一.說教材 1.教材所處的地位《慶祝奧林匹克運動復興25周年》是人教版部編初中語文教材八年級下冊第四單元“思想光芒”中的一篇經典演講詞。它是同學們接觸過《 最后一次講演》《應有格物致知精神》《我一生中的重要抉擇》,初步了解、掌握關于演講的一些技巧之后,再次讓學生傾聽那些穿越時空的聲音,感受演講精品的魅力,并總結、借鑒典范演講的經驗,在歷練中提高演說才能。因為在現代社會中,良好的口語交際能力是公民的重要素養(yǎng)之一,它不但顯示著一個人的語言水平,更體現著一個人的自信、智慧、教養(yǎng)與風度。2.教材分析 《慶祝奧林匹克運動復興25周年》是顧拜旦于1919年4月在瑞士洛桑慶祝奧林匹克運動恢復25周年紀念會上的演說,是關于奧林匹克運動的重要文獻。顧拜旦用詩歌般的語言闡述了奧林匹克精神的內涵與價值;以飽含喜悅的神情引領聽眾去聯想奧林匹克精神無限美好的前景。這篇演說詞和他的詩歌《體育頌》一起成為世界文化史和體育史上不朽的篇章。
說教材本文是部編版八年級語文下冊第五單元的第二篇課文,同時也是一篇游記。作者生動的寫出了格拉丹東雪山的壯美,表現了長江源頭的神異不凡。說學情學生雖然聽說過雪山,但親眼見過雪山的同學比較少。本課從紀錄片《再說長江》入手,再現長江的源頭,揭開格拉丹東雪山的神秘面紗,激發(fā)了學生求知和探索的學習欲望。教學目標1.準確認讀并理解重點字詞。2.了解游記的特點,把握作者的游蹤、寫景的角度、寫景的方法,體會格拉丹冬冰塔林的特點3.揣摩品味語言,欣賞、積累精彩語句。教學建議【教學方法】1.朗讀法。2.品味點撥法。3.合作探究法?!菊n時安排】2課時一、教學導入長江,她以自己的源遠流長、磅礴大氣和她的風光萬千,為我們構筑了永恒的大江之美,啟發(fā)著一代又一代華夏兒女的激情與靈感,贏得了世人發(fā)自肺腑的贊美和感嘆。今天我們來學習《在長江源頭各拉丹冬》這篇文章,欣賞長江的源頭各拉丹冬這片雪域高原的壯美景色。
寫作背景這首詩寫于普希金被沙皇流放的日子里,是以贈詩的形式寫在他的鄰居奧希泊娃的女兒葉甫勃拉克西亞·尼古拉耶夫娜·伏里夫紀念冊上的。那里俄國革命正如火如荼,詩人卻被迫與世隔絕。在這樣的處境下,詩人卻沒有喪失希望與斗志,他熱愛生活,執(zhí)著地追求理想,相信光明必來,正義必勝。(三)、問題探究1、“假如生活欺騙了你”指的是什么?指在生活中因遭遇艱難困苦甚至不幸而身處逆境。作者寫這首詩時正被流放,是自己真實生活的寫照。2、詩人在詩中闡明了怎樣的人生態(tài)度?請結合你感受最深的詩句說說你曾有過的體驗。詩中闡明了這樣一種積極樂觀的人生態(tài)度:當生活欺騙了你時,不要悲傷,不要心急;在苦惱的時候要善于忍耐,一切都會過去,我們一定要永葆積極樂觀的心態(tài);生活中不可能沒有痛苦與悲傷,歡樂不會永遠被憂傷所掩蓋,快樂的日子終會到來。
二、說學情學生是課堂的主體,教師應本著“因材施教”的理念結合學生的基本情況進行備課。九年級的學生已經有了較好的積累,基本詞匯、常見修辭等等都有了較為自如的把握。對于詩歌這種文體,他們已接觸過很多年。但由于對詩歌這種文體的情感把握還不夠精準到位。此外,這一階段的學生已經有了一定的寫作和口語表達能力,我將在本文的教學過程中設置口語表達及寫作的環(huán)節(jié),學生可通過實踐進一步強化這方面的能力。三、說教學目標因此,基于教材和學情,我從課程標準中“全面提高學生語文素養(yǎng)”的基本理念出發(fā),設計了以下三個維度的教學目標:1.知識與能力:結合注釋解釋全文大意,并能初步體會是中蘊含的情感。2.過程與方法:通過有感情地朗讀、獨立思考、討論、對文章中關鍵內容的探究等過程,體會文章語言的優(yōu)美和表達的精妙。3.情感態(tài)度與價值觀:懂得詩人重新投入生活的意愿及堅韌不拔的意志。
解析:圖中∠AOB、∠COD均與∠BOC互余,根據角的和、差關系,可求得∠AOB與∠COD的度數.通過計算發(fā)現∠AOB=∠COD,于是可以歸納∠AOB=∠COD.解:(1)∵OA⊥OC,OB⊥OD,∴∠AOC=∠BOD=90°.∵∠BOC=30°,∴∠AOB=∠AOC-∠BOC=90°-30°=60°,∠COD=∠BOD-∠BOC=90°-30°=60°.(2)∠AOB=∠AOC-∠BOC=90°-54°=36°,∠COD=∠BOD-∠BOC=90°-54°=36°.(3)由(1)、(2)可發(fā)現:∠AOB=∠COD.(4)∵∠AOB+∠BOC=∠AOC=90°,∠BOC+∠COD=∠BOD=90°,∴∠AOB+∠BOC=∠BOC+∠COD.∴∠AOB=∠COD.方法總結:檢驗數學結論具體經歷的過程是:觀察、度量、實驗→猜想歸納→結論→推理→正確結論.三、板書設計為什么,要證明)推理的意義:數學結論必須經過嚴格的論證檢驗數學結論的常用方法實驗驗證舉出反例推理證明經歷觀察、驗證、歸納等過程,使學生對由這些方法得到的結論產生懷疑,以此激發(fā)學生的好奇心,從而認識證明的必要性,培養(yǎng)學生的推理意識,了解檢驗數學結論的常用方法:實驗驗證、舉出反例、推理論證等.
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
教學目標1.知識目標:(1)學習What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學會用英語描述有關職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標:(1)能夠談論為實現理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談論未來自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標:新學期到來之際,讓他們在學習、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標的實現。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設計了三部分的內容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;
教學重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習中學習掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學設計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學法指導:1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學中應注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學生的主體性,引導學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的求知欲和學習積極性,指導學生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學習方法。逐步學會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調動學生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學法2.課堂討論法3.任務型教學法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調動學生的學習積極性,使學生變被動學習為主動學習。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學效率,進而增大教學的容量和信息量。充分體現教師為主導,學生為主體的教學原則。
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數名詞復數,how much修飾不可數名詞。但在用法上,同學們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復數名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數名詞單數好。前者答語用基數詞,后者答語用數量關系。
一、 教學內容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學目標1.學習詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學準備 學生預習本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務。片段的主題使學生聯想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學習動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習對話.
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學生以小組為單位展開活動,談論本組所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務所需要的語言結構:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復習一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學習語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復習舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復習,自然的引到下面新知識的學習。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學生循序漸進. 提高學生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學內容與分析:
第五環(huán)節(jié):課堂小結內容:師生相互交流總結解二元一次方程組的基本思路是“消元”,即把“二元”變?yōu)椤耙辉保?解二元一次方程組的第一種解法——代入消元法,其主要步驟是:將其中的一個方程中的某個未知數用含有另一個未知數的代數式表示出來,并代入另一個方程中,從而消去一個未知數,化二元一次方程組為一元一次方程.解這個一元一次方程,便可得到一個未知數的值,再將所求未知數的值代入變形后的方程,便求出了一對未知數的值.即求得了方程組的解.目的:鼓勵學生通過本節(jié)課的學習,談談自己的收獲與感受,加深對 “溫故而知新” 的體會,知道“學而時習之”.設計效果:學生能夠在課堂上暢所欲言,并通過自己的歸納總結,進一步鞏固了所學知識.第六環(huán)節(jié):布置作業(yè)課本習題5.2教學設計反思1.引入自然.二元一次方程組的解法是學習二元一次方程組的重要內容.教材通過上一小節(jié)的實際問題,比較一元一次方程的列法和解法,從而自然引入二元一次方程組的代入消元解法.
在探究估算方法的時候,教師要注重適時的引導,以免讓學生無從下手.在教學過程中一定要讓學生體會估算的實用價值,了解到“數學既來源與生活,又回歸到生活為生活服務”.(二)課堂評價的一些思考在教學中要多鼓勵學生用自己的語言表達他們的想法,在估算的過程中多給予適當的引導和評價,讓學生逐步把握估算的方法,找到解決問題的信心.比如對“畫能掛上去嗎”這個問題情境,學生可能提出不同的看法,有些學生可能認為可以掛上去,因為人還有身高,完全可以彌補梯子穩(wěn)定擺放的高度和掛畫位置的高度之間的差距,有些學生可能認為,人不可能爬到梯子的頂部,加上人如果本來比較矮,畫就不能掛上去等等想法,教師都應該給予肯定,這樣才能激發(fā)學生思考問題的熱情,調動學生探究問題的積極性.作為教師,一定要尊重學生的個體差異,滿足多樣化的學習需要,鼓勵探究方式、表達方式和解題方法的多樣化.
② 命題的含義:判斷一件事情的句子,叫做命題,如果一個句子沒有對某一件事情作出任何判斷,那么它就不是命題.活動目的:通過課后的總結,使學生對定義、命題等概念有更清楚的認識,讓學生在頭腦中對本節(jié)課進行系統(tǒng)的歸納與整理.教學效果:學生在有了前面對定義、特別是命題概念的學習后,能了解命題的結構,以及哪些是命題,使學生對命題的學習有了清楚的認識。第五環(huán)節(jié) 課后練習學習小組搜集八年級數學課本中的新學的部分定義、命題,看誰找得多.四、教學反思本節(jié)課的設計具有如下特點:(1)采用了“小品表演”的形式引入新課,意在激起學生對數學的興趣,讓學生知道,數學不是枯燥無味的。并能從表演中不同的人對“黑客”這個名詞的不同理解更好地悟出“定義”的含義。
一、情境導入神舟十號是中國神舟號系列飛船之一,主要由推進艙(服務艙)、返回艙、軌道艙組成.神舟十號在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心“921工位”,于2013年6月11日17時38分02.666秒發(fā)射,由長征二號F改進型運載火箭(遙十)“神箭”成功發(fā)射.在軌飛行十五天左右,加上發(fā)射與返回,其中停留天宮一號十二天,共搭載三位航天員——聶海勝、張曉光、王亞平.6月13日與天宮一號進行對接.6月26日回歸地球.要讀懂這段報導,你認為要知道哪些名稱和術語的含義?二、合作探究探究點一:定義 下列語句屬于定義的是()A.明天是晴天B.長方形的四個角都是直角C.等角的補角相等D.平行四邊形是兩組對邊分別平行的四邊形解析:作出正確選擇的關鍵是理解定義的含義.A是對天氣的預測,B是描述長方形的性質,C是描述補角的性質.只有D符合定義的概念.故選D.方法總結:定義指的是對術語和名稱的含義的描述,是對一個事物區(qū)分于其他事物的本質特征的描述,而不是對其性質的判斷.
一、情境導入上一節(jié)課我們做過:由兩個邊長為1的小正方形,通過剪一剪,拼一拼,得到一個邊長為a的大正方形,那么有a2=2,a=________,2是有理數,而a是無理數.在前面我們學過若x2=a,則a叫做x的平方,反過來x叫做a的什么呢?二、合作探究探究點一:算術平方根的概念【類型一】 求一個數的算術平方根求下列各數的算術平方根:(1)64;(2)214;(3)0.36;(4)412-402.解析:根據算術平方根的定義求非負數的算術平方根,只要找到一個非負數的平方等于這個非負數即可.解:(1)∵82=64,∴64的算術平方根是8;(2)∵(32)2=94=214,∴214的算術平方根是32;(3)∵0.62=0.36,∴0.36的算術平方根是0.6;(4)∵412-402=81,又92=81,∴81=9,而32=9,∴412-402的算術平方根是3.方法總結:(1)求一個數的算術平方根時,首先要弄清是求哪個數的算術平方根,分清求81與81的算術平方根的不同意義,不要被表面現象迷惑.(2)求一個非負數的算術平方根常借助平方運算,因此熟記常用平方數對求一個數的算術平方根十分有用.