Step 3 Meaning1. 過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某一時(shí)間來看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài), 常用在賓語從句中。一般由“would/should +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。She hoped that they would meet again someday. 她希望將來有一天他們能再見面。2. was/were going to+動(dòng)詞原形: 表示過去將要發(fā)生或很有可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 常用于口語中, 表示預(yù)言、意圖或者打算等。He was going to start work the following week. 他打算下星期開始工作。3. was/were about to do: 常用來表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, “剛要/正要做……”。注意該結(jié)構(gòu)不與任何時(shí)間狀語連用。I felt that something terrible was about to happen. 我感到某種可怕的事情即將發(fā)生。4.was/were to do: 表示“曾計(jì)劃做某事”, 如果表示“本來計(jì)劃做某事, 動(dòng)作沒實(shí)現(xiàn)”, 則需用 “was/were to have done”。She said she was to have told me about the accident. 她說她本來想告訴我關(guān)于事故的事。5.Start, go, come, leave, see, meet等動(dòng)詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí): 表示就過去某一時(shí)刻而言即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。She was coming later. 她隨后就來。I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine. 我剛穿上外套要去看我的一個(gè)朋友。
4. A:We’d like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group.B:↙Who?A:We thought that you or Dr.Johnson might do it.B用降調(diào)說Who,其意思是問,對(duì)方想讓誰在開場(chǎng)時(shí)致歡迎詞。Step 6 Pronunciation---Practice1. Listen to the short conversation and mark the intonation with ↗, ↙ or ↙, ↗. Then discuss with a partner what they intend to convey by using different intonation.Owner: You know what ?↗ It’s a million-pound bank note↙.Waiter 1: Really ?↗(question)Waiter 2: Really !↙(unbelievable and surprised)Waiter 3: Really ?!↙↗(first question then surprised)2. Listen to the conversations. Underline the parts that are stressed and mark the intonation. Then talk about the implied meanings of the responses with different intonations. Listen again and repeat.1) Henry: It’s a nice suit.Owner: Oh, it’s perfect!↙(The intonation means it is very suitable for Henry.)2) Henry: Well, that’s very kind of you.Owner: Kind, sir ?↗(what you said is not right) No, it’s kind of you. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour !!↙(welcome you to come again)3)Henry:Well, to be honest, I have none. Oliver:(happily) What luck!(excited) Brother↗, what luck!↙(It means “Didn’t you hear it?”)Henry: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me!↗(angry) If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. Now if you’ll excuse me, I ought to be on my way.↙(If so, I would leave.)Roderick: Please don’t go↙...(hope Henry can wait for a moment)Part B Viewing and Talking---Describe people’s changing attitudes in a film clipStep 1 Before-listening---Tell the filmYou are going to watch part of the film The Million Pound Bank Note. Look at these photos and guess what happens in the film.
Step 4: Listen again and decide if the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1 It was the first time Chen Liyan's story was reported. T口 F口2 Chen found 10,000 yuan in a small plastic bag in Taiyuan railway station口 F口3 Wang Zheng apologized to Chen because he couldn't offer her more money. T口 F口4 Chen took out a large loan to cure her daughter, T口 F口5 Wang set up a fundraising website for Chen's daughter after Chen told him about her situation. T口 F口Step 5:After listening, discuss the questions.1 What kind of person do you think Chen Liyan is?Chen Liyan is generous and honest because she returned a large sum of money to the owner.2 Did Chen return the money because she didn't need it?No. She returned the money because it was the right thing to do. Evidence for this is that she refused to accept the reward money because she felt that it had not been earned. 3 Is it common for people to do what Chen did?It depends on the culture. In some countries it is quite common to return money that has been found. In other countries, people believe "Finders are keepers!" 4 How did Wang Zheng feel about the return of his money?He must have been very happy and relieved to have gotten his money back. We know this because he thanked Chen repeatedly and even offered her a reward.5 Why did Ma Dongbao tell Wang about Chen's family?He must have had great sympathy for Chen and her daughter and wanted to help them.'We know this because he arranged help for them. 6 How did the news reporter feel about Chen's actions?The news reporter felt that it showed that money wasn't the most important thing in life. We know this because the reporter told us that this is what Chen believes. and then said, “that's a great attitude to take."
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長(zhǎng)了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時(shí)候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
導(dǎo)語在必修第一冊(cè)中,我們研究了函數(shù)的單調(diào)性,并利用函數(shù)單調(diào)性等知識(shí),定性的研究了一次函數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)、對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)增長(zhǎng)速度的差異,知道“對(duì)數(shù)增長(zhǎng)” 是越來越慢的,“指數(shù)爆炸” 比“直線上升” 快得多,進(jìn)一步的能否精確定量的刻畫變化速度的快慢呢,下面我們就來研究這個(gè)問題。新知探究問題1 高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)員的速度高臺(tái)跳水運(yùn)動(dòng)中,運(yùn)動(dòng)員在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的重心相對(duì)于水面的高度h(單位:m)與起跳后的時(shí)間t(單位:s)存在函數(shù)關(guān)系h(t)=-4.9t2+4.8t+11.如何描述用運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過程中運(yùn)動(dòng)的快慢程度呢?直覺告訴我們,運(yùn)動(dòng)員從起跳到入水的過程中,在上升階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來越慢,在下降階段運(yùn)動(dòng)的越來越快,我們可以把整個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間段分成許多小段,用運(yùn)動(dòng)員在每段時(shí)間內(nèi)的平均速度v ?近似的描述它的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)。
環(huán)節(jié)三案例分析突出難點(diǎn)這一環(huán)節(jié),我將用多媒體展示我國反腐行動(dòng),將一個(gè)個(gè)貪污腐敗者給予法律制裁的案例和東突分子分裂活動(dòng)的例子,來得出我國專政的職能。這些例子具有典型性和時(shí)效性,能讓學(xué)生容易從例子中得出知識(shí)點(diǎn),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解我國的專政是對(duì)極少數(shù)敵人實(shí)行的專政。并通過《反分裂法》的制定,讓學(xué)生討論為什么我國既要實(shí)行民主職能又實(shí)行專政職能,以此來分析民主與專政的關(guān)系(區(qū)別和聯(lián)系)。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力,自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結(jié)合教師的講授,給學(xué)生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。環(huán)節(jié)四 情景回歸 情感升華這一環(huán)節(jié),我將設(shè)置分組討論,讓學(xué)生們分別從人民民主專政的重要地位、“民主”與“專政”這兩項(xiàng)職能、改革開放的歷史條件下新時(shí)期內(nèi)容三個(gè)方面來分析為什么堅(jiān)持人民民主是正義的事,討論后每組派出代表來發(fā)表各自組的結(jié)論,得出我國要堅(jiān)持人民民主專政。通過小組討論,使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)在合作中學(xué)習(xí),提高學(xué)生的語言表達(dá)和思維能力。
3、評(píng):以評(píng)促行。(6分鐘)高中生的年齡特點(diǎn)決定了他們非常重視別人對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià),渴望得到他人的肯定與鼓勵(lì)。(所以我在班上組織一個(gè)活動(dòng):讓同學(xué)們?cè)u(píng)選出班上“講文明懂禮貌的文明之星”、“勤思考善創(chuàng)新的學(xué)習(xí)之星”(先讓同學(xué)推舉大家都認(rèn)同的4位同學(xué),然后對(duì)他們進(jìn)行投票,投票結(jié)果將在下堂課上公布)以此活動(dòng)來激發(fā)同學(xué)們用實(shí)際行動(dòng)做民族精神的踐行者和傳播者。)4、唱:以情激行。(2分鐘)在課程內(nèi)容講授結(jié)完畢后,組織全班同學(xué)跟著音樂高唱孫楠的《紅旗飄飄》,生化情感,激發(fā)同學(xué)們的愛國情感。五、課堂拓展(請(qǐng)同學(xué)們各展才華:課后讓同學(xué)們各自準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)項(xiàng)目以體現(xiàn)民族精神。(項(xiàng)目形式是:或作文、書畫;或剪紙、或歌曲小品)……讓同學(xué)們用實(shí)際行動(dòng)祝愿我們偉大的祖國更加繁榮昌盛!讓我們的民族精神代代相傳?。?/p>
教師點(diǎn)評(píng):根據(jù)小論文的寫作情況對(duì)小論文給予肯定,同時(shí)指出其有待修改的地方。學(xué)生在寫小論文的時(shí)候是根據(jù)教材中的提示來寫的,所以對(duì)于教材中的這些提示,可以作一個(gè)說明。如“在發(fā)展的過程中,我們面對(duì)怎樣的挑戰(zhàn)和困難”,對(duì)于這點(diǎn),學(xué)生可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)片面看問題的不足,一旦這種情況出現(xiàn),我們就要及時(shí)進(jìn)行說明:我們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和困難既有來自國內(nèi)的,也有來自國際的,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用全面的觀點(diǎn)分析問題。教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生明確作為中學(xué)生可以從以下方面去作準(zhǔn)備:第一,要有國家觀念、民族意識(shí),不斷增強(qiáng)民族自豪感、自尊心和自信心;第二,關(guān)注國家大事;第三,自自覺履行維護(hù)國家統(tǒng)一和民族團(tuán)結(jié)的義務(wù),維護(hù)國家安全、榮譽(yù)和利益;第四,努力學(xué)好科學(xué)文化知識(shí),提高自己的科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)和思想道德素質(zhì),增強(qiáng)各個(gè)方面的能力,掌握振興中華民族的本領(lǐng),這也是中學(xué)生最需要做到的。通過探究活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息的能力,自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力以及全面看問題的能力,再結(jié)合教師的講授,給學(xué)生一種茅塞頓開的感覺。
2、學(xué)生分析 九十年代初期出生的孩子,生活在一個(gè)充滿活力的時(shí)代,張揚(yáng)個(gè)性成為他(她)們的主旋律。面對(duì)這一時(shí)代的學(xué)生,溝通需要用心、用技巧,那也是一門藝術(shù)。高中學(xué)生的心理日趨成熟,有一定的知識(shí)積累,且比較豐富;語言邏輯性強(qiáng),有較強(qiáng)的參與意識(shí),求知欲望及表現(xiàn)欲望。學(xué)生主體參與的充分,表現(xiàn)在其主動(dòng)性,積極性得到極大的調(diào)動(dòng)。這與教師的主導(dǎo)作用是分不開的。本課教案就是要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己先閱讀書本、獨(dú)立思考、激發(fā)學(xué)生思維,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生各抒己見,讓學(xué)生自己得出解答問題的結(jié)論,不追求答案的唯一。充分體現(xiàn)了讀書是一種個(gè)體行為,每個(gè)學(xué)生有不同的體驗(yàn)。教師應(yīng)跳出教案的問題模式,和學(xué)生一道去創(chuàng)造地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題,在成功中尋找快樂、在快樂中更加成功。同時(shí)特別注重創(chuàng)設(shè)的情景的選擇性,有針對(duì)性和實(shí)效性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們積極、主動(dòng)參與,使他們的潛能、智慧得出充分挖掘、展示。只有當(dāng)學(xué)生們?cè)谡n堂上表現(xiàn)出來的獨(dú)特的、有創(chuàng)意的設(shè)計(jì)見解,學(xué)生主體參與和教師主導(dǎo)二者完美結(jié)合,才能表明該課的設(shè)計(jì)卓有成效。
師:同學(xué)們這個(gè)暑假過得真不錯(cuò)呀,都有自己最開心的日子。同學(xué)們經(jīng)歷的這些活動(dòng),讓你們自己長(zhǎng)了知識(shí),豐富了閱歷,你們今天的介紹,也讓我和更多的同學(xué)大開了眼界。由此可見,在今天,通過親身參與、實(shí)踐,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電影,通過交流發(fā)言,大家獲得了許多新的信息、知識(shí),增強(qiáng)了對(duì)祖國美好河山的熱愛、對(duì)科技的向往和異國的友誼。同學(xué)們信息交流的過程,實(shí)際上也是文化傳播的過程。板書課題:第二課時(shí)文化在交流中傳播話題導(dǎo)入討論話題:如何建設(shè)文明校園?(課前準(zhǔn)備:要求同學(xué)們仔細(xì)觀察、了解關(guān)于校園文明現(xiàn)象的問題,并就如何建設(shè)文明校園提出自己的建議。教師可按自然組,讓學(xué)生推選一名代表發(fā)言,就校園文明方面談?wù)劥嬖诘膯栴}和不足,或提出一些中肯的改進(jìn)意見)(學(xué)生交流)生1:建設(shè)文明校園,首先要凈化語言環(huán)境,我們學(xué)校不少同學(xué)愛說臟話,與文明校園很不相稱。
生2:每逢清明,或其他一些死者的紀(jì)念日,人們總要為死去的親人燒紙錢。這幅漫畫由燒紙錢演變?yōu)闊凹译姟?,說明隨著社會(huì)環(huán)境的變化,人們根深蒂固的一些封建思想,還在影響著人們的生活。要花大力氣去破除封建迷信活動(dòng)。師:說到底,算命、燒紙錢是封建迷信活動(dòng),從文化角度來說,是落后文化。我們一起來看看在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,還有哪些落后文化在影響著人們的生活。生1:在一些邊遠(yuǎn)落后地區(qū),大人小孩生了病,不是看醫(yī)生,而是讓巫婆神漢來治,結(jié)果往往耽誤了診療時(shí)間,有的甚至還丟掉了性命。生2:“重男輕女”“多子多福”,紅白事大操大辦現(xiàn)象在有些地方還很嚴(yán)重。師:這些落后文化都有哪些共同特征?在你看來,這些現(xiàn)象有哪些危害?生3:這些落后文化,在內(nèi)容上帶有迷信、愚昧、頹廢、庸俗等色彩,在形式上常常以傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗的形式表現(xiàn)出來,如人們常見的看相、算命、測(cè)字、看風(fēng)水等。它會(huì)麻痹人的意志,使人消極、悲觀、絕望,對(duì)理想、前途、信念喪失信心;破壞社會(huì)的風(fēng)氣。
一、教材分析文化市場(chǎng)和大眾傳媒的發(fā)展,給我們的文化生活帶來了許多可喜的變化。但是,文化市場(chǎng)的自發(fā)性和傳媒的商業(yè)性也引發(fā)了令人憂慮的現(xiàn)象。文化生活有“喜”也有“憂”,讓我們歡喜讓我們憂。面對(duì)形式多樣的文化生活,置身于文化生活的海洋之中,在文化生活中如何選擇、怎樣作出正確的選擇是亟待向?qū)W生解決的問題。二、學(xué)情分析高二學(xué)生處于世界觀、人生觀和價(jià)值觀形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,身心迅速發(fā)展,自我意識(shí)和獨(dú)立性較強(qiáng),社會(huì)公共生活空間范圍越來越大,并且開始理性地思考社會(huì)和人生的重大問題,他們可塑性強(qiáng),但情緒仍然不穩(wěn)定,有多變性,容易沖動(dòng)或偏激,迫切需要提升思想意識(shí),加強(qiáng)方法論的指導(dǎo),使其在紛繁復(fù)雜的文化生活中能夠進(jìn)行正確的判斷與選擇。如果我們的學(xué)生不能把握正確的航向,是非觀念模糊,良莠不分,就會(huì)陷入落后文化和腐朽文化的泥沼而不能自拔,甚至造成無法挽回的惡果。
我選取這兩組例子的目的就是要學(xué)生在閱讀對(duì)比中明白“橫看成嶺側(cè)成峰。遠(yuǎn)近高低各不同”的道理。要讓學(xué)生明白:看同一景物,觀者所處的方位不同,角度不同,收到的效果也不同。最后教師明確:要寫出景物的特征,首先得仔細(xì)觀察,并注意觀察點(diǎn)的變化。然后追問:抓住景物的特征還有哪些要求?讓學(xué)生帶著問題再來看多媒體出示的夜晚荷塘圖和泰山松的有關(guān)圖片,先讓學(xué)生嘗試描寫,然后再出示《荷塘月色》和《雨中登泰山》中和圖片有關(guān)的兩段描寫。這兩段分別是:“曲曲折折的荷塘上面,彌望的是田田的葉子……仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的?!保ā逗商猎律罚?,“但是把人的心靈帶到一種崇高境界的,是那些“吸翠霞而夭矯的松樹……都讓你覺得他們是泰山的天然主人,好象少了誰都不應(yīng)該似的?!保ā队曛械翘┥健罚?/p>
我還運(yùn)用多媒體投影幻燈片給學(xué)生設(shè)置兩組相互對(duì)照的選項(xiàng),讓同學(xué)們根據(jù)幻燈片選擇:你贊同每組中那一種價(jià)值取向?一組是功名、進(jìn)取、高官、厚祿與自然、隱逸、本性、自由。另一組是科學(xué)、發(fā)展、強(qiáng)大、集中與詩意、和諧、柔弱、個(gè)體。經(jīng)過合作探究,討論解答,學(xué)生結(jié)合陶淵明的歸隱對(duì)第一組討論探究的應(yīng)該比較容易,而對(duì)第二組的理解探究會(huì)出現(xiàn)一定的難度,教師可以就學(xué)生的情感價(jià)值觀方面適當(dāng)?shù)慕o予點(diǎn)撥引導(dǎo):幻燈片上面的第二組文字通過對(duì)比,給我們提供了兩種價(jià)值取向,你是要通過科學(xué)、發(fā)展、強(qiáng)大和集中來實(shí)現(xiàn)遨游太空等童話,那就勢(shì)必會(huì)令我們放棄了詩意的童話,只關(guān)注工業(yè)的發(fā)展,城市面積的擴(kuò)大,鄉(xiāng)村田園必將減少 。你還是要維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡,保護(hù)一切的多樣性呢?我認(rèn)為詩意永遠(yuǎn)要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)科學(xué),梅羅和陶淵明就共同表達(dá)了八個(gè)字——詩意、和諧、柔弱和個(gè)體。你的本性在田園,當(dāng)我們身心疲憊時(shí),我們都需要一個(gè)心靈的家園,所以我希望大家無論做何選擇都能夠守住我們那片寧靜、祥和的心靈家園。
第一階段政策性調(diào)整階段管理體制高度集中管理體制政企分開,簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán),擴(kuò)大企業(yè)自主權(quán)所有制單一的公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以公有制為主體的多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)分配制度平均主義以按勞分配為主的多種分配方式第二階段制度創(chuàng)新階段產(chǎn)權(quán)制度國有制實(shí)行以股份制為主要形式的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度問:無論是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革還是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革都取得了可喜的成就,具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。那整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革又有什么樣的意義呢?學(xué)生回答:調(diào)動(dòng)了------解放了------推動(dòng)了------??偨Y(jié):經(jīng)濟(jì)改革-------促進(jìn)------社會(huì)發(fā)展 一個(gè)問題-------經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革 兩個(gè)方面-------農(nóng)村、城市 三個(gè)意義-------農(nóng)村、城市、經(jīng)濟(jì)老師講授:改革不是一帆風(fēng)順的,它面臨著復(fù)雜的國內(nèi)外形勢(shì)。但是,鄧小平不愧是中國改革開放的總設(shè)計(jì)師,中國社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的領(lǐng)路人。他沖破重重阻礙,南下上海、深圳等地視察,發(fā)表著名的“南方談話”,建立起社會(huì)主義的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的目標(biāo)。投影顯示:鄧南下圖片?!笆拇蟆睍?huì)場(chǎng)。社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制建立的過程。
【課堂小結(jié)】本課主要講述俄國十月革命后進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè),并在建設(shè)中進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義探索,期間先后出現(xiàn)了戰(zhàn)時(shí)共產(chǎn)主義政策、新經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和斯大林模式,這些政策和體制的產(chǎn)生都是歷史和當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)有關(guān),但也反映出在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義中既有成功的也由重大失誤,主要在于缺乏現(xiàn)成的政策和模式可供借鑒,更在于理論上的缺乏。斯大林模式的形成同蘇聯(lián)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng),它在初期和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期曾發(fā)揮了巨大作用,使蘇聯(lián)成為強(qiáng)大的社會(huì)主義國家。它建立的高度集中的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和新型的工業(yè)化模式是蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中的探索和創(chuàng)新,對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后社會(huì)主義國家產(chǎn)生了深刻影響,促進(jìn)這些國家國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的恢復(fù)和發(fā)展,形成了足以同資本主義相抗衡的社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)。但是,它沒有解決社會(huì)主義民主政治建設(shè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的一系列根本問題,違背了列寧關(guān)于把文化經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)當(dāng)作工作重心的指示,仍把政治斗爭(zhēng)放在第一位。
1、漢武帝尊儒的措施:(1)政治方面:起用很多儒學(xué)家參與國家大政。他規(guī)定,地方定期選出孝子、廉吏當(dāng)中央任官,甚至還擢升平民、儒士為相。這明顯擴(kuò)大了官員的隊(duì)伍,提高了官員的文化素質(zhì),鞏固了封建統(tǒng)治基礎(chǔ),成為漢武帝文治武功的重要組成部分。也給后世封建王朝在用人方式方法上面提供了寶貴的借鑒和啟迪。(2)思想方面:采納董仲舒的建議,“罷黜百家 獨(dú)尊儒術(shù)”(3)教育方面:儒家經(jīng)典“五經(jīng)”為國家規(guī)定的教科書。興辦太學(xué)和設(shè)立地方學(xué)校進(jìn)行儒學(xué)教育。公元前136年,漢武帝正式規(guī)定《詩》、《書》、《禮》、《易》、《春秋》為“五經(jīng)”;前124年,又在長(zhǎng)安興辦太學(xué),規(guī)定太學(xué)生員為博士弟子,一律由儒家五經(jīng)博士負(fù)責(zé)教授,學(xué)完經(jīng)考試合格后即可到政府任官。這是封建國家利用政權(quán)的力量興辦教育、提倡儒學(xué),其必然對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)的教育事業(yè)有一定的導(dǎo)向作用。