng)掌握了乘法運算的基本技能的基礎上,在乘法運算中探索積的變化規(guī)律。通過這個過程的探索,學生將會經(jīng)歷研究問題——歸納發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律——解釋說明規(guī)律——舉例驗證規(guī)律四個層次的學習過程。學生將會用到觀察、計算、自主探索、合作交流等學習手段,并最終發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律,歸納與驗證規(guī)律,從而有效的培養(yǎng)學生探索與推理的能力,讓學生體會事物間是密切相關的,受到辯證思想的啟蒙教育。例題的設計分三個層次:1、教材設計了一組乘法算式,引導學生在觀察,計算,對比的基礎上自主發(fā)現(xiàn)因數(shù)變化引起積的變化規(guī)律。
8.一束光線從點A(3,3)出發(fā),經(jīng)過y軸上點C反射后經(jīng)過點B(1,0)則光線從A點到B點經(jīng)過的路線長是( )A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7第四環(huán)節(jié)課堂小結1、關于y軸對稱的兩個圖形上點的坐標特征:(x , y)——(- x , y)2、關于x軸對稱的兩個圖形上點的坐標特征:(x , y)——(x , - y)3、關于原點對稱的兩個圖形上點的坐標特征:(x , y)——(- x , -y)第五環(huán)節(jié)布置作業(yè)習題3.5 1,2,3四、 教學反思通過“坐標與軸對稱”,經(jīng)歷圖形坐標變化與圖形的軸對稱之間的關系的探索過程, 掌握空間與圖形的基礎知識和基本技能,豐富對現(xiàn)實空間及圖形的認識,建立初步的空間觀念,發(fā)展形象思維,激發(fā)學生對數(shù)學學習的好奇心與求知欲,學生能積極參與數(shù)學學習活動;積極交流合作,體驗數(shù)學活動充滿著探索與創(chuàng)造。教學中務必給學生創(chuàng)造自主學習與合作交流的機會,留給學生充足的動手機會和思考空間,教師不要急于下結論。事先一定要準備好坐標紙等,提高課堂效率。
二項式定理形式上的特點(1)二項展開式有n+1項,而不是n項.(2)二項式系數(shù)都是C_n^k(k=0,1,2,…,n),它與二項展開式中某一項的系數(shù)不一定相等.(3)二項展開式中的二項式系數(shù)的和等于2n,即C_n^0+C_n^1+C_n^2+…+C_n^n=2n.(4)在排列方式上,按照字母a的降冪排列,從第一項起,次數(shù)由n次逐項減少1次直到0次,同時字母b按升冪排列,次數(shù)由0次逐項增加1次直到n次.1.判斷(正確的打“√”,錯誤的打“×”)(1)(a+b)n展開式中共有n項. ( )(2)在公式中,交換a,b的順序?qū)Ω黜棝]有影響. ( )(3)Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k項. ( )(4)(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)相同. ( )[解析] (1)× 因為(a+b)n展開式中共有n+1項.(2)× 因為二項式的第k+1項Cknan-kbk和(b+a)n的展開式的第k+1項Cknbn-kak是不同的,其中的a,b是不能隨便交換的.(3)× 因為Cknan-kbk是(a+b)n展開式中的第k+1項.(4)√ 因為(a-b)n與(a+b)n的二項式展開式的二項式系數(shù)都是Crn.[答案] (1)× (2)× (3)× (4)√
3.下結論.依據(jù)均值和方差做出結論.跟蹤訓練2. A、B兩個投資項目的利潤率分別為隨機變量X1和X2,根據(jù)市場分析, X1和X2的分布列分別為X1 2% 8% 12% X2 5% 10%P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2求:(1)在A、B兩個項目上各投資100萬元, Y1和Y2分別表示投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤,求方差D(Y1)和D(Y2);(2)根據(jù)得到的結論,對于投資者有什么建議? 解:(1)題目可知,投資項目A和B所獲得的利潤Y1和Y2的分布列為:Y1 2 8 12 Y2 5 10P 0.2 0.5 0.3 P 0.8 0.2所以 ;; 解:(2) 由(1)可知 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目期望收益要高;同時 ,說明投資A項目比投資B項目的實際收益相對于期望收益的平均波動要更大.因此,對于追求穩(wěn)定的投資者,投資B項目更合適;而對于更看重利潤并且愿意為了高利潤承擔風險的投資者,投資A項目更合適.
對于離散型隨機變量,可以由它的概率分布列確定與該隨機變量相關事件的概率。但在實際問題中,有時我們更感興趣的是隨機變量的某些數(shù)字特征。例如,要了解某班同學在一次數(shù)學測驗中的總體水平,很重要的是看平均分;要了解某班同學數(shù)學成績是否“兩極分化”則需要考察這個班數(shù)學成績的方差。我們還常常希望直接通過數(shù)字來反映隨機變量的某個方面的特征,最常用的有期望與方差.二、 探究新知探究1.甲乙兩名射箭運動員射中目標靶的環(huán)數(shù)的分布列如下表所示:如何比較他們射箭水平的高低呢?環(huán)數(shù)X 7 8 9 10甲射中的概率 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4乙射中的概率 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.2類似兩組數(shù)據(jù)的比較,首先比較擊中的平均環(huán)數(shù),如果平均環(huán)數(shù)相等,再看穩(wěn)定性.假設甲射箭n次,射中7環(huán)、8環(huán)、9環(huán)和10環(huán)的頻率分別為:甲n次射箭射中的平均環(huán)數(shù)當n足夠大時,頻率穩(wěn)定于概率,所以x穩(wěn)定于7×0.1+8×0.2+9×0.3+10×0.4=9.即甲射中平均環(huán)數(shù)的穩(wěn)定值(理論平均值)為9,這個平均值的大小可以反映甲運動員的射箭水平.同理,乙射中環(huán)數(shù)的平均值為7×0.15+8×0.25+9×0.4+10×0.2=8.65.
4.寫出下列隨機變量可能取的值,并說明隨機變量所取的值表示的隨機試驗的結果.(1)一個袋中裝有8個紅球,3個白球,從中任取5個球,其中所含白球的個數(shù)為X.(2)一個袋中有5個同樣大小的黑球,編號為1,2,3,4,5,從中任取3個球,取出的球的最大號碼記為X.(3). 在本例(1)條件下,規(guī)定取出一個紅球贏2元,而每取出一個白球輸1元,以ξ表示贏得的錢數(shù),結果如何?[解] (1)X可取0,1,2,3.X=0表示取5個球全是紅球;X=1表示取1個白球,4個紅球;X=2表示取2個白球,3個紅球;X=3表示取3個白球,2個紅球.(2)X可取3,4,5.X=3表示取出的球編號為1,2,3;X=4表示取出的球編號為1,2,4;1,3,4或2,3,4.X=5表示取出的球編號為1,2,5;1,3,5;1,4,5;2,3,5;2,4,5或3,4,5.(3) ξ=10表示取5個球全是紅球;ξ=7表示取1個白球,4個紅球;ξ=4表示取2個白球,3個紅球;ξ=1表示取3個白球,2個紅球.
【詞匯精講】highlight n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;強調(diào);使醒目One of the highlights of the trip was seeing the Taj Mahal.這次旅行的亮點之一是參觀泰姬陵。Your resume should highlight your skills and achievements.你的簡歷應該突出你的技能和成就。The report highlights the major problems facing society today.報告強調(diào)了當今社會所面臨的主要問題。I’ve highlighted the important passages in yellow.我用黃色標出了重要段落。7.Edmonton is freezing cold in winter,with daily temperatures averaging -10 ℃.埃德蒙頓冬季寒冷,日平均氣溫為-10°C?!驹~匯精講】freezing adj.極冷的;冰凍的Leave a basin of water outside in freezing weather.在冰凍的天氣里,放一盆水在室外。It’s freezing cold outside so wear a warm coat.外面超冷的,所以穿一個暖和一點的外套吧。8.It was not until 9:30 a.m.that they finally reached the capital of Ontario,Toronto.直到上午9時30分,他們才終于到達多倫多的首府安大略省?!揪涫狡饰觥勘揪涫且粋€強調(diào)句,強調(diào)的是句子的時間狀語until 9:30。含有not...until...的句子的強調(diào)句為It is not until...that...,that后面的句子要用肯定形式。It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.直到那時我才突然意識到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。
The activity theme of this section is to design various activities around the key words in the first text. Therefore, the activities require students to pay attention to the spelling of words. On the other hand, let students grasp the meaning of words more accurately through sentences and short texts. This kind of teaching design also helps to improve the ability of using English thinking.1. Cultivating students' ability to use word formation to induce and memorize vocabulary, and the ability to use lexical chunks to express meaning.2. Guide the students to think independently and use the correct form of words to complete sentences3. Cultivate students' habit of using lexical chunks to express language completely, guide students to draw words in sentences quickly, pay attention to word collocation, so as to accumulate more authentic expressions4. Instruct students to create sentences with the chunks.1. Enable students to use the language points in the real situation or specific contexts flexibly and appropriately.2. Guiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.Step1: Think of a word that best fits each definition.1. to remember sth2.to accept, admit, or recognize sth or the truth/existence of sth3. the process of changing sth or yourself to suit a new situation4 .to make sb feel less worried or unhappy5. a strong desire to achieve sth
你校英語報計劃出版一期急救常識???現(xiàn)面向全校學生公開征集稿件,你有意參加。請你根據(jù)下面提示內(nèi)容,用英語寫一篇短文,介紹在車禍現(xiàn)場對傷者進行急救的方法和步驟。1.確?,F(xiàn)場的安全;2.詢問傷者,確保其呼吸正常;3.檢查傷口,如流血則應采取止血措施;4.如需急救,確保其處于康復位置。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可以適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。參考詞匯:康復位置 recovery positionAs we all know, having a knowledge of first aid can make a great difference in our daily life. If a traffic accident happens and someone is injured, the following steps can be used to treat the injured.In the first place, we should make sure that the accident scene is safe so that we won’t get hurt. We should ask the injured person if he is OK, and see if he is breathing. What’s more, we should check for cuts and wounds. If he is bleeding badly, it is vital that we should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. This is because if a person loses too much blood, he may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital as soon as possible.Do remember: when giving first aid, please be sure to place the person in a recovery position.
Her tutor told her to acknowledge __________ other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her _______(read) lots of information in order to form __________wise opinion of her own.Now halfway __________ her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said __________ (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been__________ (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger __________(build) a bridge between the two countries. keys:Xie Lei, a 19yearold Chinese student, said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded (board) a plane for London six months ago in order to get a business qualification. She was ambitious(ambition) to set up a business after graduation. It was the first time that she had left (leave) home.At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to life in a different country. She chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation (adapt) to the new culture. When she missed home, she felt comforted (comfort) to have a second family. Also Xie Lei had to satisfy academic requirements. Her tutor told her to acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, and advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own.Now halfway through her exchange year, Xie Lei felt much more at home in the UK. She said engaging (engage) in British culture had helped and that she had been involved (involve) in social activities. She also said while learning about business, she was acting as a cultural messenger building a bridge between the two countries.
The theme of this part is to write an article about healthy diet. Through reading and writing activities, students can accumulate knowledge about healthy diet, deepen their understanding of the theme of healthy diet, and reflect on their own eating habits. This text describes the basic principles of healthy diet. The author uses data analysis, definition, comparison, examples and other methods. It also provides a demonstration of the use of conjunctions, which provides important information reference for students to complete the next collaborative task, writing skills, vivid language materials and expressions.1. Teach Ss to learn and skillfully use the new words learned from the text.2. Develop students’ ability to understand, extract and summarize information.3. Guide students to understand the theme of healthy diet and reflect on their own eating habits.4. To guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc., 5. Enable Ss to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.1. Guide students to analyze and understand the reading discourse from the aspects of theme content, writing structure, language expression, etc.2. Enable them to write in combination with relevant topics and opinions, and to talk about their eating habits.3. Guide the students to use the cohesive words correctly, strengthen the textual cohesion, and make the expression fluent and the thinking clear.Step1: Warming upbrainstorm some healthy eating habits.1.Eat slowly.2.Don’t eat too much fat or sugar.3.Eat healthy food.4.Have a balanced diet.Step2: Read the passage and then sum up the main idea of each paragraph.
The theme of this section is to express people's views on studying abroad. With the continuous development of Chinese economic construction, especially the general improvement of people's living standards, the number of Chinese students studying abroad at their own expense is on the rise. Many students and parents turn their attention to the world and regard studying abroad as an effective way to improve their quality, broaden their horizons and master the world's advanced scientific knowledge, which is very important for the fever of going abroad. Studying abroad is also an important decision made by a family for their children. Therefore, it is of great social significance to discuss this issue. The theme of this section is the column discussion in the newspaper: the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad. The discourse is about two parents' contribution letters on this issue. They respectively express their own positions. One thinks that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages, and the other thinks that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The two parents' arguments are well founded and logical. It is worth noting that the two authors do not express their views on studying abroad from an individual point of view, but from a national or even global point of view. These two articles have the characteristics of both letters and argumentative essays1.Guide the students to read these two articles, and understand the author's point of view and argument ideas2.Help the students to summarize the structure and writing methods of argumentative writing, and guides students to correctly understand the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad3.Cultivate students' ability to analyze problems objectively, comprehensively and deeply
? B: Absolutely! Getting involved with Chinese cultural activities there definitely helped a lot. I got to practice my Chinese on a daily basis, and I could learn how native Chinese speakers spoke.? A: What do you feel is your biggest achievement?? B: Learning Chinese characters! I have learnt about 1,500 so far. When I first started, I didn't think it was even going to be possible to learn so many, but now I find that I can read signs, menus, and even some easy newspaper articles.? A: What are you most keen on?? B: I've really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese characters, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way. ? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? I have really become keen on learning more about the Chinese culture, in particular Chinese Calligraphy. As I have learnt Chinese character, I have developed a great appreciation for their meaning. I want to explore Chinese characters by learning how to write them in a more beautiful way.? A: Finally, what do you want to say to anyone interested in learning Chinese?? B: I'd say, give it a shot! While some aspects may be difficult, it is quite rewarding and you will be happy that you tried.? A: Thanks for your time. ? B:You're welcome.
1. How is Hunan cuisine somewhat different from Sichuan cuisine?The heat in Sichuan cuisine comes from chilies and Sichuan peppercorns. Human cuisine is often hotter and the heat comes from just chilies.2.What are the reasons why Hunan people like spicy food?Because they are a bold people. But many Chinese people think that hot food helps them overcome the effects of rainy or wet weather.3.Why do so many people love steamed fish head covered with chilies?People love it because the meat is quite tender and there are very few small bones.4.Why does Tingting recommend bridge tofu instead of dry pot duck with golden buns?Because bridge tofu has a lighter taste.5 .Why is red braised pork the most famous dish?Because Chairman Mao was from Hunan, and this was his favorite food.Step 5: Instruct students to make a short presentation to the class about your choice. Use the example and useful phrases below to help them.? In groups of three, discuss what types of restaurant you would like to take a foreign visitor to, and why. Then take turns role-playing taking your foreign guest to the restaurant you have chosen. One of you should act as the foreign guest, one as the Chinese host, and one as the waiter or waitress. You may start like this:? EXAMPLE? A: I really love spicy food, so what dish would you recommend?? B: I suggest Mapo tofu.? A: Really ? what's that?
This section guides students to pay attention to the typical context of vocabulary use, helps students accumulate vocabulary around the key vocabulary of this unit, and uses the learned words and word chunks in different contexts to deeply understand their meaning and usage, so as to achieve the purpose of review and consolidation.The teaching design activities aim to guide students to pay attention to the typical context in which the target vocabulary is used, as well as the common vocabulary used in collocation, so that students can complete the sentence with correct words. In terms of vocabulary learning strategies, this unit focuses on cultivating students' ability to pay attention to collocation of words and to use word blocks to express meaning.For vocabulary learning, it is not enough just to know the meaning of a single word, but the most important thing is to master the common collocations of words, namely word blocks.Teachers should timely guide students to summarize common vocabulary collocation, such as verb and noun collocation, verb and preposition collocation, preposition and noun collocation, and so on.1. Guide students to understand and consolidate the meaning and usage of the vocabulary in the context, 2. Guide the students to use the unit topic vocabulary in a richer context3. Let the students sort out and accumulate the accumulated vocabulary, establishes the semantic connection between the vocabulary,4. Enable students to understand and master the vocabulary more effectivelyGuiding the Ss to use unit topic words and the sentence patterns in a richer context.