三、作出速度-時間圖像(v-t圖像)1、確定運動規(guī)律最好辦法是作v-t圖像,這樣能更好地顯現(xiàn)物體的運動規(guī)律。2、x y x1 x2 y2 y1 0討論如何在本次實驗中描點、連線。(以時間t為橫軸,速度v為縱軸,建立坐標系,選擇合適的標度,把剛才所填表格中的各點在速度-時間坐標系中描出。注意觀察和思考你所描畫的這些點的分布規(guī)律,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些點大致落在同一條直線上,所以不能用折線連接,而用一根直線連接,還要注意連線兩側的點數(shù)要大致相同。)3、若出現(xiàn)了個別明顯偏離絕大部分點所在直線的點,該如何處理?(對于個別明顯偏離絕大部分點所在直線的點,我們可以認為是測量誤差過大、是測量中出現(xiàn)差錯所致,將它視為無效點,但是在圖像當中仍應該保留,因為我們要尊重實驗事實,這畢竟是我們的第一手資料,是原始數(shù)據(jù)。)4、怎樣根據(jù)所畫的v-t圖像求加速度?(從所畫的圖像中取兩個點,找到它們的縱、橫坐標(t1,v1)、(t2,v2),然后代入公式,求得加速度,也就是直線的斜率。在平面直角坐標系中,直線的斜率
3、若出現(xiàn)了個別明顯偏離絕大部分點所在直線的點,該如何處理?(對于個別明顯偏離絕大部分點所在直線的點,我們可以認為是測量誤差過大、是測量中出現(xiàn)差錯所致,將它視為無效點,但是在圖像當中仍應該保留,因為我們要尊重實驗事實,這畢竟是我們的第一手資料,是原始數(shù)據(jù)。)4、怎樣根據(jù)所畫的v-t圖像求加速度?(從所畫的圖像中取兩個點,找到它們的縱、橫坐標(t1,v1)、(t2,v2),然后代入公式,求得加速度,也就是直線的斜率。在平面直角坐標系中,直線的斜率四、實踐與拓展例1、在探究小車速度隨時間變化規(guī)律的實驗中,得到一條記錄小車運動情況的紙帶,如圖所示。圖中A、B、C、D、E為相鄰的計數(shù)點,相鄰計數(shù)點的時間間隔為T=0.1s。⑴根據(jù)紙帶上的數(shù)據(jù),計算B、C、D各點的數(shù)據(jù),填入表中。
從國際法角度看,國際社會的每一個主權國家應該是一律平等的,但是,在現(xiàn)實的國際關系中,每個國家的國際地位、國際影響力,歷來都是由國家力量決定的。國家力量發(fā)生變化,也會引起國際關系的變化。經(jīng)濟、科技落后,軍力不強,國內政局不安,它的國際影響力、參與力就不強。正因為如此,某些發(fā)達國家往往以其強大的國家力量為后盾,推行霸權主義、強權政治。二、維護我國的國家利益教師活動:閱讀教材第100頁內容,思考討論為什么要維護我國的國家利益?我國的國家利益包括哪些內容?學生活動:認真思考并積極討論,踴躍發(fā)言1、原因我國是人民當家作主的社會主義國家,國家利益與人民的根本利益相一致。維護我國的國家利益就是維護廣大人民的根本利益,具有正當性和正義性。2、內容我國國家利益的主要內容包括:安全利益,如國家的統(tǒng)一、獨立、主權和領土完整;政治利益,如我國政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等制度的鞏固;經(jīng)濟利益,如我國資源利用的效益、經(jīng)濟活動的利益和國家物質基礎的增強等。
知識目標1.了解傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)區(qū)的分布、條件和工業(yè)部門。2.掌握傳統(tǒng)的魯爾工業(yè)區(qū)優(yōu)越的區(qū)位條件,了解它的衰落原因及其綜合整治途徑。能力目標1.讀圖分析礦產(chǎn)資源與工業(yè)部門之間的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)學生的地理思維能力、綜合分析能力,明確工業(yè)生產(chǎn)也應因地制宜。2.聯(lián)系實際,了解當?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)工業(yè)發(fā)展狀況,為適應當今世界經(jīng)濟發(fā)展狀況,應有哪些改善措施,培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新能力。德育目標1.通過了解魯爾區(qū)的發(fā)展變化,用發(fā)展的觀點看待傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)區(qū)的改造,適應世界發(fā)展潮流。2.中國已經(jīng)“入世”,我們應用辯證唯物主義觀點分析我國傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)今后遇到的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。
(分析:北京的商業(yè)中心分布和變化大致分三個階段:鐘鼓樓市場、三足鼎立格局形成、環(huán)路沿線商業(yè)中心出現(xiàn)。相對應的交通變化,鐘鼓樓市場衰退與大運河運輸?shù)匚凰ヂ洹⑦\輸方式的變化密切相關,后兩個階段與城市交通干線形態(tài)變化緊密聯(lián)系)。〔承轉〕商業(yè)中心的發(fā)展是隨著交通的發(fā)展而變化的,集鎮(zhèn)也是在交通要道上發(fā)展起來 的。(3)對集鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展的影響〔舉例說明〕陜西省勉縣的長林鎮(zhèn),過去地處漢中經(jīng)褒河去甘肅、四川的必經(jīng)之路,來往客商眾多,商業(yè)十分繁榮。后來由于改線,集鎮(zhèn)逐漸衰落,至今連定期的集市貿易都沒有了,完全退化為單純的居民點。以及運河沿線城鎮(zhèn)如山東等的興衰,亦可說明交通線的改變對聚落的影響。〔總結〕交通線路的改變常會引起集鎮(zhèn)的繁榮或衰落。
知識與技能1.了解大牧場放牧業(yè)和乳畜業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型及其分布。2.通過學習大牧場放牧業(yè),學會分析農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素,訓練讀圖分析能力。3.掌握大牧場放牧業(yè)在經(jīng)營方式、商品化、專業(yè)化、經(jīng)濟效益等方面的特點。4.解西歐乳畜業(yè)的形成因素。過程 與方法1.通過對潘帕斯草原大牧場放牧業(yè)區(qū)位因素的分析,學會歸納大牧場放牧業(yè)的區(qū)位條件。2.把西歐乳畜業(yè)和潘帕斯草原大牧場放牧業(yè)的區(qū)位條件作比較。情感態(tài)度與價值觀1.自然條件是農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型形成的條件,人類必須尊重自然規(guī)律,才能天人合一。2.人文條件也越來越大地影響到農(nóng)業(yè)的區(qū)位選擇,事物是發(fā)展的,不能用靜止的觀點看待問題。【教學重點】1.理解大牧場放牧業(yè)和乳畜業(yè)兩類農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的區(qū)位因素。2.利用圖表資料分析農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素的能力。
1.了解我國城市等級劃分的標準,知道不同國家和地區(qū)城市等級劃分的標準是不同的。2.了解不同的城市等級其城市地域結構不同,提供的服務種類和服務范圍是不同的。聯(lián)系城市地域結構的有關理論,說明不同規(guī)模城市服務功能的差異。3.了解不同等級城市服務范圍的嵌套理論,了解不同等級城市空間分布特點。教學重點:1.了解我國城市等級劃分的標準2.了解不同的城市等級其城市地域結構不同,提供的服務種類和服務范圍是不同的。教學難點::不同等級城市服務范圍的嵌套理論教具準備:多媒體教學方法:比較分析法、圖示法、講述法、列表對比法教學過程:第一課時導入新課:我們生活在不同的城市,如廣州、佛山、西樵等,我們知道,這些城市有大小之分,也就是說城市等級是是不同的,那么城市的等級是如何劃分的呢?不同等級城市的服務功能如何呢?這就是我們今天要探討的第二節(jié)
【教學重點】1.利用農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,學習水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)的特點;2.對比水稻種植業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)兩種農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)地域類型,理解在農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型形成的過程中,各個農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素對其發(fā)展的影響?!窘虒W難點】1.學習農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素分析的方法,分析形成農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的主導因素;2.結合文字資料與圖示資料的閱讀,初步掌握提取地理信息的基本方法?!窘虒W方法】自主探究與講議結合【教學課時】1課時【教學過程】(導入新課)同學們,通過前面一節(jié)課的學習,我們已經(jīng)樹立了農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位因素的基本理論,并且有了農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型的一些基本認識,學習了種植業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)兼有的澳大利亞的混合農(nóng)業(yè),這一節(jié)我們繼續(xù)學習兩種以種 植業(yè)為主的農(nóng)業(yè)地域類型——季風水田農(nóng)業(yè)和商品谷物農(nóng)業(yè)。
一、教材分析第四單元“發(fā)展社會主義市場經(jīng)濟”旨在培養(yǎng)社會主義的建設者,高中生是未來社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設的主力軍,是將來參與市場經(jīng)濟活動的主要角色,承擔著全面建設小康社會的重任,本課的邏輯分為兩目:第一目,從“總體小康到全面小康”。這一部分的邏輯結構如下:首先謳歌我國人民的生活水平達到總體小康這一偉大成就,然后從微觀和宏觀兩個方面介紹總體小康的成就。同時指出,我國現(xiàn)在達到的小康是低水平、不全面、發(fā)展不平衡的小康。第二目“經(jīng)濟建設的新要求”。這一目專門介紹全面建設小康社會的經(jīng)濟目標,也是學生要重點把握的內容。二、教學目標(一)知識目標(1)識記總體小康的建設成就在宏觀和微觀上的表現(xiàn),全面建設小康社會的經(jīng)濟建設目標。(2)理解低水平、不全面、發(fā)展很不平衡的小康,以及小康社會建設進程是不平衡的發(fā)展過程。(3)運用所學知識,初步分析全面建設小康社會的意義。
1、課題引入:11月16日9時40分許,甘肅慶陽市正寧縣榆林子鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生一起重大交通事故,“校車安全”又一次甚囂塵上,我設計提問“校車安全事故然表面是偶然,但又是一種必然,你認為事件的原因何在?”的問題激發(fā)學生的閱讀興趣。我設計典型事例,通過學生討論,教師總結的形式,并得出主次矛盾辯證關系的原理分析。2、具體分析事件背后的原因,從原因中發(fā)現(xiàn),這眾多的原因矛盾中,都有主次方面之分,由于得出矛盾的主次方面原理。3、從原因中,尋找對策,既堅持重點論與兩點論的結合。反對一點論和均衡論。4、無獨有偶,在2011年在湖南,海南,廣西等地均有類似的事件發(fā)生。對比各地事故背后的原因,得出應具體問題具體分析。進而分析具體問題具體分析的意義及地位。
客觀世界中的各種各樣的運動變化現(xiàn)象均可表現(xiàn)為變量間的對應關系,這種關系常常可用函數(shù)模型來描述,并且通過研究函數(shù)模型就可以把我相應的運動變化規(guī)律.課程目標1、能夠找出簡單實際問題中的函數(shù)關系式,初步體會應用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型解決實際問題; 2、感受運用函數(shù)概念建立模型的過程和方法,體會一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型在數(shù)學和其他學科中的重要性. 數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學抽象:總結函數(shù)模型; 2.邏輯推理:找出簡單實際問題中的函數(shù)關系式,根據(jù)題干信息寫出分段函數(shù); 3.數(shù)學運算:結合函數(shù)圖象或其單調性來求最值. ; 4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:二次函數(shù)通過對稱軸和定義域區(qū)間求最優(yōu)問題; 5.數(shù)學建模:在具體問題情境中,運用數(shù)形結合思想,將自然語言用數(shù)學表達式表示出來。 重點:運用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型的處理實際問題;難點:運用函數(shù)思想理解和處理現(xiàn)實生活和社會中的簡單問題.
【例3】本例中“p是q的充分不必要條件”改為“p是q的必要不充分條件”,其他條件不變,試求m的取值范圍.【答案】見解析【解析】由x2-8x-20≤0得-2≤x≤10,由x2-2x+1-m2≤0(m>0)得1-m≤x≤1+m(m>0)因為p是q的必要不充分條件,所以q?p,且p?/q.則{x|1-m≤x≤1+m,m>0}?{x|-2≤x≤10}所以m>01-m≥-21+m≤10,解得0<m≤3.即m的取值范圍是(0,3].解題技巧:(利用充分、必要、充分必要條件的關系求參數(shù)范圍)(1)化簡p、q兩命題,(2)根據(jù)p與q的關系(充分、必要、充要條件)轉化為集合間的關系,(3)利用集合間的關系建立不等關系,(4)求解參數(shù)范圍.跟蹤訓練三3.已知P={x|a-4<x<a+4},Q={x|1<x<3},“x∈P”是“x∈Q”的必要條件,求實數(shù)a的取值范圍.【答案】見解析【解析】因為“x∈P”是x∈Q的必要條件,所以Q?P.所以a-4≤1a+4≥3解得-1≤a≤5即a的取值范圍是[-1,5].五、課堂小結讓學生總結本節(jié)課所學主要知識及解題技巧
本課是高中數(shù)學第一章第4節(jié),充要條件是中學數(shù)學中最重要的數(shù)學概念之一, 它主要討論了命題的條件與結論之間的邏輯關系,目的是為今后的數(shù)學學習特別是數(shù)學推理的學習打下基礎。從學生學習的角度看,與舊教材相比,教學時間的前置,造成學生在學習充要條件這一概念時的知識儲備不夠豐富,邏輯思維能力的訓練不夠充分,這也為教師的教學帶來一定的困難.“充要條件”這一節(jié)介紹了充分條件,必要條件和充要條件三個概念,由于這些概念比較抽象,中學生不易理解,用它們去解決具體問題則更為困難,因此”充要條件”的教學成為中學數(shù)學的難點之一,而必要條件的定義又是本節(jié)內容的難點.A.正確理解充分不必要條件、必要不充分條件、充要條件的概念;B.會判斷命題的充分條件、必要條件、充要條件.C.通過學習,使學生明白對條件的判定應該歸結為判斷命題的真假.D.在觀察和思考中,在解題和證明題中,培養(yǎng)學生思維能力的嚴密性品質.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “talking about how to become an astronaut”. This period is aimed to inform students some details about the requirements of being an astronaut. Students can be motivated and inspired by the astronauts. Teachers ought to encourage students to learn from them and let them aim high and dream big.Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "talk about life in space". This part also informs students more details about life in space and can inspire students to be curious about this job. 1. Guide students to listen for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc2. Cultivate students' ability to talk about how to become an astronaut and life in space ; 3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “ first of all, I am not sure, so what might be .. I guess.. I wonder…I am curious…)appropriately.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to become a qualified astronaut and describe the life in space.Part 1: Listening and SpeakingStep 1: Lead inPredictionThe teacher can ask students to predict what the listening text is about by looking at the pictures.About how to become an astronaut./the requirements of an astronautStep 2: Then, play the radio which is about an interview a. And after finishing listening for the first time, the students need to solve the following tasks.
Q4: What is the function of the International exploration ?Having astronauts from different countries on boardQ5: What can you learn from Para 4 ?China has made great achievements in exploring spaceQ6: What is the attitude to the space exploration ?SupportiveStep 6 Post reading---RetellPeople have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, peoplesucceeded in realizing their dream (3) _________ (explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR. (5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone(6)___________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003, China became the third country to (8)_____________ (independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)____ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Answers: 1. travelling 2. with 3. to explore 4. was launched 5. Although6. disappointed 7. carrying 8. independently 9. a 10. discoveriesStep 6 Post reading---Critical thinkingQ1: What do you think of the space exploration ? I think it is beneficial to us. Through further study of space, people will make full use of it in the future, such as the space experiments by Wang Yaping in Tian Gong 1.Q2: If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present ?First of all, I should study hard to get a related college degree. Besides, I must keep mental and physical healthy.Step 7. HomeworkTry to summarize the structure of the article by a mind map.
另一方面,其余的人反對這個計劃,因為它可能會導致一些不好的影響。7.I hold the belief that space exploration not only enable us to understand how the universe began but also help us survived well into the future.我堅信探索太空不僅能夠使我們了解宇宙的起源而且能夠幫助我們更好地走進未來。8.I think we should spend more time and money exploring space so as to provide new and better solutions to people's shortterm and longterm problems.為了給人類的短期和長期問題提供更新和更好的解決方法,我認為我們應該花更多的時間和金錢來探索太空。9.From my point of view,it is wrong of young people to depend on their telephones too much,which may do harm to both their physical and mental health.在我看來,年輕人過度依賴手機是不對的,因為它們可能會對他們的身心健康都有害。最近你班同學就“人類是否應該進行宇宙探索”這個問題進行了激烈的討論。有人認為,探索宇宙不僅讓人類更好地了解宇宙的發(fā)展,還可以用來指導農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),以及把一些探索太空的高新技術用于現(xiàn)實生活;也有一些人認為探索太空花掉了大量的人力物力;影響了人們的生活水平。請你根據(jù)以下情況寫一篇報告并發(fā)表自己的觀點。注意:1.寫作內容應包括以上全部要點,可適當發(fā)揮,使上下文連貫;
Everybody wants to get wealth.In today’s material world,making money or becoming wealthy symbolizes a person’s success and capability. Many people just make every effort, pay any price to attain greater wealth. With money,they can buy nice, large apartments in nice neighborhood. With money they can own luxurious cars. Wealth seems to bring all happiness in life.But is wealth the only road to happiness? Not really. There are many things in the world, which are beyond the means of money, such as friendship, love, health and knowledge. People are so preoccupied with struggling for money that they have no time or would not take the time to form or maintain friendship. What happiness can they feel living as lonely miserable creatures without love or friends in the world even if they accumulate tremendous wealth?In my opinion, people can’t do anything without money, but money is not everything. What money will bring you depends on your personal belief and goal in life. If you are kind enough to help others, especially the poor, money is a good thing to you. With it, you can do much more for the benefit of people and your country, and it will add to your own happiness. If you want money just for your own needs, you’ll never be satisfied or happy. In a word,you should have money spent for more people. Only then can money be the source of your happiness.Step 8 Homework4 students in a group, one acts Roderick, one Oliver, one servant and the fourth one acts Henry Adams, then listen to the tape, pay more attention to the difference between American English and British English in pronunciation, stress, tone.
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
本節(jié)課是在學習了三角函數(shù)圖象和性質的前提下來學習三角函數(shù)模型的簡單應用,進一步突出函數(shù)來源于生活應用于生活的思想,讓學生體驗一些具有周期性變化規(guī)律的實際問題的數(shù)學“建?!彼枷?從而培養(yǎng)學生的創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力.課程目標1.了解三角函數(shù)是描述周期變化現(xiàn)象的重要函數(shù)模型,并會用三角函數(shù)模型解決一些簡單的實際問題.2.實際問題抽象為三角函數(shù)模型. 數(shù)學學科素養(yǎng)1.邏輯抽象:實際問題抽象為三角函數(shù)模型問題;2.數(shù)據(jù)分析:分析、整理、利用信息,從實際問題中抽取基本的數(shù)學關系來建立數(shù)學模型; 3.數(shù)學運算:實際問題求解; 4.數(shù)學建模:體驗一些具有周期性變化規(guī)律的實際問題的數(shù)學建模思想,提高學生的建模、分析問題、數(shù)形結合、抽象概括等能力.