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部編版語(yǔ)文八年級(jí)下冊(cè)《在長(zhǎng)江源頭各拉丹冬》教案
【深入研讀，探究方法】1.語(yǔ)言優(yōu)美，通俗易懂，妙筆生花。文章中運(yùn)用“靜穆”“晶瑩”“熠熠爍爍”這些優(yōu)美鮮活的詞語(yǔ)，生動(dòng)形象地描繪了各拉丹冬的千姿百態(tài)，壯觀奇景，使文章更加的靈動(dòng)，給人以無(wú)限美感。作者以自己的游覽經(jīng)歷講述，語(yǔ)言平實(shí)，淺顯易懂。2.主題鮮明，意味深長(zhǎng)。文章主要講述作者的一次雪域高原之游，描寫(xiě)了各拉丹冬美麗壯觀的景色和作者攀登的經(jīng)歷，給我們以啟示：做任何事情要不放棄，不半途而廢，勇往直前就能達(dá)到自己想要的目標(biāo)。3.善用比喻，生動(dòng)形象。文中處處可見(jiàn)比喻的修辭手法，“陽(yáng)光……巨人” “像長(zhǎng)發(fā)披肩”都運(yùn)用了比喻的修辭手法，使各拉丹冬的景色更生動(dòng)具體，富有感染力，給人以深刻的印象，引發(fā)讀者的聯(lián)想和想象。
部編版語(yǔ)文八年級(jí)下冊(cè)《綜合性學(xué)習(xí)：倡導(dǎo)低碳生活》教案
【新課導(dǎo)入】抬頭仰望天空，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)曾經(jīng)湛藍(lán)的天不再那么明凈；低頭俯視大地，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)曾經(jīng)清澈見(jiàn)底的河流不再那么透明；靜靜聆聽(tīng)，回響在我們耳邊的不再是婉轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)聽(tīng)的鳥(niǎo)叫蟲(chóng)鳴，而是轟隆隆的機(jī)器運(yùn)作；放眼望去，呈現(xiàn)在我們眼前的不再是郁郁蔥蔥的森林綠地，而是灰暗單調(diào)的高樓和冰冷的水泥路面……隨著工業(yè)化的進(jìn)程，我們的生活已被污染包圍，倡導(dǎo)低碳生活，刻不容緩?！局攸c(diǎn)解讀】認(rèn)識(shí)低碳生活、宣傳低碳生活、爭(zhēng)做低碳達(dá)人。1. 認(rèn)識(shí)低碳生活低碳，英文為low carbon，意指較低的溫室氣體（二氧化碳為主）排放。低碳生活，就是指生活作息時(shí)所耗用的能量要盡力減少，從而降低碳，特別是二氧化碳的排放量，進(jìn)而減少對(duì)大氣的污染，減緩生態(tài)惡化，要求從節(jié)水、節(jié)電、節(jié)氣和回收四個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)改變生活細(xì)節(jié)。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Have you ever been to an amusement park教案
（1）Have you ever been to …? Yes, I have. / Yes, I have ever been to …No, I haven’t. / No, I have never been to …（2）When did you go there? I went there last year. （3）I have never been to a water park. Neither have I. I have ever been to an amusement park. So have I. （4）How long have you been studying English? I’ve been studying English since nine o’clock. I’ve been studying English since I came back home. I’ve been studying English for five hours. （5）What’s that? It’s an amusement park in Japan. I’ve never been to an amusement park like it before. It’s fun to learn another language. Let’s go tonight. Isn’t this great?space museum, amusement park, water park, South America, Peru, Holland, European culture, tour guide, flight attendant, musical instrument, more than, be from, get to, take lessons, neither, discover, graduate, change
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)What should I do教案2篇
說(shuō)明：在幫Li Lei提建議的同時(shí)，教育學(xué)生如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。第三課時(shí)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)：a) 詞匯: Original, in style, haircut, the same as.b) 語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu):My friend wears the same clothes and has the same haircut as I do.2. 能力目標(biāo):大多數(shù)學(xué)生能夠談?wù)撟约合矚g哪種服裝，提高查找信息的能力。3. 情感目標(biāo):學(xué)會(huì)如何與朋友相處，要有自己對(duì)時(shí)尚的看法。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)掌握一些重要詞匯。教學(xué)難點(diǎn)學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)搯?wèn)題，并能提出書(shū)面建議。◆教學(xué)突破首先針對(duì)Erin的問(wèn)題，提出個(gè)人的建議，模仿2c部分的對(duì)話展開(kāi)雙人交際Pair-work；聽(tīng)老師誦讀3a部分的信件，并找出LEFT OUT的問(wèn)題所在；學(xué)生完成3b部分的內(nèi)容，給Left Out提出書(shū)面的建議；學(xué)以口頭形式提出自己目前存在的某個(gè)問(wèn)題，講給大家聽(tīng)，讓同學(xué)們給自己提出一個(gè)建議，并作筆錄；學(xué)生兩、三個(gè)人分成一組，隨意性地進(jìn)行口語(yǔ)交際，談?wù)揚(yáng)14的第4部分的某個(gè)問(wèn)題，相互交換意見(jiàn)。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time教案2篇
區(qū)分賓語(yǔ)從句、定于從句和狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句，都叫做主從復(fù)合句。賓語(yǔ)從句主要是中考必考的，是初中階段必掌握的從句，賓語(yǔ)從句主要是掌握三要素，所謂賓語(yǔ)從句，就是賓語(yǔ)在主從復(fù)合句當(dāng)中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的一個(gè)句子，叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，后面如果是詞或者是短語(yǔ)的話，是簡(jiǎn)單句，如果是句子的話，肯定是賓語(yǔ)從句。I know that he good at English.就是賓語(yǔ)從句，三要素，一要素是要注意連詞，連詞一共學(xué)了三類連詞，一類連詞是that口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中可以省略，就像剛才說(shuō)的那一句，I hear he is good at English.還有疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞，how where when，疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞。還有一類連詞weather是否的意思，不是狀語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中的如果，這一定要和如果區(qū)分開(kāi)，這是是否。I don't know if he interested at English。賓語(yǔ)從句要注意if是連詞。第二要素是語(yǔ)序，要用陳述舉語(yǔ)序。比如說(shuō)你家有幾口人，我們都說(shuō)How many people are there in you family?但是這是簡(jiǎn)單句，一旦說(shuō)成賓語(yǔ)從句，你可以告訴我你家有幾口人嗎？Could you tell me how many people there are in you family ?
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)It’s a nice day, isn’t it教案2篇
"Hello! Welcome to English class! Introduce yourself. Meet your new classmates." That's what the teacher says. What do you say? "Oh no!" It can be difficult talking to new people. But it can be fun, and you can make friends. How do you do it? Make small talk. Small talk is polite conversation. "Wang Nan is a great pingpang player, isn't she?" "I'd love to meet her, wouldn't you?" "It's been raining a lot, hasn't it?" Tag questions are a form of polite speech. To make small talk successfully, you should know how to make them. You should also know what topics to talk about. Try to learn this unit carefully. The next time you're in English class, you'll find out. Making small talk's easy, isn't it? (“你好！歡迎你！請(qǐng)做一下自我介紹。認(rèn)識(shí)一下你的新同學(xué)。”通常在課上老師會(huì)這樣說(shuō)。你會(huì)說(shuō)什么呢？“噢，不！”與陌生人談話太困難了。但是這也很有意思，并且你還能交到朋友。你該怎么做呢？閑聊。閑聊指得是禮貌的對(duì)話?！巴蹰且粋€(gè)很棒的乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，不是嗎？”“我希望自己能認(rèn)識(shí)她，你呢？“今年的雨水很多，不是嗎？”反意疑問(wèn)句是一種禮貌用語(yǔ)。為了使得談話成功，你應(yīng)該知道怎樣去進(jìn)行閑聊。你還應(yīng)該知道與不同的人該談?wù)撌裁礃拥脑掝}。認(rèn)真的學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)單元吧，下次在英語(yǔ)課上，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)與大家展開(kāi)談話是一件很容易的事情，不信我們來(lái)試試。)
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)He said I was hard-working教案2篇
This activity introduces some new vocabulary and provide oral practice using the target language.Task 1 . Ask four students to stand in front of the class, and the teacher asks them the following questions as a reporter.1.What are you going to do when you grow up?2.What are you going to do next week?3.What are going to do after school?The students will give different answers, then ask a good student to report what they said.I am going to e a doctor.What did she say?----------She said she was going to be a doctor.I am going to have a party on Friday night.What did he say?-------He said he was going to have a party on Friday night.I am going to do my homework.What did she say ?------ She said she was going to do her homework.I am going home after school.What did she say?-----She said she was going home after school.Say In this unit we are going to learn to use words like to report what someone said.Task 2. Read the instructions. Then ask a student to read the four questions. And write the words on the Bb. Explain what soap opera is.Task 3. Ask the students to Look at the pictures, point out the TV screens in the picture. Ask one girl to read what Marcia said.What did Marcia say? She said She said she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night. Repeat the other pictures in the same way.Activity3. Listen and number the pictures in activity 1a.
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)How long have you been collecting shells教案2篇
Step Ⅱ Show the new words on the screen and teach the new words. Read the new words to students and ask them to repeat.Step Ⅲ 3aThis activity introduces new vocabulary and provides reading practice using the target language.In this activity first look at the four pictures.T: What can you see in the pictures?Ss: Four snow globes.T: Right. There are four snow globes in the pictures. And what are they?Ss: They are a monster, two polar bears, two penguins and a birthday cake.Write these words on the blackboard: snow globe; monster; polar bear; penguin and birthday cake. Read them to the class and ask students to repeat each one. Make sure students understand each word.Use a computer to show the E-mail message on the screen and read the message to students.Get students to read the e-mail on their own, and then draw lines connecting each snow globe and its description.Correct the answers.AnswersA line should connect each snow globe picture with the words that describe it in the letter.Step Ⅳ 3bThis activity provides writing practice using the target language.First review Activity 2a on Page 47.Then ask students to complete the message according to Activity 2a.Some partial sentences are given to students. Write about one person's collection.When students work, walk around the room checking the progress and offering help as needed.When they finish, ask some students to read their messages to the class.
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)What were you doing when the UFO arrived教案2篇
(一).知識(shí)方面: 1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生能運(yùn)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)來(lái)描述、談?wù)撨^(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作的意識(shí)和能力，能就過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作做出正確的描述。 2.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的想象力和角色扮演的合作能力。 3.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生講述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情經(jīng)過(guò)的能力。能正確運(yùn)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)講述故事。 (二).技能方面: 1.本單元的語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)是Talk about past events and tell a story（談?wù)撨^(guò)去的時(shí)間和講述一個(gè)故事），圍繞這一目標(biāo)，要涉及句型： What were you doing when the UFO arrived? ----I was sitting in the barber’s chair. The barber was cutting my hair. 因此必須學(xué)習(xí)standing、studying、cleaning、sleeping、cooking、making、eating、cutting、等表示地點(diǎn)的詞，以便為上述句型提供語(yǔ)言材料。2.學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)知識(shí)。Was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞，是該時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)式。 3.在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，要區(qū)分The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.和While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.這兩種由when和while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。注意它們的不同。
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Why don’t you get her a scarf教案
教師帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)有關(guān)描述寵物的詞匯，采用教師提問(wèn)學(xué)生回答的方進(jìn)行。如：T：What animals do you think would be good pets？What animals do you think would be bad pets？What do you think are good animals for a six-year-old child？然后學(xué)生進(jìn)行 pairwork 練習(xí)。Task two: 師生互動(dòng)，學(xué)習(xí)探究 1、播放3a部分的錄音，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生一邊聽(tīng)錄音，一邊跟讀。2、通過(guò)聽(tīng)錄音學(xué)生回答以下問(wèn)題：Why do you think pot-bellied pigs are popular？What are the advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet？教師對(duì)學(xué)生的回答進(jìn)行及時(shí)點(diǎn)評(píng)。3．學(xué)習(xí)范文，學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)，為下步的模仿寫(xiě)作提供語(yǔ)言素材。T :1. )Have you ever kept a pig as a pet?Do you like pigs? St.:No.…Why don’t you like to keep a pig? St: No.They’re too dirty and lazy(Do you know in some foreign countries like Hollyland, Australia,pigs are the most popular pet.there’s a kind of pig.(圖)it has an interesting name? it ‘s called a pot-bellied pig.) Now,let’s learn an article about this kind of interesting pet.2.)play the tapeSt.:Listen and repeat3.)show some Qs on computer(本子St.: read silently,then answerthe Qs(本子)4.)Ask ss. Close book and retell this passage.(what is a pot-bellied pig? Is it a good or bad pet? ) St.: retell it to each other“A pot –bellied pig is a popular pet now…”5.read the article together.St.:.practice reading
人教版新目標(biāo)初中英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)Would you mind turning down the music教案
Step 4. Group work (4)1. Ask a pair of students to read the dialogue. Say, This activity provides speaking, listening and writing practice using the target language.2. Ask students to complete the work in groups.3. Check the answers with the whole class. 4. Explain some of the language points. Step 5. Word review (Self check 1)1. Ask students to read the words and the phrases given. 2. Fill in the blanks with proper forms of these words to complete the sentences. 3. Check the answers with the whole class. Homework:Do activity 2 on page 57 after class. Period 6Teaching aims: 1. Teach vocabulary words and the useful expressions. 2. Enable the students to learn etiquette in different culture. 3. Help the students learn how to behave politely in public places and in daily life. Teaching procedures:Step 1. RevisionHelp students to review the function of making requests through a free talk. Then lead them to the topic of etiquette. Explain the meaning of etiquette. Or, ask students to look it up in the dictionary. Step 2. Pre-reading (Section 1)1. Ask students to read the picture and make a list with their partner about how many rules of etiquette can be seen being broken.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)變形后提公因式因式分解教案
(3)分解因式：1＋x＋x(x＋1)＋x(x＋1)2＋…＋x(x＋1)n(n為正整數(shù))．解析：(1)根據(jù)已知計(jì)算過(guò)程直接得出因式分解的方法即可；(2)根據(jù)已知分解因式的方法可以得出答案；(3)由(1)中計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律進(jìn)而得出答案．解：(1)因式分解的方法是提公因式法，共應(yīng)用了3次；(2)分解因式1＋x＋x(x＋1)＋x(x＋1)2＋…＋x(x＋1)2015，需應(yīng)用上述方法2016次，結(jié)果是(1＋x)2015；(3)1＋x＋x(x＋1)＋x(x＋1)2＋…＋x(x＋1)n＝(1＋x)n＋1.方法總結(jié)：解決此類問(wèn)題需要認(rèn)真閱讀，理解題意，根據(jù)已知得出分解因式的規(guī)律是解題關(guān)鍵．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．提公因式分解因式的一般步驟：(1)觀察；(2)適當(dāng)變形；(3)確定公因式；(4)提取公因式．2．提公因式法因式分解的應(yīng)用本課時(shí)是在上一課時(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的拓展延伸，在教學(xué)時(shí)要給學(xué)生足夠主動(dòng)權(quán)和思考空間，突出學(xué)生在課堂上的主體地位，引導(dǎo)和鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自主探究，在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)新能力的同時(shí)提高學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)等腰三角形的判定與反證法教案
方法總結(jié)：本題結(jié)合三角形內(nèi)角和定理考查反證法，解此題關(guān)鍵要懂得反證法的意義及步驟．反證法的步驟是：(1)假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立；(2)從假設(shè)出發(fā)推出矛盾；(3)假設(shè)不成立，則結(jié)論成立．在假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立時(shí)要注意考慮結(jié)論的反面所有可能的情況．如果只有一種，那么否定一種就可以了，如果有多種情況，則必須一一否定．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．等腰三角形的判定定理：有兩個(gè)角相等的三角形是等腰三角形(等角對(duì)等邊)．2．反證法(1)假設(shè)結(jié)論不成立；(2)從假設(shè)出發(fā)推出矛盾；(3)假設(shè)不成立，則結(jié)論成立．解決幾何證明題時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合圖形，聯(lián)想我們已學(xué)過(guò)的定義、公理、定理等知識(shí)，尋找結(jié)論成立所需要的條件．要特別注意的是，不要遺漏題目中的已知條件．解題時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)分析，可以采用執(zhí)果索因(從結(jié)論出發(fā)，探尋結(jié)論成立所需的條件)的方法.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)不等式的基本性質(zhì)教案
【類型二】 根據(jù)不等式的變形確定字母的取值范圍如果不等式(a＋1)x＜a＋1可變形為x＞1，那么a必須滿足________．解析：根據(jù)不等式的基本性質(zhì)可判斷a＋1為負(fù)數(shù)，即a＋1＜0，可得a＜－1.方法總結(jié)：只有當(dāng)不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不等號(hào)的方向才改變．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．不等式的基本性質(zhì)性質(zhì)1：不等式的兩邊都加上(或減去)同一個(gè)整式，不等號(hào)的方向不變；性質(zhì)2：不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)正數(shù)，不等號(hào)的方向不變；性質(zhì)3：不等式的兩邊都乘(或除以)同一個(gè)負(fù)數(shù)，不等號(hào)方向改變．2．把不等式化成“x>a”或“x<a”的形式“移項(xiàng)”依據(jù)：不等式的基本性質(zhì)1；“將未知數(shù)系數(shù)化為1”的依據(jù)：不等式的基本性質(zhì)2、3.本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)不等式的基本性質(zhì)，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，可與等式的基本性質(zhì)進(jìn)行類比，在運(yùn)用性質(zhì)進(jìn)行變形時(shí)，要注意不等號(hào)的方向是否發(fā)生改變；課堂教學(xué)時(shí)，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生大膽質(zhì)疑，通過(guò)練習(xí)中易出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)，提升學(xué)生的自主探究能力.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)多邊形的內(nèi)角和與外角和教案
方法總結(jié)：解題的關(guān)鍵是由題意列出不等式求出這個(gè)少算的內(nèi)角的取值范圍．探究點(diǎn)二：多邊形的外角和定理【類型一】 已知各相等外角的度數(shù)，求多邊形的邊數(shù)正多邊形的一個(gè)外角等于36°，則該多邊形是正()A．八邊形 B．九邊形C．十邊形 D．十一邊形解析：正多邊形的邊數(shù)為360°÷36°＝10，則這個(gè)多邊形是正十邊形．故選C.方法總結(jié)：如果已知正多邊形的一個(gè)外角，求邊數(shù)可直接利用外角和除以這個(gè)角即可．【類型二】 多邊形內(nèi)角和與外角和的綜合運(yùn)用一個(gè)多邊形的內(nèi)角和與外角和的和為540°，則它是()A．五邊形 B．四邊形C．三角形 D．不能確定解析：設(shè)這個(gè)多邊形的邊數(shù)為n，則依題意可得(n－2)×180°＋360°＝540°，解得n＝3，∴這個(gè)多邊形是三角形．故選C.方法總結(jié)：熟練掌握多邊形的內(nèi)角和定理及外角和定理，解題的關(guān)鍵是由已知等量關(guān)系列出方程從而解決問(wèn)題．
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式方程的應(yīng)用教案
解：(1)設(shè)第一次購(gòu)買(mǎi)的單價(jià)為x元，則第二次的單價(jià)為1.1x元，根據(jù)題意得14521.1x－1200x＝20，解得x＝6.經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)，x＝6是原方程的解．(2)第一次購(gòu)買(mǎi)水果1200÷6＝200(千克)．第二次購(gòu)買(mǎi)水果200＋20＝220(千克)．第一次賺錢(qián)為200×(8－6)＝400(元)，第二次賺錢(qián)為100×(9－6.6)＋120×(9×0.5－6.6)＝－12(元)．所以兩次共賺錢(qián)400－12＝388(元)．答：第一次水果的進(jìn)價(jià)為每千克6元；該老板兩次賣(mài)水果總體上是賺錢(qián)了，共賺了388元．方法總結(jié)：本題具有一定的綜合性，應(yīng)該把問(wèn)題分解成購(gòu)買(mǎi)水果和賣(mài)水果兩部分分別考慮，掌握這次活動(dòng)的流程．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)列分式方程解應(yīng)用題的一般步驟是：第一步，審清題意；第二步，根據(jù)題意設(shè)未知數(shù)；第三步，根據(jù)題目中的數(shù)量關(guān)系列出式子，并找準(zhǔn)等量關(guān)系，列出方程；第四步，解方程，并驗(yàn)根，還要看方程的解是否符合題意；最后作答．
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式的基本性質(zhì)教案
【類型二】 分式的約分約分：(1)－5a5bc325a3bc4；(2)x2－2xyx3－4x2y＋4xy2.解析：先找分子、分母的公因式，然后根據(jù)分式的基本性質(zhì)把公因式約去．解：(1)－5a5bc325a3bc4＝5a3bc3（－a2）5a3bc3·5c＝－a25c；(2)x2－2xyx3－4x2y＋4xy2＝x（x－2y）x（x－2y）2＝1x－2y.方法總結(jié)：約分的步驟；(1)找公因式．當(dāng)分子、分母是多項(xiàng)式時(shí)應(yīng)先分解因式；(2)約去分子、分母的公因式．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．分式的基本性質(zhì)：分式的分子與分母都乘以(或除以)同一個(gè)不為零的整式，分式的值不變．2．符號(hào)法則：分式的分子、分母及分式本身，任意改變其中兩個(gè)符號(hào)，分式的值不變；若只改變其中一個(gè)符號(hào)或三個(gè)全變號(hào)，則分式的值變成原分式值的相反數(shù)．本節(jié)課的流程比較順暢，先探究分式的基本性質(zhì)，然后順勢(shì)探究分式變號(hào)法則．在每個(gè)活動(dòng)中，都設(shè)計(jì)了具有啟發(fā)性的問(wèn)題，對(duì)各個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析、歸納總結(jié)、例題示范、方法指導(dǎo)和變式練習(xí)．一步一步的來(lái)完成既定目標(biāo)．整個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程輕松、愉快、和諧、高效.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式的有關(guān)概念教案
解析：由分式有意義的條件得3x－1≠0，解得x≠13.則分式無(wú)意義的條件是x＝13，故選C.方法總結(jié)：分式無(wú)意義的條件是分母等于0.【類型三】 分式值為0的條件若使分式x2－1x＋1的值為零，則x的值為()A．－1 B．1或－1C．1 D．1和－1解析：由題意得x2－1＝0且x＋1≠0，解得x＝1，故選C.方法總結(jié)：分式的值為零的條件：(1)分子為0；(2)分母不為0.這兩個(gè)條件缺一不可．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．分式的概念：一般地，如果A、B表示兩個(gè)整式，并且B中含有字母，那么式子AB叫做分式．2．分式AB有無(wú)意義的條件：當(dāng)B≠0時(shí)，分式有意義；當(dāng)B＝0時(shí)，分式無(wú)意義．3．分式AB值為0的條件：當(dāng)A＝0，B≠0時(shí)，分式的值為0.本節(jié)采取的教學(xué)方法是引導(dǎo)學(xué)生獨(dú)立思考、小組合作，完成對(duì)分式概念及意義的自主探索．提出問(wèn)題讓學(xué)生解決，問(wèn)題由易到難，層層深入，既復(fù)習(xí)了舊知識(shí)又在類比過(guò)程中獲得了解決新知識(shí)的途徑．在這一環(huán)節(jié)提問(wèn)應(yīng)注意循序性，先易后難、由簡(jiǎn)到繁、層層遞進(jìn)，臺(tái)階式的提問(wèn)使問(wèn)題解決水到渠成.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式方程的概念及列分式方程教案
探究點(diǎn)二：列分式方程某工廠生產(chǎn)一種零件，計(jì)劃在20天內(nèi)完成，若每天多生產(chǎn)4個(gè)，則15天完成且還多生產(chǎn)10個(gè)．設(shè)原計(jì)劃每天生產(chǎn)x個(gè)，根據(jù)題意可列分式方程為()A.20x＋10x＋4＝15 B.20x－10x＋4＝15C.20x＋10x－4＝15 D.20x－10x－4＝15解析：設(shè)原計(jì)劃每天生產(chǎn)x個(gè)，則實(shí)際每天生產(chǎn)(x＋4)個(gè)，根據(jù)題意可得等量關(guān)系：(原計(jì)劃20天生產(chǎn)的零件個(gè)數(shù)＋10個(gè))÷實(shí)際每天生產(chǎn)的零件個(gè)數(shù)＝15天，根據(jù)等量關(guān)系列出方程即可．設(shè)原計(jì)劃每天生產(chǎn)x個(gè)，則實(shí)際每天生產(chǎn)(x＋4)個(gè)，根據(jù)題意得20x＋10x＋4＝15.故選A.方法總結(jié)：此題主要考查了由實(shí)際問(wèn)題抽象出分式方程，關(guān)鍵是正確理解題意，找出題目中的等量關(guān)系，列出方程．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．分式方程的概念2．列分式方程本課時(shí)的教學(xué)以學(xué)生自主探究為主，通過(guò)參與學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程，讓學(xué)生感受知識(shí)的形成與應(yīng)用的價(jià)值，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的自覺(jué)性，體驗(yàn)類比學(xué)習(xí)思想的重要性，然后結(jié)合生活實(shí)際，發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)在生活中的廣泛應(yīng)用，感受數(shù)學(xué)之美.
北師大初中八年級(jí)數(shù)學(xué)下冊(cè)分式方程的解法教案
【類型三】 分式方程無(wú)解，求字母的值若關(guān)于x的分式方程2x－2＋mxx2－4＝3x＋2無(wú)解，求m的值．解析：先把分式方程化為整式方程，再分兩種情況討論求解：一元一次方程無(wú)解與分式方程有增根．解：方程兩邊都乘以(x＋2)(x－2)，得2(x＋2)＋mx＝3(x－2)，即(m－1)x＝－10.①當(dāng)m－1＝0時(shí)，此方程無(wú)解，此時(shí)m＝1；②方程有增根，則x＝2或x＝－2，當(dāng)x＝2時(shí)，代入(m－1)x＝－10得(m－1)×2＝－10，m＝－4；當(dāng)x＝－2時(shí)，代入(m－1)x＝－10得(m－1)×(－2)＝－10，解得m＝6，∴m的值是1，－4或6.方法總結(jié)：分式方程無(wú)解與分式方程有增根所表達(dá)的意義是不一樣的．分式方程有增根僅僅針對(duì)使最簡(jiǎn)公分母為0的數(shù)，分式方程無(wú)解不但包括使最簡(jiǎn)公分母為0的數(shù)，而且還包括分式方程化為整式方程后，使整式方程無(wú)解的數(shù)．三、板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)1．分式方程的解法方程兩邊同乘以最簡(jiǎn)公分母，化為整式方程求解，再檢驗(yàn)．2．分式方程的增根(1)解分式方程為什么會(huì)產(chǎn)生增根；(2)分式方程檢驗(yàn)的方法．