知識(shí)和技能 1.了解人類活動(dòng)對(duì)生物圈影響的幾個(gè)方面的實(shí)例。 2.掌握環(huán)境污染的產(chǎn)生及危害。 3.舉例說明人類對(duì)生物圈中資源的合理利用。 過程與方法 1.能初步學(xué)會(huì)收集資料,養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,能夠運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)、技能分析和解決一些身邊的生物學(xué)問題的能力。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生初步具有近一步獲取課本以外的生物學(xué)信息的能力。 情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀 1.讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性,能夠以科學(xué)的態(tài)度去認(rèn)識(shí)生命世界,認(rèn)同人類活動(dòng)對(duì)生物圈的影響,形成環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí),并使這種意識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變成真正的行動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生保護(hù)環(huán)境的意識(shí),增強(qiáng)愛國主義思想1.認(rèn)同人類活動(dòng)對(duì)生物圈的影響,形成環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí) 2.做到從實(shí)際行動(dòng)出發(fā)保護(hù)環(huán)境1.采取讓學(xué)生收集資料,整理資料,解疑
我榮幸地以中華民族一員的資格,而成為世界公民。我是中國人民的兒子。我深情地愛著我的祖國和人民。 ——鄧小平一個(gè)人只要熱愛自己的祖國,有一顆愛國之心,就什么事情都能解決。什么苦楚,什么冤屈都受得了。 ——冰心做人最大的事情是什么呢?就是要知道怎么樣愛國。 ——孫中山能夠獻(xiàn)身于自己祖國的事業(yè),為實(shí)現(xiàn)理想而斗爭,這是最光榮不過的事情了?!獏怯裾峦鈬鴲蹏允纠何覀?yōu)樽鎳?wù),也不能都采用同一方式,每個(gè)人應(yīng)該按照資稟,各盡所能?!璧驴v使世界給我珍寶和榮譽(yù),我也不愿離開我的祖國。因?yàn)榭v使我的祖國在恥辱之中,我還是喜歡、熱愛、祝福我的祖國。 ——裴多菲我重視祖國的利益,甚于自己的生命和我所珍愛的兒女。 ——莎士比亞我無論做什么,始終在想著,只要我的精力允許我的話,我就要首先為我的祖國服務(wù)。 ——巴甫洛夫
1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)語文的興趣,感悟生活處處皆語文的道理。2.了解招牌、廣告詞和對(duì)聯(lián)。3.按興趣分組,制定活動(dòng)計(jì)劃。 一、導(dǎo)入新課師:同學(xué)們,我們學(xué)習(xí)語文都有哪些途徑呢?(生:課本、課堂。)除此之外,老師認(rèn)為還可以通過以下途徑來學(xué)習(xí)語文。從媒體中學(xué)語文——網(wǎng)絡(luò)用語、手機(jī)短信、歌詞等;從名字中學(xué)語文——人名、地名等;向群眾學(xué)語文——俗語、諺語、歇后語等;從傳統(tǒng)文化中學(xué)語文——對(duì)聯(lián)……從廣告中學(xué)語文——商業(yè)廣告、公益廣告…… 師:無論是讀書看報(bào)、與人聊天,還是聽相聲、看電視、逛商場,只要留心觀察,隨時(shí)注意語言現(xiàn)象,總會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與語文有關(guān)的問題。書本上、電視上、報(bào)紙上滿是漢字。大街上的招牌、廣告、門對(duì)等全都充滿語文氣息。語文學(xué)習(xí)不能局限于課堂與書本,生活處處有語文。今天,我們就來開展綜合性學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)“我的語文生活”,看看怎樣在生活中學(xué)習(xí)語文。
本環(huán)節(jié)旨在通過展示、評(píng)價(jià)踐行“孝親敬老”的活動(dòng)成果,深化 “孝”的境界,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生回報(bào)家人、關(guān)愛他人的美德。展示過程中,學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)能力、誦讀能力、搜集和整理資料的能力、寫作能力得到了提升,同時(shí)也增強(qiáng)了自信心。二、談“孝”心1.在這為期一周的踐行“孝”的活動(dòng)中,你有哪些體會(huì)和感受?請(qǐng)與大家分享。(生小組內(nèi)交流,小組代表發(fā)言)預(yù)設(shè) 示例一:在這次踐行“孝”的活動(dòng)中,我做了許多表達(dá)孝心的事情,從中體會(huì)到了父母工作的艱辛、賺錢的不易,更能體諒他們了。我也了解到平時(shí)我不經(jīng)意說的話傷害了父母,讓父母擔(dān)憂難過了?,F(xiàn)在我與父母之間的關(guān)系變得更加融洽,父母對(duì)我的一些事情也能夠理解了,我發(fā)現(xiàn)只要我們對(duì)父母多一些尊重和理解,他們就會(huì)非常開心。示例二:我在采訪爺爺奶奶時(shí),了解到祖輩們的人生經(jīng)歷和具體事跡,被他們身上的一些精神品質(zhì)所感動(dòng),更加欽佩他們了。這次的采訪活動(dòng)增強(qiáng)了我與家人之間的溝通,增進(jìn)了我與家人之間的情感交流,也讓我進(jìn)一步了解了我們家族的一些歷史,讓我有了為家族努力奮斗的使命感。
2.1Match the country with the language.Step II Reading3a? let the students read the letter fast and answer the questions.? Let the students ask more questions about the letter as possible as the can.Step III Writing3b.Step IV. Pairwork2cStep V Listening2a, 2bStep V. HomeworkExercises book(1) P3Exercises book (2) P3Period FourStep I . Dictate the words and sentences in Unit1.Step II. Self-checkStep III. Check the answers for Exercises book in the unit.Step IV. Home workRevise and preparation for unit 2.教學(xué)反思:通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生基本可以談?wù)撊藗兊膰幼〕鞘屑捌渌f的語言,通過書信方式去介紹自己并尋找筆友。但在涉及到國外的一些城市時(shí),學(xué)生對(duì)這方面的知識(shí)相對(duì)欠缺,能介紹的城市并不多,也反應(yīng)出學(xué)生課前預(yù)習(xí)不充分,這跟學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)條件也有關(guān),大多數(shù)學(xué)生無法通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取所需信息。因此,在以后的教學(xué)中要多指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息,拓寬知識(shí)面。
Teaching Goal:1. General aims:Talk about recent past events2. Particular aims:A. Language Focus.Talk about recent past events and think of the past events.B. Language goalsHow was….?It was …What did …do over the weekend?C. Language structures:(1). How was your weekend? I was great. Pay attention to no form.(2). What did you do over the weekend? I played soccer. We went to the beach.D. Useful words and phrases:Words: was, did, went, beach, over, project, test, wasn’t, false, number, geography, spend, week, most, mixture, their, had, little, cook, read, saw, change, everyone, sit, sat, no, anythingPhrases: did one’s homework, played soccer, cleaned my room, went to the beach, played tennis, went to the movies, on Saturday morning, over the weekend, cook … for, what about, do some reading, have a party, talk show, go shoppingE. Grammar language:Present simple past tenseRegular and irregular verbsF. Learning strategies:Tour and holidaysG. Interdiscipinary:H. Emotion and manner:Teaching time: 5 periodsTeaching procedures:Period One教學(xué)步驟、時(shí)間 教師活動(dòng) 學(xué)生活動(dòng) 媒體應(yīng)用Step 1Free talk 3’ Ask some questions like:Who’s on duty today?What’s the weather like? Answer and talk about something.讓同學(xué)們回答下列問題1. Do you like weekend? (Let some students answer)It takes them three minutes to talk about the question.2. Why do you like weekend? (let the students answer) Most of the students like the weekend此時(shí)教師用漢語問:“在周末期間問你干了什么?這句話用英語這么回答?Let the students guess.At last the teacher give them right answer3. What did you do over the weekend?(板書、學(xué)習(xí))
所需要用到的句子:Who is that?That is Jack. I like him.Why do you like him?I like him because he is interesting.Task 4: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類Step one: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中的人類的外貌。把全班同學(xué)分成若干小組,學(xué)生可以邊說邊在紙上畫出他們的模樣。Step two: 設(shè)計(jì)理想中人類的性格。學(xué)生們可以把那些能描述性格的單詞寫在圖畫的旁邊。Step three: 每組選出一名同學(xué),其他同組同學(xué)提問,他作簡單回答,并說明原因。所需用到的句子:What does he or she look like?He or she ...What is he or she like?He or she is ...Why?Because ...Task 5: 挑戰(zhàn)性活動(dòng)調(diào)查性格是天生的還是后天形成的,讓每個(gè)同學(xué)回家去調(diào)查一下自己成長過程中性格是否有變化,具體是怎樣的,為什么會(huì)這樣? Teaching Aims:1. Enable students to have a general understanding of how to talk about people's physical appearance.2. Enable students to tackle some essential vocabularies and patterns about describing people. Provide them with necessary skills and methods.3. Create various chances for students to describe the persons they're familiar with, such as classmates, family members, teachers, idols, etc.
Period 2 (3a----Section B 2c)Preview(Pre-task): Key points: What laAdd another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardnguage does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Preview(Pre-task): Add another information about their pen pals----their language on the cardKey points: What language does she/he speak?She/He speaks....Does she/he have any brothers and sisters? Does she/he speak English?Step 1 Revision1.Revisionand dictation of the new words 2.Revise the drills they learned yesterday.(by pairwork and grammar exercise)Step 2 Leading-inT has a conversation with one student. The conversation is following:---Do you have a pen pal?---Yes, I do.---What's your pen pal's name? ---His/Her name is....---Where is your pen pal from? ---He/She is from...---Where does he/she live? ---He/She lives in....---What language does he/she speak?He/She speaks...Write the new words on the Bb. They are following: EnglishChineseJapaneseFrenchStep 3 LearnLearn the new words with the whole class.Finish 3a with the students3b Pairwork T still does an example with one student Then the Ss practise in pairs. The example is following:--Curry Muray is my pen pal. He is from the United States.---What language does he speak?
Don’t fight. =You can’t fight. (板書,教讀)教師把這些句子板書在黑板上,并請(qǐng)學(xué)生大聲整齊地讀祈使句和“can’t”句型,并讓學(xué)生注意兩種句型表達(dá)形式的不同和轉(zhuǎn)換,“Don’t …=You can’t…”;并對(duì)學(xué)生說:These are our school rules. (板書,教讀) You can’t break the school rules. Don’t break the school rules.(板書,教讀)步驟3 :Practicea. T: Now, each of the students is breaking one of these rules.Please finish 1a.學(xué)生看圖,完成1a的內(nèi)容,檢查答案并大聲朗讀校規(guī)。b. 聽錄音,完成1b,選出四位學(xué)生都違反了哪條校規(guī);聽之前,學(xué)生要讀會(huì)英文名。c. 請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生朗讀1c部分的句型;要求學(xué)生兩人一組對(duì)話表演,SA扮演外校轉(zhuǎn)來新生,SB告知本校校規(guī)。(學(xué)生可經(jīng)過討論,多說出他們想到的校規(guī),不必只限于書上;教師應(yīng)給予幫助)2) 第二課時(shí)(2a~4)步驟1 :warming up of revisionT: What are the rules at your school?學(xué)生使用“can”或祈使句表達(dá)各條校規(guī);其中老師可引出“eat in the cafeteria outside”的表達(dá)。步驟2 :Practicea.T: Christina is an exchange student. She doesn’t know the rules. Let’s listen, what activities they’re talking about?學(xué)生聽第一遍時(shí),完成2a;第二遍時(shí),完成2b;b. 請(qǐng)學(xué)生領(lǐng)讀2c部分,看著2a完成的表格,理解2c活動(dòng)的要求;分成小組針對(duì)2a進(jìn)行問答;
三、教學(xué)建議第一課時(shí):1. Lead in (Vocabulary)A) Before class, teacher should collect some pictures of working places. For example: Bank, TV Station, Restaurant, Police Station, Hospital ...B) In class, show students the pictures (PowerPoint, OHP). Ask students to tell the name of the working places and the name of the jobs.Shop assistant, doctor, actor, reporter, police office, waiter, bank clerk, studentC) Do exercise 1a and 3a.2. Bingo GameAsk groups of students to make up pairs of cards with a job on one and the related workplace on the other. For example, waiter / restaurant, teacher / school, doctor / hospital. Encourage students to use both the job / workplace combinations in the book and the ones that students came up during class discussions. Be sure they have twice as many sets of cards as there are students in the group. They can make two sets of cards for a single job / workplace, if necessary. Then have each group mix up its set of cards and hand their cards out in random order. Each time a student gets a pair of cards that match, he or she can lay these cards down. The goal is to have no cards in your hand at the end.3. Task OneA) Ask students to work in pairs and ask the partner what does he / she want to be in the future.e. g. :What do you / does he / does she want to be?I want to be a.Why?Because it's (adj).B) Vocabulary: Section B, 1a4. Homework 1.2.
1 Each group choose one place to describe and what you are doing in it Choose one place, and describe what they are doing 2 Move around the room and give suggestions Talk about it and write it down 3 Ask one to show their works and act it Choose one of each group to make a report 4 Evaluate the best group and the best reporter Choose the best one Homework Ask your friends their ideal place and write about it教學(xué)反思:新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生在課堂中的主體地位,在綜合課中他們的主體地位就更加突出。在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。同時(shí)讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。教案點(diǎn)評(píng):采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)模式,在各個(gè)活動(dòng)中給不同程度的學(xué)生不同層次的任務(wù),讓各層面的學(xué)生都有表現(xiàn)發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì),從而產(chǎn)生對(duì)英語的興趣。使用照片圖片多媒體來輔助教學(xué),效果更好。讓了解其他國家風(fēng)景,風(fēng)俗的同學(xué)介紹ideal place,增加學(xué)生的背景知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)跨學(xué)科交流的目的。
五、教學(xué)Section B-2c1. Pair work: What do you think of the belt/sunglasses/…? What does your father/mother/… think of your scarf/belt…?2. Group work(1). Teacher shows some different kinds of school uniforms (制服)and asks : “ What do you think of your school uniforms? If you have a chance to choose your school uniforms, what kind would you like to choose?”(2). Discuss in groups.(3).Get some Ss to report in class.說明:這一步旨在讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用已有的語言知識(shí)談?wù)搶?duì)事物的看法和意見,并簡單闡明理由,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的主動(dòng)思維能力和運(yùn)用英語的能力。六、教學(xué)拓展調(diào)查電視節(jié)目的收視率任務(wù):調(diào)查你周圍的人對(duì)現(xiàn)在各種電視節(jié)目的反響?;顒?dòng)過程:1.教師布置任務(wù),讓學(xué)生調(diào)查周圍的人(包括他的親戚朋友和鄰居)喜歡收看哪方面的電視節(jié)目。2.學(xué)生進(jìn)行調(diào)查活動(dòng),運(yùn)用本單元所學(xué)的句型What do you think of….? (Why?)What's your favorite game shows?What do you think of talk show?I doesn’t mind it.I like it.I love it.I can’t stand it.3.記錄下排在前10位的TV Program,填寫調(diào)查表,比較其收視率。
句型: Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp.Did she go to Central Park?Yes,she did.No, she didn’t語法:一般過去時(shí)特殊疑問句、一般疑問句及肯、否定回答。課時(shí)安排4課時(shí)第一課時(shí):Section A:la,1b,lc,2a,2b,2c 第二課時(shí):Section A:3a,3b,4第三課時(shí):Section B:1,2a,2b,2c第四課時(shí):Section B:3a,3b,3c,4 and Self Check第一課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握描寫假期生活的形容詞。假期里自己所做事情的簡單表達(dá)。談?wù)摷倨谧龅氖虑榧爱?dāng)時(shí)情況。談?wù)摷倨跁r(shí)旅游的天氣,旅游者以及食物等。教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入播放一首英文歌曲:Let’s travel 說明:通過讓學(xué)生聽節(jié)奏歡快迪斯尼英語歌曲Let’s travel.引入本節(jié)課談?wù)摰脑掝}vacation and travel. 讓歌曲使學(xué)生的思維活躍,增強(qiáng)課堂氣氛,激發(fā)學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的興趣。T:How is the trip ?Ss : It’s pretty good/ happy/exciting /relaxing/busy/dangerous/ fantastic說明:這個(gè)問題是為了操練形容詞。建議讓多個(gè)Ss作答。鼓勵(lì)他們用不同的形容詞。上述個(gè)別形容詞本應(yīng)在第二課時(shí)中出現(xiàn),但可以在warming-up中第一次非正式出現(xiàn)。這些形容詞也可在老師的評(píng)價(jià)語中適時(shí)出現(xiàn),以加深學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯的印象。
單元整體說明(一)單元教材分析本單元的核心話題是描述動(dòng)物和表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好,以及句式why do you like…? Because…。這也是本單元的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。通過本單元的學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生應(yīng)能較流利地運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和句型描述動(dòng)物,表達(dá)個(gè)人喜好。(二)單元知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)1.詞匯動(dòng)物名稱 tiger, elephant, koala, dolphin, etc.詞匯描述性形容詞: smart, cute, ugly, clever, shy, etc.國家名: Australia, South Africa2.句型Why do you like koala hears? Because they are cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(三)單元整體目標(biāo)1.Master the vocabulary2.Master and use: Why do you like koalas? Because they am cute.Where are pandas from? They're from China.What animals do you like? I like dolphins.(四)單元教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)一覽(五)單元學(xué)情分析學(xué)生此前已經(jīng)學(xué)過由why, where, what 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句句型,具有了學(xué)習(xí)本單元知識(shí)的認(rèn)知前提。形形色色的動(dòng)物能激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心,產(chǎn)生了解它們的欲望,這有利于本單元知識(shí)的教學(xué)和學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的培養(yǎng)。
教學(xué)過程Step 1: warming-up Sing a song---------“food and drink” Step 2: Revision1 Dictation2 Revise: What kind of noodles would you like?I’d like …What size bowl of noodles would you like?I’d like…Step 3: Presentation1 show pictures of food, ask students say the words.2 Students read the newspaper ad in 3a. Fill in blanks with words in the box. Then read the ad together, the teacher explains some difficult language points.3 Check the answers Step 4 PracticeAsk students to finish 3b in the same way according to 3a. Students read the short passage and fill in the blanks .At last, check the answers.Step 5 productionAsk students to write their own ad for dumplings, noodles, drinks, and other foods they know. Then ask students to read their partner’s ad. Then order food and drink from their partner.Step 6 Home workGroup work – make an ad about “food and drink”
四、品讀揣摩詩歌情志1.讀出意境畫面。師:請(qǐng)同學(xué)們以小組為單位,齊聲朗讀詩歌,然后合作交流,探究下面問題。(1)詩人用了哪些意象來表現(xiàn)晚春景色?詩人用了什么手法來寫晚春景物?取得了怎樣的藝術(shù)效果?(2)詩歌一、二句寫出了怎樣的晚春景致?請(qǐng)同學(xué)們用自己的語言描繪出來。(3)詩的三、四句意蘊(yùn)深刻,為歷代傳誦。請(qǐng)從修辭手法的角度對(duì)這兩句詩進(jìn)行賞析。(生齊讀后,小組交流、討論問題,師指導(dǎo)明確)預(yù)設(shè) (1)詩人用了草樹、楊花、榆莢等意象表現(xiàn)晚春景色。一個(gè)“斗”字,運(yùn)用擬人的修辭手法,把花朵人格化,形象生動(dòng)地寫出了晚春時(shí)節(jié)花草樹木爭芳斗艷的美麗景象。花草樹木仿佛都有了情思,有了個(gè)性,成了精靈,使描繪的晚春景致生動(dòng)而有情趣。
師小結(jié):《己亥雜詩》(其五)抒發(fā)了詩人離京南返的無盡愁緒,也表達(dá)出詩人雖已辭官,仍決心為國效力、奉獻(xiàn)終生的決心,以及對(duì)國家民族的那份執(zhí)著摯愛之情。全詩寄情于物,形象貼切,渾然一體,感人至深。【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】本環(huán)節(jié)運(yùn)用知人論世的方法,巧妙地將詩歌和寫作背景糅合在一起,讓學(xué)生逐步深入地理解詩人的情感和志趣。五、總結(jié)存儲(chǔ)1.教師總結(jié)。本課學(xué)習(xí)了兩首詩,讓我們又獲得了新的教益。《游山西村》中的名句“山重水復(fù)疑無路,柳暗花明又一村”讓我們明白了在困境中堅(jiān)持下去,也許會(huì)出現(xiàn)令人豁然開朗的轉(zhuǎn)變,世間事物是消長變化的?!都汉ルs詩》(其五)中的名句“落紅不是無情物,化作春泥更護(hù)花”讓我們感受到作者的愛國憂民、無私奉獻(xiàn)精神。希望同學(xué)們能熱愛傳統(tǒng)文化,熱愛古代的詩歌藝術(shù),讓這些經(jīng)典文化伴你們健康成長。2.布置作業(yè)。(1)背誦并用楷書工整、規(guī)范地默寫這兩首詩。(2)選擇感受最深的一首,發(fā)揮想象,寫成一篇文章。(500字左右)。
二、升格訓(xùn)練師:大文豪曹雪芹寫《紅樓夢(mèng)》是“披閱十載,增刪五次”,可見修改是寫作獲得成功的必然環(huán)節(jié),很多文學(xué)名家對(duì)此也深有感觸。這些古今中外的作家,都向我們推薦了一種修改文章的好方法——朗讀修改法。結(jié)合你自己的寫作經(jīng)驗(yàn),你覺得大聲朗讀可以發(fā)現(xiàn)習(xí)作中的哪些問題?預(yù)設(shè) 如有些詞語聽起來不順耳,有些句子讀起來不順口,有些段落缺少過渡,或前后意思重復(fù),有些地方表達(dá)不清楚,有些修辭手法的運(yùn)用欠妥,有些標(biāo)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)用不規(guī)范等,這些問題都能夠在朗讀中發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.再改隨筆。師:之前修改寫景隨筆,用的是默讀修改法,這次換作朗讀修改法,會(huì)不會(huì)有新的收獲呢?請(qǐng)大家朗讀病文,然后小組討論:文中還有哪些用詞不恰當(dāng)、語句不連貫的地方,找出來并進(jìn)行修改,使之文從字順。(生朗讀隨筆,修改后交流討論并展示)預(yù)設(shè) (1)“有什么輕柔的東西拂到臉上,細(xì)細(xì)的”,可以把“輕柔的”改成疊詞“柔柔的”,放到后面,和“細(xì)細(xì)的”并列,這樣讀起來音律感要好些。
師小結(jié):以簡代繁,是讓語言簡明的又一方法。除了常用的人稱可以替代,還可以對(duì)不必要的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概述,以達(dá)到簡明的效果。替代的詞句要巧,既要簡潔,又不能改變?cè)?。由此我們可以總結(jié)出語言簡明的另一種方法:“語言簡明”的方法:④巧用替代法——善于概括,巧用指代。師補(bǔ)充:漢語是一種非常豐富的語言,它的許多表達(dá)形式都是以簡明為原則而形成的,像成語、簡稱、緊縮句、合說等。我們?cè)谶\(yùn)用語言時(shí),可以適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用這些表達(dá)形式,使語言達(dá)到簡明。需要注意的是,簡明與否不能單純以字?jǐn)?shù)多少為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),要從語言表達(dá)的需要出發(fā),當(dāng)簡則簡,當(dāng)繁則繁。不能為了“簡”而影響“明”,甚至讓人產(chǎn)生誤解。歸納這節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生將其內(nèi)化為自身的語言意識(shí)并參與寫作實(shí)踐,學(xué)以致用,訓(xùn)練使語言“簡明”的能力,培養(yǎng)良好的寫作習(xí)慣。
師:(出示瀑布圖片)同學(xué)們,望著眼前的瀑布,我不禁想到了唐代大詩人李白的著名詩句:飛流直下三千尺,疑是銀河落九天。自然界的瀑布真是氣勢(shì)恢宏。今天我們將要欣賞另外一種瀑布,那就是花的瀑布。(出示紫藤蘿圖片,兩圖對(duì)照)盛開的紫藤蘿真是一片輝煌的淡紫色,從空中垂下,不見其發(fā)端,也不見其終極,難怪作者說是紫藤蘿瀑布。今天,我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)代女作家宗璞的散文《紫藤蘿瀑布》。(板書文題)【設(shè)計(jì)意圖】本環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)由瀑布圖片引入紫藤蘿圖片,在類比中讓學(xué)生感受紫藤蘿瀑布的美?,并思考作者為何將紫藤蘿與瀑布聯(lián)想到一起,二者有何相似之處。二、整體感知——梳理思路1.師范讀課文,生完成任務(wù)。(1)圈出文中的易錯(cuò)生字,并標(biāo)注拼音,注意字形。(2)思考:作者描繪了哪幾幅紫藤蘿畫面?