(2) students are divided into groups according to the requirements of activity 3. Each student shares a story of personal experience or hearing-witnessing kindness, and then selects the most touching story in the group and shares it with the whole class. Before the students share the story, the teacher can instruct them to use the words and sentence patterns in the box to express. For example, the words in the box can be classified:Time order: first of all, then, after that, later, finally logical relationship :so, however, although, butTeachers can also appropriately add some transitional language to enrich students' expression:Afterwards, afterwards, at last, in the end, eventuallySpatial order: next to, far from, on the left, in front ofOtherwise, nevertheless, as a result, therefore, furthermore, in addition, as well asSummary: in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in briefStep 8 Homework1. Understand the definition of "moral dilemma" and establish a correct moral view;2. Accumulate vocabulary about attitudes and emotions in listening texts and use them to express your own views;3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理解理解“道德困境”的定義;2、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否通過(guò)說(shuō)話人所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容、說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)等來(lái)判斷其態(tài)度和情緒;3、通過(guò)本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否針對(duì)具體的道德困境發(fā)表自己的看法和見(jiàn)解,能否掌握聽(tīng)力理訓(xùn)練中的聽(tīng)力策略。
教材分析改革開(kāi)放后我國(guó)的綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng),人民對(duì)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的愿望越來(lái)越迫切。本節(jié)課以“一國(guó)兩制”構(gòu)想的提出,香港、澳門(mén)的回歸和海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展為中心,說(shuō)明實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一,完成中華民族復(fù)興是歷史發(fā)展的必然。第一目“‘一國(guó)兩制’構(gòu)想的提出”主要講述了“一國(guó)兩制”的含義及歷史意義。第二目“香港、澳門(mén)的回歸”著重講述了香港回歸、澳門(mén)回歸的經(jīng)過(guò)及歷史意義,這是“一國(guó)兩制”成功的實(shí)踐。第三目“海峽兩岸關(guān)系的發(fā)展”講述了大陸注重發(fā)展與臺(tái)灣的關(guān)系,促進(jìn)海峽兩岸的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流與合作,打破了幾十年來(lái)海峽兩岸的隔絕狀態(tài),促進(jìn)了祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的進(jìn)程。此外,教材還通過(guò)“資料回放”“歷史縱橫”“學(xué)思之窗”等欄目,為學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)提供了一些詳細(xì)的史料。在教學(xué)中要分析圖表資料,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生理解完成祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一大業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的復(fù)興,是任何人也阻擋不了的歷史潮流。
全班齊讀第五段內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)一位同學(xué)分析,接著讓這位同學(xué)按他分析的讀一遍。3、4兩自然段的平緩之后,第5段作者的情感再次抬升。為了滿(mǎn)足這種情感的張揚(yáng),作一口氣連用了四個(gè)排比句式“現(xiàn)在是……時(shí)候”,一方面這是情感發(fā)泄的需要,另一方面這種排山倒海的語(yǔ)勢(shì)也加強(qiáng)了內(nèi)容的表達(dá),極強(qiáng)地突出了現(xiàn)實(shí)為自由、平等而戰(zhàn)的重要性。四、學(xué)會(huì)演講我們剛才細(xì)讀了課文,但讀和講是有區(qū)別的。所謂演講,是一門(mén)語(yǔ)言藝術(shù),它的主要形式是“講”,即運(yùn)用有聲語(yǔ)言并追求言辭的表現(xiàn)力和聲音的感染力;同時(shí)還要輔之以“演”,即運(yùn)用面部表情、手勢(shì)動(dòng)作、身體姿態(tài)乃至一切可以理解的態(tài)勢(shì)語(yǔ)言,使講話“藝術(shù)化”起來(lái),從而產(chǎn)生一種非凡的藝術(shù)魅力。那么,接下來(lái)就假設(shè)一下假如你是馬丁·路德·金,你會(huì)怎樣去講這篇演講辭。
Discuss these questions in groups.Q1: Have you ever been to a place that has a diverse culture ? What do you think about the culture diversity ?One culturally diverse place that I have been to is Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province. I went there last year with my family to see the Ice and Snow Festival, and I was amazed at how the culture as different to most other Chinese cities. There is a big Russian influence there, with beautiful Russian architecture and lots of interesting restaurants. I learnt that Harbin is called “the Oriental Moscow” and that many Russians settled there to help build the railway over 100 years ago.Q2: What are the benefits and challenges of cultural diversity ?The benefits: People are able to experience a wide variety of cultures, making their lives more interesting, and it can deepen the feelings for our national culture, it is also helpful for us to learn about other outstanding culture, which helps improve the ability to respect others. The challenges: People may have trouble communicating or understanding each other, and it may lead to disappearance of some civilizations and even make some people think “The western moon is rounder than his own.”Step 7 Post reading---RetellComplete the passage according to the text.Today, I arrived back in San Francisco, and it feels good (1) _____(be) back in the city again. The city succeeded in (2)_________ (rebuild) itself after the earthquake that (3)________ (occur) in 1906, and I stayed in the Mission District, enjoying some delicious noodles mixed with cultures. In the afternoon, I headed to a local museum (4)____ showed the historical changes in California. During the gold rush, many Chinese arrived, and some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown to earn a (5)_____ (live). Many others worked on (6)______ (farm), joined the gold rush, or went to build the railway that connected California to the east. The museum showed us (7)____ America was built by immigrants from (8)________ (difference) countries and cultures. In the evening, I went to Chinatown, and ate in a Cantonese restaurant that served food on (9)________(beauty) china plates. Tomorrow evening, I’m going to (10)__ jazz bar in the Richmond District. 答案:1. to be 2. rebuilding 3. occurred 4. that 5.living6. farms 7.how 8. different 9. beautiful 10. a
The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.” Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans have achieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1. Read about the development and value of space exploration.2. Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3. Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability 4. Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration. Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2. What are the main reasons for space exploration?
? Could you offer me some kind of work here?? I don’t want your charity, I just want an honest job.? Careless: I landed in Britain by accident.Step 7:Consolidation.? Find Henry? Roderick and Oliver were I .making a bet when they saw Henry, a poor young man. ? Know Henry? About a month ago, Henry was sailing and later he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind. Fortunately, he 2.was spotted by a ship. And it was the ship that brought him to 3.England? Offer money to Henry ? Oliver and Roderick gave Henry a letter and told him that there was money in it. They 4.persuaded him to accept it, and made him 5.promise that it wouldn't be opened until 2 o'clock.Step 8:Language pointsa large amount of: a large quantity of; a great deal ofe.g. They bought a large amount of furniture before they moved their new house.make a bet: make an arrangement to risk money, etc. on an event of which the result is doubtful.e.g. We made a bet on the result of the match.permit sb to do something: allow somebody to do somethinge.g. My mother doesn’t permit me to ride in the street after it rained.by accident: as a result of chancee.g. I only found it by accident.stare at: look at somebody or something with the eyes wide open in a fixed gaze( in astonishment, wonder, fear, etc)to be honest: to tell you the truth; to be franke.g. To be honest, I don’t think we have a chance of winning.Step7 Homework:What do you think will happen to Henry? Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble?
【教學(xué)意圖】要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,必須閱讀古詩(shī)文名著名篇。但在中國(guó)文化形成過(guò)程中影響最大的是什么?可以說(shuō)是儒家學(xué)說(shuō),包括《論語(yǔ)》這部經(jīng)典。《論語(yǔ)》等書(shū)是讀書(shū)人求仕做官的必修課本,是知識(shí)分子的思想言行基礎(chǔ),而且影響到整個(gè)社會(huì)生活,內(nèi)容包括倫理道德、教育體制、民間習(xí)俗等方面的思想。因此,要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,有必要讀一讀《論語(yǔ)》。【教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】因《論語(yǔ)》的年代已久遠(yuǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生而言,要理解透徹文句是比較深?yuàn)W困難的,因此必須在充分理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)《論語(yǔ)》進(jìn)行思想上的解讀??捎山處煆摹墩撜Z(yǔ)》中概括出幾點(diǎn)與生活、現(xiàn)實(shí)相關(guān)的要點(diǎn),要求學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行透徹的學(xué)習(xí)和領(lǐng)會(huì),如“小人與君子”、“學(xué)習(xí)的方法”、“教育的理念”等等?!冀虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)〗讀《論語(yǔ)》知儒家思想?!冀虒W(xué)方法〗講解啟發(fā)、探究梳理、拓展延伸。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、交流誦讀課文技巧?!?jié)奏、韻腳、感情……(5分鐘)二、再讀確定自己的學(xué)習(xí)主題(15分)1、主題提示:音樂(lè)美、繪畫(huà)美、建筑美簡(jiǎn)介詩(shī)歌“三美”追求聞一多先生是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上集詩(shī)人、學(xué)者和斗士于一身的重要詩(shī)人。他不但致力于新詩(shī)藝術(shù)美的探索,提出了音樂(lè)美、繪畫(huà)美、建筑美的詩(shī)歌\"三美\"的新格律詩(shī)理論主張,還努力進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐,寫(xiě)出了許多精美詩(shī)篇。他的新格律詩(shī)理論被后人稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)代詩(shī)學(xué)的奠基石,影響深遠(yuǎn)?!对?shī)的格律》是聞一多先生系列詩(shī)論中最重要的一篇。在這篇論文中,他系統(tǒng)的提出\"詩(shī)的實(shí)力不獨(dú)包括音樂(lè)的美(音節(jié))、繪畫(huà)的美(詞藻),并且還有建筑的美(節(jié)的勻稱(chēng)和句的均齊)。\"這一關(guān)于新詩(shī)\"三美\"主張遂成為新格律詩(shī)派的理論綱領(lǐng)。
書(shū)法藝術(shù)的繁榮期,是從東漢開(kāi)始的東漢時(shí)期出現(xiàn)了專(zhuān)門(mén)的書(shū)法理論著作,最早的書(shū)法理論提出者是東西漢之交的揚(yáng)雄第一部書(shū)法理論專(zhuān)著是東漢時(shí)期崔瑗的《草書(shū)勢(shì)》漢代書(shū)法家可分為兩類(lèi):一類(lèi)是漢隸書(shū)家,以蔡邕為代表一類(lèi)是草書(shū)家,以杜度、崔瑗、張芝為代表,張芝被后人稱(chēng)之為“草圣”最能代表漢代書(shū)法特色的,莫過(guò)於是碑刻和簡(jiǎn)牘上的書(shū)法東漢碑刻林立,這一時(shí)期的碑刻,以漢隸刻之,字型方正,法度謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)、波磔分明此時(shí)隸書(shū)已登峰造極漢代創(chuàng)興草書(shū),草書(shū)的誕生,在書(shū)法藝術(shù)的發(fā)展史上有著重大意義它標(biāo)志著書(shū)法開(kāi)始成為一種能夠高度自由的抒發(fā)情感,表現(xiàn)書(shū)法家個(gè)性的藝術(shù)草書(shū)的最初階段是草隸,到了東漢時(shí)期,草隸進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,形成了章草,后由張芝創(chuàng)立了今草,即草書(shū)
巴金在十年浩劫中的大致經(jīng)歷:放棄包弟并沒(méi)有換得保全一家人,1968年8月,巴金被關(guān)進(jìn)牛棚改造,隨后經(jīng)受了大字報(bào)、掛牌游街等形式的批斗。1970年,到農(nóng)村改造,掏大糞、喂豬、背稻草、種地……1972年,妻子蕭珊在飽受精神折磨后患上癌癥,病逝。巴金的兒子在勞動(dòng)改造的過(guò)程中也飽受精神和肉體上的折磨,性格變得內(nèi)向抑郁,疾病纏身。此時(shí),巴金69歲。巴金曾在《病中》一文寫(xiě)道:“當(dāng)姚文元拿著棒子的時(shí)候,我給關(guān)在牛棚里除了唯唯諾諾之外,敢于做過(guò)什么事情?十年間我不過(guò)是一條含著眼淚等人宰割的牛?!毙〗Y(jié):(幻燈片12)社會(huì)是病態(tài)的社會(huì),政治是高壓的政治,人性是扭曲的人性。十年文革,十年浩劫,給多少人留下了累累不可彌合的精神創(chuàng)傷。即使一條小狗,也可能擺脫不了“文革”無(wú)情的迫害,比如包弟,比如藝術(shù)家鄰居的小狗。
(1)主人公大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾:大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的主人公,曾經(jīng)是個(gè)孤兒。作家描寫(xiě)了他從孤兒成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)具有人道主義精神的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義作家的過(guò)程。他善良,誠(chéng)摯,聰明,勤奮好學(xué),有自強(qiáng)不息的勇氣、百折不回的毅力和積極進(jìn)取的精神,在逆境中滿(mǎn)懷信心,在順境中加倍努力,終于獲得了事業(yè)上的成功和家庭的幸福。在這個(gè)人物身上寄托著狄更斯的道德理想。(2)《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的女性形象:在狄更斯筆下,《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》塑造了一個(gè)個(gè)有血有肉的人物形象,每個(gè)任務(wù)都給人留下了深刻的印象,尤其是成功塑造了不同性格、不同品德的女性形象:貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂、克拉拉、朵拉、摩德斯通小姐、米考伯太太、艾米麗……貝西姨婆與摩德斯通小姐的對(duì)比,克拉拉、朵拉與艾妮斯的對(duì)比更使她們栩栩如生,對(duì)貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂的愛(ài)就更深一層,對(duì)摩德斯通小姐更是恨之入骨,對(duì)朵拉、克拉拉既同情又氣憤。
第7~10段,我們?nèi)〉昧顺醪降某删?。先?xiě)毛澤東主席的號(hào)召,激勵(lì)無(wú)數(shù)的航天人去實(shí)現(xiàn)千年夢(mèng)想;接著寫(xiě)我們的計(jì)劃,上天畢竟是一件天大的事情,不是誰(shuí)一句話就能吹上去的,需要有周密的計(jì)劃,這計(jì)劃的第一步是研制火箭,成功了,而從毛主席發(fā)出號(hào)召開(kāi)始到火箭成功發(fā)射才用了1年零9個(gè)月;又用了不到10年的時(shí)間中國(guó)的第一顆人造衛(wèi)星又上了天,“宣告中國(guó)進(jìn)入了航天時(shí)代”。由號(hào)召,到計(jì)劃,到成功,一步一步寫(xiě)來(lái),緊張的任務(wù),緊湊的文章,娓娓道來(lái),條理清晰。第11~13段,人造衛(wèi)星上天了,下一步就是載人飛天,圓千年夢(mèng)想。我們也做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作,一是航天材料、食品等的準(zhǔn)備,一是航天員的準(zhǔn)備,已經(jīng)挑選了19位優(yōu)秀的飛行員,他們是航天員的預(yù)備軍??磥?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)人的航天夢(mèng)已為時(shí)不遠(yuǎn)了??墒窃诳茖W(xué)上是沒(méi)有坦途的,由于多方面的原因,計(jì)劃擱淺了,我們的飛天夢(mèng)想“只能塵封在一張張構(gòu)思草圖中”,這是多么遺憾的事?。?/p>
3、介紹對(duì)聯(lián)的歷史引出本課的重點(diǎn)。人類(lèi)歷史上的第一副對(duì)聯(lián)是“新年納余慶,嘉節(jié)號(hào)長(zhǎng)春”。出現(xiàn)在五代十國(guó)時(shí)期(公元964年),距離現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有1044年了。有著一千多年歷史的對(duì)聯(lián)有什么基本的特點(diǎn)呢?這是我們這節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)?jiān)谧母魑划?dāng)回醫(yī)生,給下面這幅對(duì)聯(lián)號(hào)號(hào)脈,看它對(duì)仗是否工整?上聯(lián):冬去春來(lái)千條楊柳迎風(fēng)綠下聯(lián):冰消雪化梅花萬(wàn)朵撲鼻有什么問(wèn)題,怎么改?剛才這幾位同學(xué)指出了這幅對(duì)聯(lián)的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,也提出了兩條修改意見(jiàn)。第一是下聯(lián)少了一個(gè)字,最好是添加一個(gè)“香”字;第二是下聯(lián)的“梅花萬(wàn)朵”與上聯(lián)的“千條楊柳”是數(shù)量詞對(duì)名詞,名詞對(duì)數(shù)量詞,對(duì)仗不工整,要調(diào)整為“萬(wàn)朵梅花”。這樣,數(shù)量詞“萬(wàn)朵”對(duì)“千條”,名詞“梅花”對(duì)“楊柳”。大家還有沒(méi)有不同的看法。這樣我們就可以得出對(duì)聯(lián)的兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)特點(diǎn):第一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是上下聯(lián)字?jǐn)?shù)要相等(板書(shū))。就是上聯(lián)有幾個(gè)字,下聯(lián)也要有幾個(gè)字。大家記下來(lái),對(duì)聯(lián)基本要求一,“上下聯(lián)字?jǐn)?shù)相等”。這個(gè)要求是很?chē)?yán)格的,一般來(lái)說(shuō),違反這個(gè)規(guī)則就不成對(duì)聯(lián)了。
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
二、文本解讀方法點(diǎn)撥研讀課文第三、第四段。要求:師范讀,生輕聲跟讀,然后生齊讀。方法:第三段秦統(tǒng)一天下前,應(yīng)用較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)勢(shì)讀出,充分渲染塑造一個(gè)“威加海內(nèi)”的帝王形象。統(tǒng)一天下之后,秦王朝至此已達(dá)頂峰,這意味著從此轉(zhuǎn)入守勢(shì)。這段文字義正詞嚴(yán),充分揭露了秦的暴虐無(wú)道,故誦讀應(yīng)有“聲討”之勢(shì)。末句“天下已定”總承以上內(nèi)容,其后應(yīng)有較長(zhǎng)停頓,然后轉(zhuǎn)入敘秦始皇的心態(tài),用以反襯下文滅亡之速,讀時(shí)須有嘲諷意,突出“自以為”“萬(wàn)世之業(yè)”等詞語(yǔ)。第四段起首“始皇既沒(méi),余威震于殊俗”兩句,暗示民心不服,人人自危,宜用從容、沉著的語(yǔ)調(diào)讀出?!叭魂惿娈Y牖繩樞之子……”急轉(zhuǎn)直下,稍作停頓,以下先抑(“陳涉”至“之富”)后揚(yáng)(“躡足”至段末)宜讀出對(duì)比情調(diào)。末句敘事結(jié)束全篇,要讀得沉著、有力。三、信息篩選學(xué)生自譯課文(一)學(xué)生參照文下注釋?zhuān)谧g第三、四段,遇有疑難則作好相應(yīng)標(biāo)記,為討論做好準(zhǔn)備。
竇娥的三樁誓愿明明是幻想,卻偏偏寫(xiě)成現(xiàn)實(shí),明明是不合理的偏偏寫(xiě)成合理的,這說(shuō)明了什么?明確:這說(shuō)明在當(dāng)時(shí)的歷史條件下,除了乞求天地鬼神申訴冤屈以外,沒(méi)有別的辦法,作者采用這種浪漫主義的表現(xiàn)手法,一是表明社會(huì)的腐敗黑暗,二是刻畫(huà)竇娥強(qiáng)烈的反抗精神,三是表達(dá)人民要懲治邪惡的愿望?!吧贰本褪墙Y(jié)尾的曲牌,為什么關(guān)漢卿要把“煞”分成[二煞][一煞][煞尾]三個(gè)曲牌呢?明確:說(shuō)明蓄積在竇娥胸中的怒火再也無(wú)法控制,猶如地下巖漿,沖向決口。也說(shuō)明劇作家意猶未盡,他要把竇娥的無(wú)辜受害,要把人們對(duì)竇娥的同情,要把人們對(duì)統(tǒng)治者的憤恨表現(xiàn)得痛痛快快,淋漓盡致。于是在結(jié)尾處一波三折,把高潮推向頂峰。《竇娥冤》中有兩句唱詞,兩個(gè)牌文本不同,試分析其優(yōu)劣?!豆琶译s劇》本:地也,你不分好歹難為地;天也,我今日負(fù)屈銜冤哀告天。
【教學(xué)過(guò)程】一、介紹作者沈從文先生(1902~1988),現(xiàn)代作家、歷史文物研究學(xué)者。原名沈岳煥,筆名小兵、懋琳、休蕓蕓等。湖南鳳凰(今屬湘西土家族苗族自治州)人。1926年出版第一本創(chuàng)作集《鴨子》,有7O余種作品集,被人稱(chēng)為多產(chǎn)作家。主要代表作有:短篇小說(shuō)《丈夫》、《貴生》、《三三》,長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《邊城》、《長(zhǎng)河》,以反映湘西下層人民生活的作品最具特色。他的創(chuàng)作表現(xiàn)手法不拘一格,文體不拘常例,故事不拘常格,嘗試各種體式和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作,成為現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上不可多得的“文體作家”。在文學(xué)態(tài)度上,沈從文先生一直堅(jiān)持自由主義立場(chǎng),堅(jiān)持文學(xué)要超越政治和商業(yè)的影響。1948年沈從文先生受到了左翼文化界猛烈批判,郭沫若斥責(zé)沈從文先生:“一直是有意識(shí)的作為反動(dòng)派而活動(dòng)著”。下半生從事文物、工藝美術(shù)圖案及物質(zhì)文化史的研究工作。1978年調(diào)中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院歷史研究所任研究員,致力于中國(guó)古代服飾及其他史學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究。于1980年應(yīng)邀赴美國(guó)講學(xué),并進(jìn)入諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的終審名單。
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容及步驟】第一課時(shí)一、簡(jiǎn)介并導(dǎo)入:這篇小說(shuō)是發(fā)表于《青年文學(xué)》1982年第五期,并獲得1982年全國(guó)最佳短篇小說(shuō)獎(jiǎng)的小說(shuō)。作者鐵凝,1957年生,河北趙縣人,現(xiàn)任中國(guó)作家協(xié)會(huì)理事,發(fā)表中短篇小說(shuō)60余篇,出版有短篇小說(shuō)集《夜路》,中短篇小說(shuō)集《沒(méi)有紐扣的紅襯衫》《鐵凝小說(shuō)集》。她以一個(gè)女作家的敏銳、細(xì)膩的藝術(shù)感受力,真摯美好的情致,對(duì)生活素材獨(dú)到的發(fā)掘和精巧提取,語(yǔ)言清朗睿智,作品蘊(yùn)涵深摯,質(zhì)樸優(yōu)美。這篇小說(shuō)寫(xiě)的是一群以香雪為代表的山村少女對(duì)開(kāi)進(jìn)深山的火車(chē)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的喜怒哀樂(lè),以此折射出受現(xiàn)代文明沖擊的農(nóng)村蹣跚前進(jìn)的身影。小說(shuō)借臺(tái)兒溝的一角,寫(xiě)出了改革開(kāi)放后中國(guó)從歷史的陰影下走出,擺脫封閉、愚昧和落后,走向開(kāi)放、文明與進(jìn)步的痛苦與喜悅,構(gòu)思巧妙,表述獨(dú)特,語(yǔ)言精美。小說(shuō)主要通過(guò)哪幾個(gè)故事情節(jié)表現(xiàn)的呢?
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】Ⅰ、學(xué)習(xí)理解詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的暗示性特質(zhì)。Ⅱ、根據(jù)詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言的特質(zhì),進(jìn)行遷移,領(lǐng)略詩(shī)歌的精妙之處,給同學(xué)如何鑒賞詩(shī)歌提供實(shí)感。㈠、導(dǎo)入:各位同學(xué),有個(gè)成語(yǔ)叫"一字千金"。對(duì)我而言,第一次領(lǐng)略到一個(gè)字的分量,是在小學(xué)三年級(jí)的時(shí)候,一次作文評(píng)析課上。當(dāng)時(shí)我對(duì)自己的文章充滿(mǎn)了期待,希望能得到老師的贊賞。記得老師進(jìn)來(lái)后的第一句話是"有一篇文章,我就沖它用了一個(gè)字,我給它打95分。打這樣的高分,對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō),是極為難得的。"同學(xué)都充滿(mǎn)了好奇,老師接著說(shuō)"這個(gè)字就是一個(gè)'悟'字。我們的同學(xué)都說(shuō)我學(xué)到了,我明白了,我懂得了一個(gè)道理,而這位同學(xué)卻用了一個(gè)'悟'字,難能可貴。"這篇文章不是我的,在羨慕的同時(shí),一個(gè)字在文章中的分量就深深的刻在了我的心上。文學(xué)作品中,一個(gè)字精妙與否,足以決定作品是流光溢彩,還是黯然失色。尤其是我們的古典詩(shī)詞,用簡(jiǎn)短的幾個(gè)字,造就的卻是豐富的情感與博大的意境。讀后滿(mǎn)口余香,卻是妙處難與君說(shuō)。這跟詩(shī)歌的語(yǔ)言是密不可分的。今天,我們就通過(guò)《說(shuō)"木葉"》一文,對(duì)中國(guó)古典詩(shī)詞語(yǔ)言特質(zhì)作一番探幽。
⒈作者是如何寫(xiě)洪州的地理風(fēng)貌的?突出了什么特點(diǎn)?明確:“豫章故郡,洪都新府?!报D―歷史久遠(yuǎn)“星分翼軫,地接衡廬”――界域遼闊?!敖笕鴰搴?,控蠻荊而引甌越”――地勢(shì)宏偉2.作者怎樣寫(xiě)參加宴會(huì)的人物,照應(yīng)了前文的哪個(gè)詞語(yǔ)?明確:作者在寫(xiě)參加宴席人物時(shí),用了“雅望”“懿范”“勝友”“高朋”“騰蛟起鳳”“紫電清霜”等詞語(yǔ),極盡人物的文韜武略,照應(yīng)了前文的“俊采”一詞。3.文章開(kāi)始不寫(xiě)樓臺(tái),不寫(xiě)宴會(huì),而先寫(xiě)地勢(shì)與人物,這樣寫(xiě)有何好處?明確:文章借用鋪陳的手法,歷敘界域之大,地勢(shì)之雄,物產(chǎn)豐富,人才俊美,既渲染了和樂(lè)的氛圍、宴會(huì)的高雅,同時(shí)也緊扣照應(yīng)了題目《秋日登洪府滕王閣餞別序》7.小結(jié):本段略寫(xiě)洪州的地理風(fēng)貌,極寫(xiě)滕王閣的無(wú)限壯美,和周?chē)h(huán)境的超凡脫俗,以及閣中如云高朋的文才武略。這樣寫(xiě),既初步寫(xiě)出了滕王閣的不同凡響,又為后文詳寫(xiě)做好了鋪墊。