1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學生以小組為單位展開活動,談論本組所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務所需要的語言結構:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習對話.
教學重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習中學習掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學設計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學法指導:1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學中應注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學生的主體性,引導學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的求知欲和學習積極性,指導學生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學習方法。逐步學會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動學生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學法2.課堂討論法3.任務型教學法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動學生的學習積極性,使學生變被動學習為主動學習。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學效率,進而增大教學的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導,學生為主體的教學原則。
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復習一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學習語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復習舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復習,自然的引到下面新知識的學習。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學生循序漸進. 提高學生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學內(nèi)容與分析:
內(nèi)容提示本單元主要內(nèi)容是學會利用verb十by/with gerund表示方式方法來討論學習英語的策略,認識自己在學習方面的長處和不足。初步了解現(xiàn)在完成時的結構和用法?,F(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞構成,主要表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響或造成的后果,常與already,yet,just,ever,never等副詞連用。教學目標一、學習目標(Language Goal) 1. Talk about how to study . 學會討論各種學習方法和策略。2. Find out your suitable learning methods. 找出適合自己的學習方法。 二、語言結構(Language Structures) 1. Verb + by with gerund by+動名詞短語 表示“通過…途徑,方法” 2. How questions have引導的特殊疑問句 三、目標語言(Target Language) 1. How do you study for tests ? 你是怎樣準備考試的?Well , I study by working with my classmates. 哦,我和同學們一起學習。2. Have you ever studied with a group ? 你曾經(jīng)參加過學習小組嗎?Yes , I have . I’ve learned a lot that way . 是的,參加過。通過這種方式我學了許多。
The First PeriodⅠ.Teaching Aims and DemandsKnowledge Objects(1) Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site(2) Target LanguageWhere would you like to go on vacation?I’d like to trek through the jungle, because I like exciting vacations.2. Ability Objects(1)Train students to talk about places they would like to visit with the target language.(2)Train students to describe vacations with different adjectives.(3)Train students' listening skill.3. Moral Object,It′s more interesting to go on vacating somewhere instead of staying at home.Ⅱ. Teaching Key Points1. Key Vocabularytiring, educational, fascinating, thrilling, peaceful, exotic, trek, jungle, take it easy, explore, historic, site2. Target LanguageTalk about different places with the target language.Ⅲ. Teaching Difficult Points1. Describe vacations with different adjectives.2. Talk about different places with the target language.Ⅳ. Teaching Methods1. Teaching by illumination2. Teaching by doing chain drills3. Teaching by pairworkⅤ. Teaching Aids1. A tape recorder2. Some pictures of different places with famous views
Step 1 Greeting Greet the class and check the homeworkStep 2 A duty report The S on duty gives a report on the rules in his home and lead in 3a “Sun Fei’s and Wu Yu’s rules” Step 3 ReadingSs read the conversation and write the two girls’ rules in the chart. Check the answers.Get Ss to read after the tape and then read aloud by themselves. Then, T explains the language points.Step 4 Pairwork 3bRole play. Use the information in chart to practice with the conversation in 3a covered. They can look at the sample conversation in the right box.Step 5 Task 2 “Who’s the best reporter?”Make a survey by asking any 5 students the questions in the chart in activity 4. Then give out a report about it. See who is the best reporter? And the best reporter will get a nice ball-pen.Step 6 Summary and homework:Write out the report in your exercise-books.Period ThreeStep 1 Greeting and a duty reportThe S gives a duty report talking about his experience of being late for school. Lead in the question “Do you ever get to school late? How often do you get to school late? Always, usually, sometimes, or never?Step 2 1a Get Ss to finish writing.Step 3 Pairwork 1b Get Ss to talk about their answers with their partners using the sample conversation in the box on the right.Step 4 Listening practice2a Lead-in: What will happen if you get to school late? What about Peter? Let’s listen to a conversation between Peter and his father. Get Ss to finish 2a (As usual, for the first time, Ss only listen.) Check the answers.
通過活動讓學生思考:回答問題。對學生的不同回答,只要合理,就給以認可。設計意圖:讓學生學會有條理的表述自己的思考過程,理解三種數(shù)據(jù)都是刻畫了一組數(shù)據(jù)的平均水平。整個授課的過程中,由于問題的難點進行了分解突破,問題的解決水到渠成。同時要學生意識到:學會用數(shù)據(jù)說話,科學地分析身邊的事例。5.歸納小結,鞏固提高。(1)列表對比平均數(shù)眾數(shù)中位數(shù)概念注意點(2)在生活中可用平均數(shù)、眾數(shù)和中位數(shù)這三個特征數(shù)來描述一組數(shù)據(jù)的集中趨勢,它們各有不同的側重點,需聯(lián)系實際進行選擇,對于同一份材料,同一組數(shù)據(jù),不同的目的,應選擇不同的數(shù)據(jù)代表。因從不同的角度進行分析時,看到的結果可能是截然不同的。作為信息的接受者,分析數(shù)據(jù)應該從多角度對統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)作出較全面的分析,從而避免機械的,片面的解釋。
本環(huán)節(jié)運用了一個階梯式的問答方法,幫助突破本節(jié)課的難點。同時,從具體的實際問題入手,由特殊問題到一般規(guī)律的揭示,不僅解決了難點問題,而且從另外一個角度講也滲透給了學生的數(shù)形結合思想,還有利于學生主動探索意識的培養(yǎng)。4、自主評價本環(huán)節(jié)主要是應用本節(jié)課所學的知識以及所積累形成的學習經(jīng)驗和體驗解決問題的過程,即課堂鞏固訓練。在練習題的選擇上,由簡單到復雜。先是結合圖象獲取信息進行簡單的填空和選擇,此題屬于A組題型,檢驗學生的掌握情況;然后進行了一道B組題,關于“一次函數(shù)與一元一次方程的關系”知識點的靈活運用,進一步通過練習體會它們的關系。5、自主發(fā)展:最后一道則是特殊的區(qū)別于之前所學習的分段函數(shù)練習,發(fā)散學生思維問題的訓練。讓學生體會分段函數(shù)的特點,并掌握求分段函數(shù)解析式的方法。
1.小明調(diào)查了班級里20位同學本學期計劃購買課外書的花費情況,并將結果繪制成了下面的統(tǒng)計圖.(1)在這20位同學中,本學期計劃購買課外書的花費的眾數(shù)是多少?(2)計算這20位同學計劃購買課外書的平均花費是多少?你是怎么計算的?反思?交流*(3)在上面的問題,如果不知道調(diào)查的總人數(shù),你還能求平均數(shù)嗎?2.某題(滿分為5分)的得分情況如右圖,計算此題得分的眾數(shù)、中位數(shù)和平均數(shù)。活動4:自主反饋1.下圖反映了初三(1)班、(2)班的體育成績。(1)不用計算,根據(jù)條形統(tǒng)計圖,你能判斷哪個班學生的體育成績好一些嗎?(2)你能從圖中觀察出各班學生體育成績等級的“眾數(shù)”嗎?(3)如果依次將不及格、及格、中、良好、優(yōu)秀記為55、65、75、85、95分,分別估算一下,兩個班學生體育成績的平均值大致是多少?算一算,看看你估計的結果怎么樣?*(4)初三(1)班學生體育成績的平均數(shù)、中位數(shù)和眾數(shù)有什么關系?你能說說其中的理由嗎?
[互動2]師:請大家從上面的解題經(jīng)歷中,總結一下如果已知函數(shù)的圖象,怎樣求函數(shù)的表達式?小組討論之后再發(fā)表意見。生:第一步根據(jù)圖象,確定這個函數(shù)是正比例函數(shù)或是一次函數(shù);第二步設函數(shù)表達式;第三步:根據(jù)表達式列等式,若是正比例函數(shù),只要找圖象上一個點的坐標就可以了;若是一次函數(shù),則需要找到圖象上兩個點的坐標,然后把點的坐標分別代入所設的解析式中,組成關于R、b的一個或兩個方程。第四步:求出R、b的值第五步:把R、b的值代回到表達式中就可以了。師:分析得太好了。那么,大家說一說,確定正比例函數(shù)的表達式需要幾個條件?確定一次函數(shù)的表達式呢?要說明理由。生:確定正比例函數(shù)需要一個條件,而確定一次函數(shù)需要兩個條件。原因是正比例函數(shù)的表達式:y=Rx(R≠0)中,只有一個系數(shù)R,而一次函數(shù)的表達式y(tǒng)=Rx+b(R≠0)中,有兩個系數(shù)(待定)R和b。
③如果某人本月繳所得稅19.2元,那么此人本月工資薪金是多少元?根據(jù)所給條件寫出簡單的一次函數(shù)表達式是本節(jié)課的重點加難點,所以在解決這一問題時及時引導學生總結學習體會,教給學生掌握“從特殊到一般”的認識規(guī)律中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的方法。類比出一次函數(shù)關系式的一般式的求法,以此突破教學難點。在學習過程中,我巡視并予以個別指導,關注學生的個體發(fā)展。經(jīng)學生分析:(1)當月收入大于1600元而小于2100元時,y=0.05×(x-1600);(2)當x=1760時,y=0.05×(1760-1600)=8(元);(3)設此人本月工資、薪金是x元,則19.2=0.05×(x-1600) X=1984五.教學效果課前:通過本節(jié)課的學習,教學目標應該可以基本達成,學生能夠理解一次函數(shù)和正比例函數(shù)的概念,以及它們之間的關系,并能正確識別一次函數(shù)解析式,能根據(jù)所給條件寫出簡單的一次函數(shù)表達式,且通過本節(jié)課的學習學生的抽象思維能力,數(shù)學應用能力都能有所提升,
引導學生回憶所學知識。通過這節(jié)課的學習你得到什么啟示和收獲?談談你的感受.目的:總結回顧學習內(nèi)容,有助于學生養(yǎng)成整理知識的習慣;有助于學生在剛剛理解了新知識的基礎上,及時把知識系統(tǒng)化、條理化。(四)作業(yè)布置加強“教、學”反思,進一步提高“教與學”效果。四、說板書設計采用了如下板書,要點突出,簡明清晰。一次函數(shù)正比例函數(shù)圖像的畫法:確定兩點為(0,0)和(1,K)一次函數(shù)選擇的兩點為:(0,k)和(-b\k,0)五、說課后小結實踐證明,在教學中,充分利用教學方法的優(yōu)勢,為學生創(chuàng)造一個好的學習氛圍,來引導學生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題從而解決問題。多媒體課件支撐著整個教學過程,令學生在一個生動有趣的課堂上,能愉快地接受知識
問題6:觀察剛才所畫的圖象我們發(fā)現(xiàn)反比例函數(shù)的圖象有兩個分支,那么它的分布情況又是怎么樣的呢?在這一環(huán)節(jié)中的設計:(1) 引導學生對比正比例函數(shù)圖象的分布,啟發(fā)他們主動探索反比例函數(shù)的分布情況,給學生充分考慮的時間;(2) 充分運用多媒體的優(yōu)勢進行教學,使用函數(shù)圖象的課件試著任意輸入幾個k的值,觀察函數(shù)圖象的不同分布,觀察函數(shù)圖象的動態(tài)演變過程。把不同的函數(shù)圖象集中到一個屏幕中,便于學生對比和探究。學生通過觀察及對比,對反比例函數(shù)圖象的分布與k的關系有一個直觀的了解;(3) 組織小組討論來歸納出反比例函數(shù)的一條性質(zhì):當k>0時,函數(shù)圖象的兩支分別在第一、三象限內(nèi);當k<0時,函數(shù)圖象的兩支分別在第二、四象限內(nèi)。
目的:進一步理解追擊問題的實質(zhì),與課程引入中的灰太狼追喜羊羊故事呼應,問題得到解決。環(huán)節(jié)三、運用鞏固活動內(nèi)容:育紅學校七年級學生步行郊外旅行,1班的學生組成前隊,步行速度為4千米/小時,3班的學生組成后隊,步行速度為6千米/小時,1班出發(fā)一個小時后,3班才出發(fā)。請根據(jù)以上的事實提出問題并嘗試回答。問題1:3班追上1班用了多長時間 ?問題2:3班追上1班時,他們離學校多遠?問題3:………………目的:給學生提供進一步鞏固建立方程模型的基本過程和方法的熟悉機會,讓學生活學活用,真正讓學生學會借線段圖分析行程問題的方法,得出其中的等量關系,從而正確地建立方程求解問題,同時還需注意檢驗方程解的合理性.實際活動效果:由于題目較簡單,所以學生分析解答時很有信心,且正確率也比較高,同時也進一步體會到了借助“線段圖”分析行程問題的優(yōu)越性.
一.學生情況分析對于三角形的內(nèi)角和定理,學生在小學階段已通過量、折、拼的方法進行了合情推理并得出了相關的推論。在小學認識三角形,通過觀察、操作,得到了三角形內(nèi)角和是180°。但在學生升入初中階段學習過推理證明后,必須明確推理要有依據(jù),定理必須通過邏輯證明?,F(xiàn)在的學生喜歡動手實驗,操作能力較強,但對知識的歸納、概括能力以及知識的遷移能力不強。部分優(yōu)秀學生已具備良好的學習習慣,有一定分析、歸納能力。
學生以小組為單位,合作探究螞蟻爬行的最短路線,充分討論后,匯總各小組的方案,在全班范圍內(nèi)討論每種方案的路線計算方法,通過具體計算,總結出最短路線。讓學生發(fā)現(xiàn):沿圓柱體母線剪開后展開得到矩形,研究“螞蟻怎么走最近”就是研究兩點連線最短問題,引導學生體會利用數(shù)學解決實際問題的方法:建立數(shù)學模型,構圖,計算.意圖:通過學生的合作探究,找到解決“螞蟻怎么走最近”的方法,將曲面最短距離問題轉化為平面最短距離問題并利用勾股定理求解.在活動中體驗數(shù)學建摸,培養(yǎng)學生與人合作交流的能力,增強學生探究能力,操作能力,分析能力,發(fā)展空間觀念.3.突破重點、突破難點的策略在教學過程中教師應通過情景創(chuàng)設,激發(fā)興趣,鼓勵引導學生經(jīng)歷探索過程,得出結論,從而發(fā)展學生的數(shù)學應用能力,提高學生解決實際問題的能力.