When it comes to the students’ studying methods, I'd like to introduce my Ss first. The Ss have a good command of basic language points. They’re interested in learning English, and they take an active part in English class, so they will have fun in autonomous, cooperative and inquiry learning. I will just serve as a guide, showing them the way to explore how to make more progress in their English learning.Now it’s time for the most important stage of this lesson. My teaching procedures are arranged as follows:Step1.Leading-in (3 minute)Play a video of a wide variety of wildlife to introduce my topic. Step2. Speaking (12 minutes)We will use our textbook Page25. Let the Ss fast read the short paragraph to warm up. Ask them to talk about the report on some endangered wildlife in China with the dialogue patterns on the screen. Lastly, I will invite some groups to demonstrate their dialogues about saving wildlife in China.Step3.English play (3 minutes)Watch another video in praise of their excellent performance just now. It’s about Jack Chen’s(成龍)and Yang Ziqiong’s wildlife protection.Step4. Listening (twice 13 minutes)This time, I’ll ask the Ss to fill in the blanks of the monologue of the 2 movie stars above. Step5.Discussion (3 minutes)Which would you like to choose to wear, clothes made of cotton, artificial leather or animal skins? Why ?Step6. Summary (3 minutes)1. If there were no wildlife, there wouldn’t exist human beings. If the buying stops, the killing can, too.2. Animals are our friends. To love animals is to love ourselves. Stop hunting, killing and destroying wildlife.3. Let’s live in harmony with all the living things in the world. Step7. Music appreciation (3 minutes)Let the Ss appreciate the song Earth Song by Michael Jackson. Last but not the least, I will show you my blackboard design.
Then I would ask them to think of a funny English or Chinese and tell it to partners. While telling stories, they can use expressions and some acting to help make the story funny. 5 minutes would be given to do this.Those stories they told there will be the material for their writing. Soletting them tell it at first is helpful. And they can make a difference between telling a funny story and writing it down. Generally speaking, it is difficult forstudents to write well because they don’t know what to write and how to write. Asking them to tell their own stories at first can help them come up with what to write.After their telling, I would invite someone to share his/her story with all of us and I would write it down on the blackboard.This example story would be used as a sample to illustrate the format of funny story. Different from a story from teacher or textbook, a story from students can obviously become a interesting material to draw students’ attention.Then I would ask the whole class to put this story into several parts. It might be a little bit difficult for them. So I would ask them to find out whether all the sentences are necessary. After delete some sentences, there are 6 sentences left behind. Then they can easily put them into three parts. After interaction with students, I would teach them the right terms for each part and conclude the format of funny story.This step is the key and difficult point in my lesson. So I mainly usetask-based teaching method in this part and the task for students was divided into several stages. With the separated difficult level, students can find there are usually three parts in writing. They can also learn to write without the unnecessary parts in the process of analyzing. And then I wouldn’t rush to tell them the right terms to them directly. Instead, I would ask them to name them by their own. A confused mind is better for acquiring knowledge.While-writing:Then I would give students 7 minutes to write down this story, without other requirements.With all the preparations in pre-writing, students’ difficulties were cleared. So it would be much easier for them to write down the story within 7 minutes. There are no other requirements because students’ first writing is actually a drafting. It would be revise and edit several times later. Writing, as a skill
Good morning, distinguished judges:It’s my honor to talk about my teaching ideas with you. Today my topic is Women of Achievement. My presentation consists of six parts: the analysis of teaching material and student, teaching aims, key and difficult points, teaching and studying method, teaching procedures and blackboard design.First, let’s focus on the analysis of teaching material. This lesson is from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 4 Unit 1, the reading part. The main topic of the passage is the introduction of a student of Africanwildlife. After this lesson, the students will learn more information about her studying chimps in Africa, and their reading and speaking abilities can be developed as well.The next part is the analysis of students. My students are in senior high students. They have learnt English for many years, they’ve known many words and sentences, but their speaking and reading abilities are still not very good. So I will practice their speaking and reading abilities through different exercises.According to the New Standard Curriculum and the present situation, I set the teaching aims as follows: firstly, knowledge aims. Students can grasp some new words, such as worthwhile, move off. Moreover, students can understand the content of the passage and get familiar with the topic of studying chimps in wildlife. Secondly, ability aims. Students can use reading strategies such as skimming and scanning in reading process. Thirdly, emotional aims. Students can have the awareness of protecting animals and care about animals.Based on the above analysis, the key point of this lesson is to get the main idea and the detailed information from the passage; the difficult point is to talk about the wildlife protection and use reading strategies.
Teaching plan for Unit 1 book3Good morning, teachers. It’s my great pleasure to be here because I can share my lesson with you and I can learn a lot from it. I’ll begin my lesson from the following four parts, the teaching material, the teaching methods, the studying methods and the teaching procedure.Firstly, let me talk about the teaching material. The content of my lesson is the reading passage festivals and celebrations of Unit 1 Festivals around the world. This passage is about festivals and celebrations. By studying this passage, we’ll enable the students to know that festivals exit everywhere, and many of festivals in different countries celebrate similar ideas. As we all know, the reading passage is the center of each unit. If the Ss can learn it well, it will be helpful to make the Ss learn the rest of this unit.After studying the teaching material, I think the teaching aims are as the followings:1. Knowledge aims:(1) The Ss can master the usage of the important words andexpressions.(2)The Ss can use the __________________ (grammar) in the proper situation.Make students know about the festivals all over the world and the detail of the festivals, such as origin, content, and the date of the holiday festivals.2. Ability aims:(1) Students can talk about festivals and celebrations in English(2) To improve the student’s reading ability, especially their skimming and scanning ability.3. Emotion aims:Make the Ss know about the foreign festivals, and respect other countries’ custom.Next, let’s come to the important points and the difficult points.The important point is how to make the Ss understand the text better and the difficult point is how can they talk about it. secondly, Teaching Methods:1. task-based Language Teaching2. Computer assisted language teaching.3. question-and–answer methodThirdly, Studying Methods:
Language learning needs a context, which can help the learners to understand the language and then can product comprehensible output, so computer has the advantages to make the materials attractive.Part 3 Learning MethodsTask-based, self-dependent and cooperative learningPart 4 Teaching ProcedureStep One Lead-in“Interest is the best teacher.” Therefore, at the very beginning of the class, I should spark the students’ mind to focus on the centre topic “the band”. I’ll show some pictures of food to attract their attention and then bring some questions.Question:What kind of food they like?What should go into a good meal?The answers must relate to the diet. After this, the students will be eager to know something about a balance diet and this is the very time to naturally lead the class into Step 2Step 2 Reading for information: skimming and scanning In this step, I use Task-based Language Teaching method, which can give students a clear and specific purpose while skimming and scanning the context.Task 1 General ideaThe students will be asked to just glance at the title and the pictures of the passage, and then guess what they will read in the text. And they’ll be divided into groups of four to have a discussion.The purpose is to inspire the students to read actively, not passively. In addition, the task is to develop the students’ reading skill by making prediction and to encourage the students to express their thoughts in English and cooperate with each other.Task 2 Main idea of each paragraphCooperative learning can raise the students’ interest and create an atmosphere of achievement. Based on this theory, I divide the whole class into 4 groups to skim the whole text and get the main idea of each paragraph.
Knowledge objectives:(1) to make Ss grasp the usage of words, expressions and sentence structures: statistics, struggle, thanks to, rid of, some patterns for persuasion, the “ing” form as subject and object;(2)to use learnt knowledge to persuade sb.Ability objectives:(1) to develop Ss’ reading skills(skimming, scanning, word guessing);(2) to improve Ss’ speaking, communicating and cooperating skills.Emotional objectives:to make Ss know the contribution of Yuan,and learn his spirit and his simple life time.Teaching important and difficult points:(1) some words, expressions and sentence structures mentioned above;(2)the content of the text;(3)training their reading and speaking skills.Teaching methods: CLT, TBLT,QT.Learning strategies: CLS, QLS, TBLS.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead-in: (1) teacher plays a piece of recent news from CCTV about the harvest of the super hybrid rice, and ask students whether they know Yuan or not, and talk about him and his contribution.(2)Brain storm: let Ss describe Yuan in their minds including his appearance, his living condition and so on.Step 2 fast reading tasks:(1)teacher introduces Yuan and super hybrid rice(2)make Ss read the text as fast as possible with questions. Such as: what’s the general ideaof this passage? What’s Yuan’ dream? (skimming and scanning skill)Step 3 intensive reading tasks(1)let Ss read the text silently, find topic sentence of each paragraph and draw the difficult sentences and the knowledge what they don’t understand.(words guessing)(2)teacher and Ss talk about the important words, expressions and sentences together, and ask Ss to retell the content of the text.(summarizing and paraphrasing)(3)teacher summarize this part.(4) read again following the courseware.
In this class, I have 3 teaching aims, that is, knowledge aims, ability aims and emotion aims.1) Knowledge-Teach students new words and expressions, such as temporary, bleed,sprain choke, first aid, fall ill and so on.-Enable students to have a better understanding for some basic knowledge of first aid.2) Ability-Train students’ speaking, reading and writing abilities by different teaching activities, such as skimming, comprehending, team work, role play, retelling and writing.-Develop students’ reading strategy on how to move general idea to specific information.3) Emotion-Promote students’ awareness of giving first aid.- Cultivate students’ creativities.Then let’s come to my teaching methods and activities.III. Teaching methods and activities:To achieve different teaching aims, various kinds of teaching methods and activities will be adopted throughout this period, such as TBL (task-based learning), skimming, team work, brainstorm and others, which can offer students opportunities to fulfill tasks in which they can use language to achieve a specific outcome.IV. Teaching aids:Computer and blackboardV. Teaching important points:1) Make students have a clear mind for the structure of the text.2) Help students understand the theme of the text.VI. Teaching difficulties:1) So many new words may affect students’ understanding.2) How to get students to know about the functions of the skin and thecauses, characteristics and treatments for different degree burns,and the knowledge about giving first aid. VII. Blackboard design:
通過寫文章梗概,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力,學(xué)習(xí)用恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z(yǔ)描述科學(xué)家的故事。這是本課的教學(xué)難點(diǎn)。教師可以使用完形填空的方式來幫助學(xué)生整理語(yǔ)篇,從而來降低難度。本課的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)的突破方法是:在閱讀前,讓學(xué)生初步了解得出科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)所需要的基本程序,從而輕松而自然地導(dǎo)入文章的閱讀;在閱讀過程中,由易到難設(shè)計(jì)快速閱讀和精讀的問題,層層推進(jìn)各種閱讀活動(dòng),讓學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀內(nèi)容從整體感知到細(xì)節(jié)理解,最后深層讀懂整篇文章,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)閱讀策略的指導(dǎo),讓每個(gè)學(xué)生都主動(dòng)參與課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng),最終達(dá)到提高閱讀能力的目的。Step 4 Post-readingGroup Activities四人小組共同合作,在老師的適當(dāng)指導(dǎo)下,就以下2個(gè)問題展開討論,讓學(xué)生就所知、所學(xué)、所感和所想融入話題,然后抽若干同學(xué)代表作小組發(fā)言。1. What do you think about John Snow, and what should we learn from him?2. Cholera was 19th century disease, which two diseases are similar to cholera today? Why?
今天我們來介紹一下必修五第四單元的授課方式。這個(gè)單元的題目是Making the news。應(yīng)該是學(xué)生比較感興趣的話題,學(xué)生往往對(duì)新聞工作充滿好奇,所以我們可以利用這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)多設(shè)計(jì)一些師生互動(dòng)和學(xué)生互動(dòng),來激發(fā)起學(xué)習(xí)的積極性,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。同時(shí)我們可以利用這個(gè)單元不僅幫助學(xué)生掌握語(yǔ)言知識(shí),培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)言能力,同時(shí)讓其了解新聞工作的重要性,培養(yǎng)起社會(huì)智能感。這個(gè)單元分為六個(gè)課時(shí),它的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的:語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)是掌握詞匯表中的常用單詞和短語(yǔ),掌握倒裝句的一些基本用法。 技能目標(biāo)是能初步掌握約會(huì)的基本句型并在真實(shí)的場(chǎng)景下正確運(yùn)用。新聞報(bào)道類文章的寫作技能。采訪的基本規(guī)范和溝通技能。情感目標(biāo)是對(duì)新聞報(bào)道的客觀性和真實(shí)性有更好的理解。對(duì)新聞?dòng)浾叩穆殬I(yè)有更深入的了解,并能體會(huì)其工作的重要性。下面我們來介紹一下第一課時(shí)的授課方式,第一課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)是這樣的第一課時(shí)的教學(xué)目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言目標(biāo):單詞:Occupation, journalist, editor, photographer, curious, personality, enthusiasm
Teaching Aims:Knowledge 1. Get the students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this section. Aims:2. Let the students learn about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn different Ability reading skills. Aims:2. Enable students to learn to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack Emotional 1. Let students know more about the UK2. Develop students’ sense of cooperative learning Aims:Teaching Important Points:1. Let the students learn about the countries of the United Kingdom and the Union Jack2. Get the students to read the passage and know about how the UK was formed and the four groups of invaders.3. Have the students learn different reading skills.Teaching Difficult Ponts:1. Develop students’ reading ability.2. Enable students to talk about the United Kingdom and the Union Jack.3. Let students learn how the UK was formed geographically and historically.Teaching Methods:Showing pictures, asking, exercising, listening, reading etc.Teaching Aids:A computer,a projector and a blackboard.Teaching Procedures: 1) Show a map of the world, ask students the following questions:Where is the UK?What’s the full name of the UK?2) Ask the students work in pairs to do the quiz on Page 9.Do you want to test how many things you know about the United Kingdom? Let’s have a small test.Using the map on P9, students answer the following questions:?How many countries does the UK consist of? What are they??England is divided into three main areas. Do you know what they are? 1) Scanning (10Minutes )Let the students hold the questions asked in pre-reading and read the passagequickly and then let them do the following exercise.Join lines to the right answer.
分析過焦作市的地理概況和產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)后,就需要針對(duì)由于資源枯竭所帶來的問題提出合理化的建議。既然是談經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型,就應(yīng)該將話題的范圍明確在這一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)。通過材料3的相關(guān)內(nèi)容,我們了解到焦作市需要在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、培育新的優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)、增強(qiáng)綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力等三個(gè)整改方針上下功夫。因而引導(dǎo)學(xué)生針對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足提出建議,以三個(gè)整改方針為基準(zhǔn),衡量建議的可行性是鍛煉學(xué)生解決此類問題的有效途徑。在此我將教會(huì)學(xué)生的是解決問題方法而非案例的內(nèi)容,正所謂“授之以魚,不如授之以漁”。接下來針對(duì)學(xué)生的建議和教材資料分析所羅列的10點(diǎn)整改思路,由學(xué)生自由發(fā)言提出看法,通過教師的指導(dǎo)和學(xué)生的討論,進(jìn)而確定經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型建議的具體方案。最后注意將建議與產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)相對(duì)照,看建議是否都是圍繞著產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)而提出的,這樣做會(huì)加深學(xué)生的印象,通過建議和優(yōu)勢(shì)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,將不難找出此類問題的解題思路。
(1觀察圖解,色盲基因在性別間是如何傳遞的呢?(女--女、女--男、男--女)(2)為什么不能由男性傳給男性?(色盲基因是在X染色體上,因此色盲基因是隨X染色體的傳遞而傳遞。)(3)男性的色盲基因怎樣才能傳給男性呢?(通過女兒,傳給外孫即交叉遺傳)(4)從圖解看色盲在男女中的發(fā)病情況怎樣?(男性多于女性)(5)從社會(huì)調(diào)查也是這樣,你是否能從基因和染色體的角度加以解釋?(提示:女性染色體的構(gòu)成,結(jié)合基因位置及顯隱性進(jìn)行分析)歸納特點(diǎn):歸納出色盲基因遺傳的特點(diǎn)并擴(kuò)展到X染色體隱性遺傳的特點(diǎn)上。色盲基因遺傳(X隱性遺傳)的特點(diǎn):(1)男患者多于女患者(2)交叉遺傳(3)女病兒子必病,男正女兒必正等。問題探討:利用“遺傳圖解”結(jié)合“問題鏈”繼續(xù)探討,拓展到抗維生素D即X 染色體顯性遺傳的特點(diǎn)。(6)色盲基因在X染色體上屬隱性基因,子代表現(xiàn)男多于女,對(duì)應(yīng)的正常色覺基因則屬于X顯性基因,子代表現(xiàn)應(yīng)如何?(女多于男)
【點(diǎn)津】 1.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ) ,當(dāng)不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)有自己的執(zhí)行者時(shí),要用不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)?即在不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)之前加 for +名詞或賓格代詞?作狀語(yǔ)。He opened the door for the children to come in. 他開門讓孩子們進(jìn)來。目的狀語(yǔ)從句與不定式的轉(zhuǎn)換 英語(yǔ)中的目的狀語(yǔ)從句,還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ交虿欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),從而使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上得以簡(jiǎn)化??煞譃閮煞N情況: 1?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí),可以直接簡(jiǎn)化為不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. →We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2?當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不相同時(shí),要用動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. →I came early in order for you to read my report before the meeting.
1842年鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)清政府戰(zhàn)敗,簽訂《南京條約》,以英國(guó)為首的外國(guó)資本主義開始入侵,五口通商,協(xié)議關(guān)稅,西方商品輸入與日俱增,機(jī)器化大生產(chǎn)速度快,用政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)就是社會(huì)必要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)時(shí)間少,成本低,價(jià)格更加便宜,所謂物美價(jià)廉,市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力強(qiáng),材料:1845年,福州官員奏稱:洋貨“充積于廈口”。洋布、洋棉“其質(zhì)既美、其價(jià)復(fù)廉,民間之買洋布、洋棉者,十室而九?!币虼耍敖阒薏疾粡?fù)暢銷”。生:洋貨的輸入,土布土紗的銷售陷入困境,賣不出去,依靠它生活的手工業(yè)者就活不下去了,一部分棉紡織業(yè)手工者破產(chǎn)失業(yè),為了維持生計(jì),流入城市工廠,替別人打工,成為自由勞動(dòng)力;以前吃穿自己生產(chǎn),現(xiàn)在吃穿要買,于是這部分手工業(yè)者從生產(chǎn)者變成了消費(fèi)者,有了消費(fèi)就有了市場(chǎng)。
【合作探索】經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化的關(guān)系?相互促進(jìn),相互制約。促進(jìn):經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化不平衡導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化,區(qū)域集團(tuán)化是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的具體表現(xiàn),經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化是最終實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的重要步驟和途徑,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化則是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)化的最終歸宿。制約:但經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化短期內(nèi)對(duì)全球化不利。過渡:經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化讓世界得以發(fā)展,但也有不公平的因素,那么,誰(shuí)來維護(hù)公平了?二 、世界貿(mào)易組織的建立師:世界貿(mào)易組織建立的主要原因是什么?生:⑴經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展迅速;⑵關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定存在許多弊端,不適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展的要求師:它是怎樣建立起來的?生:①1986年: 意大利 提出倡議②1993年:烏拉圭回合談判——把多邊貿(mào)易組織改名為世界貿(mào)易組織③1994年: 正式?jīng)Q定建立WTO④1995.1.1:WTO正式開始運(yùn)作師:世貿(mào)組織特點(diǎn)是什么?宗旨是什么?生:規(guī)范化 法制化。促進(jìn)各國(guó)市場(chǎng)開放,調(diào)解貿(mào)易糾紛,實(shí)現(xiàn)全球范圍內(nèi)的貿(mào)易自由化
一、 教材分析1、 教材地位和作用《當(dāng)今世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化》是人教版《歷史②》(必修)第八單元第二課的內(nèi)容。主要圍繞戰(zhàn)后世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化的趨勢(shì),重點(diǎn)介紹了對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)影響最大的三大區(qū)域集團(tuán):歐洲聯(lián)盟、北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)和亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織。從內(nèi)容上既銜接了70年代布雷頓森林體系瓦解后80年代出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)域集團(tuán)化的趨勢(shì),又啟示了這種趨勢(shì)是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)的一部分,提出了下節(jié)課的主題。具有承上啟下的作用。2、 教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)高中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和知識(shí)與能力、過程與方法、情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀三者統(tǒng)一的要求,我將本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)定為以下的三大方面:1) 知識(shí)與能力:能夠讓學(xué)生理解三大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)集團(tuán)建立的史實(shí),認(rèn)識(shí)三大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)組織在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程中的影響和作用,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生辨證地觀察、分析歷史問題的能力。
蘇格拉底把裝有毒酒的杯子舉到胸口,平靜地說:“分手的時(shí)候到了,我將死,你們活下來,是誰(shuí)的選擇好,只有天知道?!闭f畢,一口喝干了毒酒。(2) 蘇格拉底臨死前對(duì)一個(gè)叫克力同的人說了這樣一番話??肆ν腋嬖V你,這幾天一直有一個(gè)神的聲音在我心中曉喻我,他說:“蘇格拉底,還是聽我們的建議吧,我們是你的衛(wèi)士。不要考慮你的子女、生命或其他東西勝過考慮什么是公正?!聦?shí)上你就要離開這里了。當(dāng)你去死的時(shí)候,你是個(gè)犧牲品,但不是我們所犯錯(cuò)誤的犧牲品,而是你同胞所犯錯(cuò)誤的犧牲品。但你若用這種可恥的方法逃避,以錯(cuò)還錯(cuò),以惡報(bào)惡,踐踏你自己和我們訂立的協(xié)議合約,那么你傷害了你最不應(yīng)該傷害的,包括你自己、你的朋友、你的國(guó)家,還有我們。到那時(shí),你活著面對(duì)我們的憤怒,你死后我們的兄弟、冥府里的法律也不會(huì)熱情歡迎你;因?yàn)樗鼈冎滥阍噲D盡力摧毀我們。別接受克力同的建議,聽我們的勸告吧。”
2.民族工業(yè)的遭受打擊自主探究4:閱讀【歷史縱橫】和教材插圖,探究抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期民族走向萎縮的原因有哪些?在淪陷區(qū)日軍的摧毀和吞并;在國(guó)統(tǒng)區(qū)國(guó)民政府強(qiáng)化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面統(tǒng)治;官僚資本壟斷經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈,壓制民族工業(yè)牟取暴利。造成了什么后果?(官僚資本的膨脹,民族資本的萎縮)3、民族工業(yè)的萎縮討論:為什么抗戰(zhàn)勝利了,民族資本主義工業(yè)反而日益萎縮呢?學(xué)生通過合作學(xué)習(xí),對(duì)教材提供的資料進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析,認(rèn)識(shí)到美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪、官僚資本的擠壓、通貨膨脹三個(gè)因素的共同作用,使民族工業(yè)陷入絕境,紛紛倒閉??箲?zhàn)勝利后,國(guó)民政府雖采取了一些措施推動(dòng)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,但是,國(guó)民政府為了取得美國(guó)的援助,不惜出賣國(guó)家主權(quán),與美國(guó)在1946年簽訂《中美友好通商航海條約》,讓美國(guó)在華攫取政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)等特權(quán)。中國(guó)民族工業(yè)紛紛破產(chǎn)。
【課堂小結(jié)】本課主要講述俄國(guó)十月革命后進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),并在建設(shè)中進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義探索,期間先后出現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策、新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和斯大林模式,這些政策和體制的產(chǎn)生都是歷史和當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)有關(guān),但也反映出在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義中既有成功的也由重大失誤,主要在于缺乏現(xiàn)成的政策和模式可供借鑒,更在于理論上的缺乏。斯大林模式的形成同蘇聯(lián)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng),它在初期和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期曾發(fā)揮了巨大作用,使蘇聯(lián)成為強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。它建立的高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和新型的工業(yè)化模式是蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中的探索和創(chuàng)新,對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后社會(huì)主義國(guó)家產(chǎn)生了深刻影響,促進(jìn)這些國(guó)家國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,形成了足以同資本主義相抗衡的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)。但是,它沒有解決社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的一系列根本問題,違背了列寧關(guān)于把文化經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)當(dāng)作工作重心的指示,仍把政治斗爭(zhēng)放在第一位。
2.“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”20世紀(jì)70年代,世界資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展進(jìn)入“滯脹”狀態(tài)后,各國(guó)政府紛紛尋找醫(yī)治這一新疾病的藥方,其中影響最大的是供應(yīng)學(xué)派和貨幣學(xué)派。1979年,撒切爾夫人上臺(tái)擔(dān)任英國(guó)首相,率先采納了貨幣學(xué)派的主張。1981年,里根擔(dān)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后,以供應(yīng)學(xué)派為依據(jù),確立了自己政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。由于兩人的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策都在一定程度上緩解了本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),并有一套理論體系支撐,因此經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們分別稱之為“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”。實(shí)際上,“里根經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”和“撒切爾主義”有許多相同之處,二者都提倡自由放任,強(qiáng)調(diào)市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)作用,反對(duì)國(guó)家干預(yù);二者都實(shí)行有利于富人的減稅政策,因此都曾被攻擊為“劫貧濟(jì)富”;二者都大力增加軍費(fèi)開支,用加大政府消費(fèi)來緩解危機(jī)。3.美國(guó)“新經(jīng)濟(jì)”戰(zhàn)后西方國(guó)家在凱恩斯主義指導(dǎo)下,暫時(shí)擺脫了三十年代那種嚴(yán)重的大蕭條局面,但由于長(zhǎng)期實(shí)行擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政貨幣政策和對(duì)社會(huì)需求進(jìn)行管理的政策,各資本主義國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)又出現(xiàn)新的危機(jī),即“滯脹”(生產(chǎn)停滯和通貨膨脹),凱恩斯主義由此走向沒落。