本板塊的活動主題是“談?wù)摴?jié)日活動”(Talk about festival activities),主要是從貼近學(xué)生日常生活的角度來切入“節(jié)日”主題。學(xué)生會聽到發(fā)生在三個國家不同節(jié)日場景下的簡短對話,對話中的人們正在參與或?qū)⒁H歷不同的慶?;顒?。隨著全球化的進程加速,國際交流日益頻繁,無論是國人走出國門還是外國友人訪問中國,都已成為司空見慣的事情。因此,該板塊所選取的三個典型節(jié)日場景都是屬于跨文化交際語境,不僅每組對話中的人物來自不同的文化背景,對話者的身份和關(guān)系也不盡相同。1. Master the new words related to holiday: the lantern, Carnival, costume, dress(sb)up, march, congratulation, congratulate, riddle, ceremony, samba, make - up, after all. 2. To understand the origin of major world festivals and the activities held to celebrate them and the significance of these activities;3. Improve listening comprehension and oral expression of the topic by listening and talking about traditional festivals around the world;4. Improve my understanding of the topic by watching pictures and videos about different traditional festivals around the world;5. Review the common assimilation phenomenon in English phonetics, can distinguish the assimilated phonemes in the natural language flow, and consciously use the assimilation skill in oral expression. Importance:1. Guide students to pay attention to the attitude of the speaker in the process of listening, and identify the relationship between the characters;2. Inspire students to use topic words to describe the festival activities based on their background knowledge. Difficulties:In the process of listening to the correct understanding of the speaker's attitude, accurately identify the relationship between the characters.
*wide range of origins(= a great number of different origins, many kinds of origins)*It featured a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports. (=A parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports were included as important parts of the Egyptian harvest festival.)*.. some traditions may fade away and others may be established.(= Some traditions may disappear gradually, while other new traditions may come into being.)Step 6 Practice(1) Listen and follow the tape.The teacher may remind the students to pay attention to the meaning and usage of the black words in the context, so as to prepare for the completion of the blanks in activity 5 and vocabulary exercises in the exercise book.(2) Students complete the text of activity 5 by themselves.The teacher needs to remind the students to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the vocabulary they have learned in the text.Students exchange their answers with their partners, and then teachers and students check their answers.(3)Finish the Ex in Activity 5 of students’ book.Step 7 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Discuss the origin of festivals, the historical changes of related customs, the influence of commercial society on festivals and the connotation and essential meaning of festivals.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點快速而準確地找到主題句;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否理清論說文的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和文本邏輯,了解節(jié)日風(fēng)俗發(fā)展與變遷,感悟節(jié)日的內(nèi)涵與意義。
The price is the same as(the price was)before the war.價格與戰(zhàn)前相同。(4)定語從句中的“關(guān)系代詞+助動詞be”可以省略。The ticket(that/which was)booked by his sister has been sent to him.他妹妹訂的那張票已送到了他那里。Step 5 PracticeActivity 3(1) Guide students to complete the four activities in the Using Structures part of exercise book, in which activities 1 and 2 focus on ellipsis in dialogue answers, activity 3 focus on signs and headlines, two typical situations where ellipsis is used, and activity 4 focus on ellipsis in diary, an informal style.(2) Combine the examples in the above activities, ask students to summarize the omitted situations in groups, and make their own summary into a poster, and post it on the class wall after class to share with the class.(This step should give full play to the subjectivity of students, and teachers should encourage students to conclude different ellipsis phenomena according to their own understanding, they can conclude according to the different parts omitted in the sentence.)Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the usages of ellipsis;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures of Workbook.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握省略的用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否根據(jù)上下文語境或情景恢復(fù)句子中省略的成分,體會使用省略的效果;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否獨立完成練習(xí)冊和導(dǎo)學(xué)案中的相關(guān)練習(xí)。
(2)Consolidate key vocabulary.Ask the students to complete the exercises of activity 6 by themselves. Then ask them to check the answers with their partners.(The first language:Damage of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire.A second language: Yunnan - one of the most diverse provinces in China).Step 5 Language points1. The teacher asks the students to read the text carefully, find out the more words and long and difficult sentences in the text and draw lines, understand the use of vocabulary, and analyze the structure of long and difficult sentences.2. The teacher explains and summarizes the usage of core vocabulary and asks the students to take notes.3. The teacher analyzes and explains the long and difficult sentences that the students don't understand, so that the students can understand them better.Step 6 Homework1. Read the text again, in-depth understanding of the text;2. Master the use of core vocabulary and understand the long and difficult sentences.3. Complete relevant exercises in the guide plan.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握閱讀文本中的新詞匯的意義與用法;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否結(jié)合文本特點了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的寫作邏輯;3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否了解舊金山的城市風(fēng)貌、文化特色,以及加利福尼亞州的歷史,體會多元文化對美國的影響。
該板塊的活動主題是“介紹一個有顯著文化特征的地方”( Describe a place with distinctive cultural identity)。該板塊通過介紹中國城繼續(xù)聚焦中國文化。本單元主題圖呈現(xiàn)的是舊金山中國城的典型景象, Reading and Thinking部分也提到中國城,為該板塊作鋪墊。介紹中國城的目的主要是體現(xiàn)中國文化與美國多元文化的關(guān)系,它是美國多元文化的重要組成部分。中國城也是海外華人的精神家園和傳播中國文化的重要窗口,外國人在中國城能近距離體驗中國文化。1. Read the text to understand the cultural characteristics of Chinatown in San Francisco and the relationship between Chinese culture and American multiculturalism;2. Through reading, learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose and writing characteristics;3. Learn to give a comprehensive, accurate, and organized description of the city or town you live in;Learn to revise and evaluate your writing.Importance:1. Guide the students to read the introduction of Chinatown in San Francisco and grasp its writing characteristics;2. Guide students to introduce their city or town in a comprehensive, accurate and organized way;3. Learn to comb the main information of the article, understand the author's writing purpose, and master the core vocabulary.
1. Ss look at the picture and scan the passage to understand the main idea while teacher is giving the following questions to inspire Ss to think.*Where are those people?*What are they doing?*Why are they so excited?2. Ss complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form. Then discuss and check the answers with class.Answers: boring, interesting, taking, exciting, amazing3. The teacher raises questions for the students to discuss and encourages them to express their opinions.*Do you like La Tomatina? Why or why not?4. Each group representative reports the discussion result, the teacher gives feedback and the evaluation.Step 6 PracticeActivity 41. Ss complete the Ex 2 in Using structures.2. Check the answers after finishing the exercises.①The dragon boat races are the most exciting part of the Dragon Boat Festival.② The children were excited to go Easter egg hunting.③What an amazing performance! This is the best music festival I have ever been to.④We were amazed by her funny-looking hat.⑤His inspiring speech at the conference won the admiration/ favour of the audience.⑥This is a challenging game to test your memory and observation capabilities. 3. T asks Ss to finish Ex 3 and 4 in Using structures by themselves, then check the answers with class.Step 6 Homework1. Understand and master the functions and usage of the -ing form;2. Finish the other exercises in Using structures.1、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否理解和掌握動詞-ing形式作定語和表語的功能和意義;2、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生能否在理解文段內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)上下文語境和表達邏輯,能正確運用動詞-ing形式描述節(jié)日慶典。3、通過本節(jié)內(nèi)容學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生是否歸納和積累用于表達情緒的相關(guān)詞匯。
Activity 81.Grasp the main idea of the listening.Listen to the tape and answer the following questions:Who are the two speakers in the listening? What is their relationship?What is the main idea of the first part of the listening? How about the second part?2.Complete the passage.Ask the students to quickly review the summaries of the two listening materials in activity 2. Then play the recording for the second time.Ask them to complete the passage and fill in the blanks.3.Play the recording again and ask the students to use the structure diagram to comb the information structure in the listening.(While listening, take notes. Capture key information quickly and accurately.)Step 8 Talking Activity 91.Focus on the listening text.Listen to the students and listen to the tape. Let them understand the attitudes of Wu Yue and Justin in the conversation.How does Wu Yue feel about Chinese minority cultures?What does Justin think of the Miao and Dong cultures?How do you know that?2.learn functional items that express concerns.Ask students to focus on the expressions listed in activity. 3.And try to analyze the meaning they convey, including praise (Super!).Agree (Exactly!)"(You're kidding.!)Tell me more about it. Tell me more about it.For example, "Yeah Sure." "Definitely!" "Certainly!" "No kidding!" "No wonder!" and so on.4.Ask the students to have conversations in small groups, acting as Jsim and his friends.Justin shares his travels in Guizhou with friends and his thoughts;Justin's friends should give appropriate feedback, express their interest in relevant information, and ask for information when necessary.In order to enrich the dialogue, teachers can expand and supplement the introduction of Miao, dong, Lusheng and Dong Dage.After the group practice, the teacher can choose several groups of students to show, and let the rest of the students listen carefully, after listening to the best performance of the group, and give at least two reasons.
教師:不同的時代造就了不同風(fēng)格和不同精神內(nèi)容的詩詞,請同學(xué)們回顧必修一和必修二兩宋中央集權(quán)的加強和經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展狀況。學(xué)生:回憶回答。教師:請同學(xué)們結(jié)合時代背景和詞的特點理解詞為什么能夠成為宋代文學(xué)的主流形式和標志?學(xué)生:兩宋時經(jīng)濟重心轉(zhuǎn)移到了南方,商業(yè)發(fā)展打破了時間和空間的限制,城市繁榮,市民數(shù)量不斷增加。詞的句子長短不齊,便于抒發(fā)感情,并且能夠歌唱,更能適應(yīng)市井生活的需要。于是,詞成為宋代文學(xué)的主流形式和標志。教師:宋代文人地位提高,宋詞就是一個個時代的畫卷:大宋的悲歡離合都寫在了里面。除了詞之外,宋代民間還興起了一種新的詩歌形式,即散曲。學(xué)生:回答散曲的發(fā)展階段及特點、元曲的含義、特點。教師:在中國古代詩歌輝煌發(fā)展的同時,也產(chǎn)生了供人們閑來無事消遣的小說。
2.民族工業(yè)的遭受打擊自主探究4:閱讀【歷史縱橫】和教材插圖,探究抗戰(zhàn)時期民族走向萎縮的原因有哪些?在淪陷區(qū)日軍的摧毀和吞并;在國統(tǒng)區(qū)國民政府強化對經(jīng)濟的全面統(tǒng)治;官僚資本壟斷經(jīng)濟命脈,壓制民族工業(yè)牟取暴利。造成了什么后果?(官僚資本的膨脹,民族資本的萎縮)3、民族工業(yè)的萎縮討論:為什么抗戰(zhàn)勝利了,民族資本主義工業(yè)反而日益萎縮呢?學(xué)生通過合作學(xué)習(xí),對教材提供的資料進行認真分析,認識到美國的經(jīng)濟掠奪、官僚資本的擠壓、通貨膨脹三個因素的共同作用,使民族工業(yè)陷入絕境,紛紛倒閉??箲?zhàn)勝利后,國民政府雖采取了一些措施推動國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,但是,國民政府為了取得美國的援助,不惜出賣國家主權(quán),與美國在1946年簽訂《中美友好通商航海條約》,讓美國在華攫取政治、經(jīng)濟等特權(quán)。中國民族工業(yè)紛紛破產(chǎn)。
【課外延伸】閱讀思考:1、改革開放以來,東西方文明的交流、碰撞更加劇烈。對于外來文化,目前有不同的觀點,現(xiàn)引入兩種觀點:觀點1:這是一種進步。改革開放以來,中國不斷發(fā)展,這時候舊的文化顯然是不合時宜的,西方文化的進入,給我們帶來了新的生活方式和生活態(tài)度,中國逐漸改掉了一些陋習(xí),與世界接軌。觀點2:這是一種文化侵略。西方文化的進入,使中國傳統(tǒng)文化一步步淪喪,特別是我們過著西方圣誕節(jié)時,中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日端午節(jié)已被韓國申報為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。這告訴我們,我們應(yīng)該保護我們的傳統(tǒng)文化。面對東西方文化的交匯、碰撞,你認為該怎樣正確看待外來文化和傳統(tǒng)文化?請寫篇小論文闡述你的觀點。2、設(shè)計以下表格:利用搜集的資料按照“衣、食、住、行、風(fēng)俗”五部分進行比較,再將現(xiàn)代社會物質(zhì)生活和習(xí)俗細分為“辛亥革命前和辛亥革命后”兩部分內(nèi)容進行比較。
師:在科學(xué)發(fā)展過程中,前一個理論體系的不完善之處,往往是新的研究和新的發(fā)現(xiàn)的突破口。開普勒之后,意大利天文學(xué)家伽利略創(chuàng)制了天文望遠鏡,用更加精確的觀察繼續(xù)發(fā)展和驗證哥白尼創(chuàng)立的新天文學(xué)理論。除了用望遠鏡進行天文觀察以外,伽利略還開始進行自然科學(xué)的實驗研究,哪位同學(xué)能給大家講一講伽利略在比薩斜塔上所作的關(guān)于物體自由下落的實驗?生:(講述這一實驗)師:所以,伽利略在科學(xué)方面更加重要的貢獻是奠定了近代實驗科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。(2)實驗科學(xué)和唯物主義師:伽利略從實踐上開辟了實驗科學(xué)的方法,而英國唯物主義哲學(xué)家培根則從理論上闡述了實驗科學(xué)的方法——歸納法。培根和伽利略同被稱為實驗科學(xué)之父,培根還有一句影響深刻的名言:“知識就是力量”,表明了他注重知識,尊崇科學(xué)的精神。我們再來概括一下意大利哲學(xué)家布魯諾的唯物主義思想,是否有同學(xué)可以簡述布魯諾的生平事跡?
板書:多民族文化對中華文化的意義師:中華民族是多民族的共同體,中華文化呈現(xiàn)多種民族文化的豐富色彩。中華各民族的文化,既有中華文化的共性,又有各自的民族特性。它們都是中華文化的瑰寶,都是中華民族的驕傲。各兄弟民族文化相互交融、相互促進,共同創(chuàng)造了中華文化。各族人民對共同擁有的中華文化的認同感和歸屬感,顯示了中華民族厚重的文化底蘊和強大的民族凝聚力。問題探究8溫家寶總理在美國會見華僑時滿懷深情地說,中國已解決了香港問題和澳門問題,洗刷了百年恥辱,現(xiàn)在剩下一個臺灣問題,“這一灣淺淺的海峽是我們最大的鄉(xiāng)愁、最大的國殤”。用有關(guān)知識分析:為什么“這一灣淺淺的海峽是我們最大的鄉(xiāng)愁、最大的國殤”?生1:臺灣是中國的一部分,臺灣各族人民是中華民族的一部分,臺灣文化歸屬于中華文化。生2:傳統(tǒng)的民族文化是維系民族生存和發(fā)展的精神紐帶。
師:同學(xué)們這個暑假過得真不錯呀,都有自己最開心的日子。同學(xué)們經(jīng)歷的這些活動,讓你們自己長了知識,豐富了閱歷,你們今天的介紹,也讓我和更多的同學(xué)大開了眼界。由此可見,在今天,通過親身參與、實踐,通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電影,通過交流發(fā)言,大家獲得了許多新的信息、知識,增強了對祖國美好河山的熱愛、對科技的向往和異國的友誼。同學(xué)們信息交流的過程,實際上也是文化傳播的過程。板書課題:第二課時文化在交流中傳播話題導(dǎo)入討論話題:如何建設(shè)文明校園?(課前準備:要求同學(xué)們仔細觀察、了解關(guān)于校園文明現(xiàn)象的問題,并就如何建設(shè)文明校園提出自己的建議。教師可按自然組,讓學(xué)生推選一名代表發(fā)言,就校園文明方面談?wù)劥嬖诘膯栴}和不足,或提出一些中肯的改進意見)(學(xué)生交流)生1:建設(shè)文明校園,首先要凈化語言環(huán)境,我們學(xué)校不少同學(xué)愛說臟話,與文明校園很不相稱。
2、學(xué)生分析 九十年代初期出生的孩子,生活在一個充滿活力的時代,張揚個性成為他(她)們的主旋律。面對這一時代的學(xué)生,溝通需要用心、用技巧,那也是一門藝術(shù)。高中學(xué)生的心理日趨成熟,有一定的知識積累,且比較豐富;語言邏輯性強,有較強的參與意識,求知欲望及表現(xiàn)欲望。學(xué)生主體參與的充分,表現(xiàn)在其主動性,積極性得到極大的調(diào)動。這與教師的主導(dǎo)作用是分不開的。本課教案就是要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自己先閱讀書本、獨立思考、激發(fā)學(xué)生思維,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生各抒己見,讓學(xué)生自己得出解答問題的結(jié)論,不追求答案的唯一。充分體現(xiàn)了讀書是一種個體行為,每個學(xué)生有不同的體驗。教師應(yīng)跳出教案的問題模式,和學(xué)生一道去創(chuàng)造地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題,在成功中尋找快樂、在快樂中更加成功。同時特別注重創(chuàng)設(shè)的情景的選擇性,有針對性和實效性,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生們積極、主動參與,使他們的潛能、智慧得出充分挖掘、展示。只有當學(xué)生們在課堂上表現(xiàn)出來的獨特的、有創(chuàng)意的設(shè)計見解,學(xué)生主體參與和教師主導(dǎo)二者完美結(jié)合,才能表明該課的設(shè)計卓有成效。
3、問題設(shè)計:文化除了影響人們的交往行為和交往方式外,還影響人們的什么?4、師生總結(jié)得出結(jié)論:文化影響人們的實踐活動、認識活動和思維方式。設(shè)計意圖:通過主題的指引,讓學(xué)生查閱并說說中國傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的來源、傳說和意義。這是基于豐富課程資源的設(shè)計,將生活和學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的多種資源納入課程的范疇,在活動中自主建構(gòu)知識,并在教師的引導(dǎo)下,提高分析和解決問題能力,培養(yǎng)熱愛祖國的思想感情,突破本框題第二個重點。過渡設(shè)問:文化對人影響有什么特點?設(shè)計意圖:通過問題提示,集中學(xué)生的注意力,導(dǎo)入下一個環(huán)節(jié)的教學(xué)。環(huán)節(jié)三:文化對人潛移默化的影響。教案:1、多媒體播放“孟母三遷”故事動畫片。2、討論問題:“孟母三遷”的故事給我們什么啟示?3、師生總結(jié)得出結(jié)論:文化對人具有潛移默化的影響。設(shè)計意圖:“孟母三遷”的故事學(xué)生比較熟悉,而且這個故事的思想教育性較強。
PPT:文化創(chuàng)新的途徑環(huán)節(jié)二:(展示情境 探究問題)情境一:先后展示徐悲鴻的《奔馬圖》和《愚公移山》設(shè)計意圖:在作品的選擇上遵循由易到難,由感性到理性的原則讓同學(xué)們從中體會作者的創(chuàng)作情懷,比較兩幅圖表達的心境不同之處及其原因。探究一:從創(chuàng)作背景的不同,探究文化創(chuàng)新的根本途徑。PPT:(設(shè)問)1、為什么同一畫家在不同時期,作品所反映的內(nèi)容不同?2、從中我們可看出,文化創(chuàng)新的根本途徑是什么?設(shè)計意圖:引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析時代的變化對人們的社會實踐的影響,因而文化工作者在體驗生活的過程中創(chuàng)作的作品意境也會不同,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)的能力,得出文化創(chuàng)新的根本途徑是社會實踐。教師過渡:在社會實踐中,徐悲鴻先生還有什么創(chuàng)作的成功秘訣嗎?探究二:從創(chuàng)作心得的展示,探究文化創(chuàng)新的重要途徑(PPT)徐悲鴻一生致力于國畫的創(chuàng)新實踐,他認為革新中國繪畫的要旨在于:“古法之佳者,守之;不佳者,改之;垂絕者,繼之;未足者,增之;西方畫之可采入者,融之?!?設(shè)計意圖:通過閱讀材料,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生尋找關(guān)鍵詞的能力,并從中總結(jié)歸納文化創(chuàng)新的重要途徑----繼承傳統(tǒng)、推陳出新。
一、教學(xué)目標:基于對教材的理解和分析,根據(jù)《課程標準》和學(xué)生的知識水平及認知特點。我制定了這樣的教學(xué)目標。(1)知識目標:理解社會實踐的發(fā)展是文化創(chuàng)新的動力和源泉,認識文化創(chuàng)新的作用以及文化創(chuàng)新在新時代的價值和作用。(2)能力目標:能夠分析事例,說明社會實踐是文化創(chuàng)作和發(fā)展的重要根源,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的比較分析能力、辯證思維能力(3)情感態(tài)度與價值觀目標:通過本框教學(xué),使學(xué)生明確文化創(chuàng)新的重大作用,激發(fā)學(xué)生投身建設(shè)中國特色社會主義偉大實踐而進行文化創(chuàng)新的熱情,從而培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新精神、愛國情感和民族自豪感,增強學(xué)生進行文化創(chuàng)新的責(zé)任感和使命感。二、教材分析本框題內(nèi)容包括情景導(dǎo)入--不盡的源泉,情景分析--巨大的作用、深刻的意義和情景回歸--呼喚文化創(chuàng)新的時代三個目題。其內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系是由第一目題導(dǎo)入社會實踐是文化創(chuàng)新的源泉,也是文化創(chuàng)新的動力的觀點,第二目是對文化創(chuàng)新的作用進行理論上的分析。第三目情景回歸,當今時代呼喚文化創(chuàng)新。
2、文化反作用經(jīng)濟政治師:經(jīng)濟政治決定文化,那么,文化不是被動消極的呢?生:思考回答:文化反作用經(jīng)濟政治,不同的文化對經(jīng)濟政治的影響不同。師:文化反作用經(jīng)濟政治,對社會發(fā)展有重要影響。文化反作用表現(xiàn)在,文化可以為經(jīng)濟政治的發(fā)展,對社會的發(fā)展,提供方向保證、智力支持和精神動力。(1)文化反作用的體現(xiàn)。師:現(xiàn)代民主國家中,世界民主的先驅(qū)是英國,但英國卻有國王,亞洲民主的先驅(qū)是日本,但日本卻有天皇,其一個重要原因是文化的影響。這說明什么?生:思考發(fā)言……師:不同民族的文化,影響不同民族和國家的歷史和發(fā)展道路。師:中東地區(qū)一直以來都是世界熱點地區(qū),如巴以沖突、伊拉克戰(zhàn)爭、阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭、基地組織等,其一個重要原因是宗教文化的沖突。這說明什么?生:思考發(fā)言……師:不同文化的沖突,影響社會的和諧安定和世界的和平安寧。
二、相對論的創(chuàng)立【課件】展示下列材料艾伯特·愛因斯坦(1879——1955),1879年3月14日誕生在德國烏爾姆的一個猶太人家中。1894年舉家遷居意大利米蘭。1900年畢業(yè)于瑞士蘇黎世工業(yè)大學(xué)。愛因斯坦被認為是最富于創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家,他不但創(chuàng)立了相對論,還提出了光量子的概念,得出了光電效應(yīng)的基本定律,并揭示了光的波粒二重性本質(zhì),為量子力學(xué)的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。為此榮獲1921年度的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎。同時,他還證明了熱的分子運動論,提出了測定分子大小的新方法。【問題】19世紀末20世紀初愛因斯坦對物理學(xué)的貢獻是什么?意義是什么?為什么會出現(xiàn)?1、背景:經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的危機。19世紀末三大發(fā)現(xiàn):x射線、放射性和電子,經(jīng)典力學(xué)無法解釋研究中的新問題,如:黑體輻射、光電效應(yīng)等。2、相對論的提出及主要內(nèi)容:(1)“狹義相對論”和光速不變原理:1905年提出。
Example:One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by sending newspapers door to door found that he only had one dime(一角)left. He was so hungry that he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?” “You don’t owe me anything,” she replied, “Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” “Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart.” With these words, Howard Kelly left that house.Years later the woman became badly ill and was finally sent to the hospital in a big city. Dr. Howard Kelly, now famous, was called in. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Dressed in his doctor’s clothes, Dr. Kelly went into her room and recognized her at once. From that day on, he gave special attention to her, and decided to do his best to save her life.At last the woman was saved. Dr. Kelly asked the business office to pass the final bill to him. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side. The bill was sent to the woman’s room. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay for it off. Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention. She read these words: “Paid in full with a glass of milk, Dr. Howard Kelly.” Tear of joy flooded her eyes.
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