求證:直角三角形的兩個銳角互余.解析:分析這個命題的條件和結(jié)論,根據(jù)已知條件和結(jié)論畫出圖形,寫出已知、求證,并寫出證明過程.已知:如圖所示,在△ABC中,∠C=90°.求證:∠A與∠B互余.證明:∵∠A+∠B+∠C=180°(三角形內(nèi)角和等于180°),又∠C=90°,∴∠A+∠B=180°-∠C=90°.∴∠A與∠B互余.方法總結(jié):解此類題首先根據(jù)題意將文字語言變成符號語言,畫出圖形,最后再經(jīng)過分析論證,并寫出證明的過程.三、板書設計命題分類公理:公認的真命題定理:經(jīng)過證明的真命題證明:推理的過程經(jīng)歷實際情境,初步體會公理化思想和方法,了解本教材所采用的公理,讓學生對真假命題有一個清楚的認識,從而進一步了解定理、公理的概念.培養(yǎng)學生的語言表達能力.
2.法解二元一次方程組,是提升學生求解二元一次方程的基本技能課,在例題的設置上充分體現(xiàn)化歸思想.2.在學習二元一次方程組的解法中,關鍵是領會其本質(zhì)思想——消元,體會“化未知為已知”的化歸思想.因而在教學過程中教師通過對問題的創(chuàng)設,鼓勵學生去觀察方程的特點,在過手訓練中提高學生的解答正確率和表達規(guī)范性,提升學生學會數(shù)學的信心,激發(fā)學習數(shù)學的興趣.3.通過精心設計的問題,引導學生在已有知識的基礎上,自己比較、分析得出二元一次方程組的解法,在鞏固訓練活動中,加深學生對“化未知為已知”的化歸思想的理解.特別是如何由代入消元法到加減消元法,過渡自然。讓學生深刻的體會到二元一次方程是一元一次方程的拓展,二元一次方程組又要通過“消元”,轉(zhuǎn)化為一元一次方程求解,這樣的轉(zhuǎn)化,不僅有助于學生掌握知識、技能和方法,提高學習效率,而且還加深了對數(shù)學中通性和通法的認識,體會學習數(shù)學和研究數(shù)學的規(guī)律,提升數(shù)學思維能力.
解析:本題是要求兩個未知數(shù),即3和4的權.所以應把平均數(shù)與方程組綜合起來,利用平均數(shù)的定義來列方程,組成方程組求解.解:設投進3個球的有x人,投進4個球的有y人,由題意,得3x+4y+5×2=3.5×(x+y+2),0×1+1×2+2×7+3x+4y=2.5×(1+2+7+x+y).整理,得x-y=6,x+3y=18.解得x=9,y=3.答:投進3個球的有9人,投進4個球的有3人.方法總結(jié):利用平均數(shù)的公式解題時,要弄清數(shù)據(jù)及相應的權,避免出錯.三、板書設計平均數(shù)算術平均數(shù):x=1n(x1+x2+…+xn)加權平均數(shù):x=(x1f1+x2f2+…+xnfn)f1+f2+…fn通過探索算術平均數(shù)和加權平均數(shù)的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,培養(yǎng)學生的思維能力;通過有關平均數(shù)問題的解決,提升學生的數(shù)學應用能力.通過解決實際問題,體會數(shù)學與社會生活的密切聯(lián)系,了解數(shù)學的價值,增進學生對數(shù)學的理解和增加學好數(shù)學的信心.
探究點三:函數(shù)的圖象洗衣機在洗滌衣服時,每漿洗一遍都經(jīng)歷了注水、清洗、排水三個連續(xù)過程(工作前洗衣機內(nèi)無水).在這三個過程中,洗衣機內(nèi)的水量y(升)與漿洗一遍的時間x(分)之間函數(shù)關系的圖象大致為()解析:∵洗衣機工作前洗衣機內(nèi)無水,∴A,B兩選項不正確,淘汰;又∵洗衣機最后排完水,∴D選項不正確,淘汰,所以選項C正確,故選C.方法總結(jié):本題考查了對函數(shù)圖象的理解能力,看函數(shù)圖象要理解兩個變量的變化情況.三、板書設計函數(shù)定義:自變量、因變量、常量函數(shù)的關系式三種表示方法函數(shù)值函數(shù)的圖象在教學過程中,注意通過對以前學過的“變量之間的關系”的回顧與思考,力求提供生動有趣的問題情境,激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,并通過層層深入的問題設計,引導學生進行觀察、操作、交流、歸納等數(shù)學活動.在活動中歸納、概括出函數(shù)的概念,并通過師生交流、生生交流、辨析識別等加深學生對函數(shù)概念的理解.
已知xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項,求m和n的值.解析:根據(jù)同類項的概念,可列出含字母m和n的方程組,從而求出m和n.解:因為xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項,所以m-n+1=n-1,①3m-2n-5=1.②整理,得m-2n+2=0,③3m-2n-6=0.④④-③,得2m=8,所以m=4.把m=4代入③,得2n=6,所以n=3.所以當m=4,n=3時,xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項.方法總結(jié):解這類題,就是根據(jù)同類項的定義,利用相同字母的指數(shù)分別相等,列方程組求字母的值.三、板書設計用加減法解二元一次方程組的步驟:①變形,使某個未知數(shù)的系數(shù)絕對值相等;②加減消元;③解一元一次方程;④求另一個未知數(shù)的值,得方程組的解.進一步理解二元一次方程組的“消元”思想,初步體會數(shù)學研究中“化未知為已知”的化歸思想.選擇恰當?shù)姆椒ń舛淮畏匠探M,培養(yǎng)學生的觀察、分析問題的能力.
1.細講概念、強化訓練要想讓學生正確、牢固地樹立起算術平方根的概念,需要由淺入深、不斷深化的過程.概念是由具體到抽象、由特殊到一般,經(jīng)過分析、綜合去掉非本質(zhì)特征,保持本質(zhì)屬性而形成的.概念的形成過程也是思維過程,加強概念形成過程的教學,對提高學生的思維水平是很有必要的.概念教學過程中要做到:講清概念,加強訓練,逐步深化.“講清概念”就是通過具體實例揭露算術平方根的本質(zhì)特征.算術平方根的本質(zhì)特征就是定義中指出的:“如果一個正數(shù) 的平方等于 ,即 ,那么這個正數(shù) 就叫做 的算術平方根,”的“正數(shù) ”,即被開方數(shù)是正的,由平方的意義, 也是正數(shù),因此算術平方根也必須是正的.當然零的算術平方根是零.
解析:要在地球儀上確定南昌市的位置,需要知道它的經(jīng)緯度,故選D.方法總結(jié):本題考查了坐標確定位置,熟記位置的確定需要橫向與縱向的兩個數(shù)據(jù)是解題的關鍵.【類型二】 用“區(qū)域定位法”確定位置如圖所示是某市區(qū)的部分簡圖,文化宮在D2區(qū),體育場在C4區(qū),據(jù)此說明醫(yī)院在________區(qū),陽光中學在________區(qū).解析:本題首先給出的是表示文化宮和體育場的位置,即D2區(qū)和C4區(qū),這就確定了本題中表示建筑物位置的方法,即字母表示列數(shù),數(shù)字表示行數(shù).故填A3,D5.方法總結(jié):解此類題先要弄清區(qū)域定位法中字母及數(shù)字各自表示的含義,再用已知的表示方法來確定相關位置.三、板書設計確定位置有序?qū)崝?shù)對方位法經(jīng)緯度區(qū)域定位法將現(xiàn)實生活中常用的定位方法呈現(xiàn)給學生,進一步豐富學生的數(shù)學活動經(jīng)驗,培養(yǎng)學生觀察、分析、歸納、概括的能力.教學過程中創(chuàng)設生動活潑、直觀形象、且貼近他們生活的問題情境;另一方面,為學生創(chuàng)造自主學習、合作交流的機會,促使他們主動參與、積極探究.
第一環(huán)節(jié)感受生活中的情境,導入新課通過若干圖片,引導學生感受生活中常常需要確定位置.導入新課:怎樣確定位置呢?——§3.1確定位置。第二環(huán)節(jié)分類討論,探索新知1.溫故啟新(1)溫故:在數(shù)軸上,確定一個點的位置需要幾個數(shù)據(jù)呢? 答:一個,例如,若A點表示-2,B點表示3,則由-2和3就可以在數(shù)軸上找到A點和B點的位置??偨Y(jié)得出結(jié)論:在直線上, 確定一個點的位置一般需要一個數(shù)據(jù).(2)啟新:在平面內(nèi),又如何確定一個點的位置呢?請同學們根據(jù)生活中確定位置的實例,請談談自己的看法.2.舉例探究Ⅰ. 探究1(1)在電影院內(nèi)如何找到電影票上指定的位置?(2)在電影票上“6排3號”與“3排6號”中的“6”的含義有什么不同?(3)如果將“6排3號”簡記作(6,3),那么“3排6號”如何表示?(5,6)表示什么含義? (4) 在只有一層的電影院內(nèi),確定一個座位一般需要幾個數(shù)據(jù)?結(jié)論:生活中常常用“排數(shù)”和“號數(shù)”來確定位置. Ⅱ. 學有所用(1) 你能用兩個數(shù)據(jù)表示你現(xiàn)在所坐的位置嗎?
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內(nèi)容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教學內(nèi)容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學目標1.學習詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學準備 學生預習本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務。片段的主題使學生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學習動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學生以小組為單位展開活動,談論本組所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務所需要的語言結(jié)構:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習對話.
教學目標1.知識目標:(1)學習What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學會用英語描述有關職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標:(1)能夠談論為實現(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談論未來自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標:新學期到來之際,讓他們在學習、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設計了三部分的內(nèi)容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;
教學重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習中學習掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學設計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學法指導:1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學中應注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學生的主體性,引導學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的求知欲和學習積極性,指導學生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學習方法。逐步學會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調(diào)動學生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學法2.課堂討論法3.任務型教學法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調(diào)動學生的學習積極性,使學生變被動學習為主動學習。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學效率,進而增大教學的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導,學生為主體的教學原則。
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復習一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學習語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復習舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復習,自然的引到下面新知識的學習。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學生循序漸進. 提高學生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學內(nèi)容與分析:
初讀課文,學習字詞?! ?.提出讀書要求:默讀課文,一邊讀一邊畫出不認識的字和不理解的詞,并借助詞典等學習工具書理解?! ?.教師檢查學生學習情況?! 。?)檢查生字讀音。 小丘( qiū)渲染(xuàn )迂回( yū)蒙古包( měng ) 襟飄帶舞( jīn )鄂溫克(è) ?。?)指導易混淆的字?! 敖蟆笔亲笥医Y(jié)構,左邊是“衤”,與衣服有關,表示衣服胸前的部分?! 皾笔亲笥医Y(jié)構,右邊下面是“止”,不能寫成“上”。 “裳”下面是“衣”,與衣服有關?! 拔ⅰ保褐虚g部分不能少一橫?! 。?)理解較難的詞語?! 、俾?lián)系上下文理解詞語。 草原上行車十分灑脫,只要方向不錯,怎么走都可以。 “灑脫”的意思是:瀟灑自然,不拘束。這個詞語反映了草原的廣闊無邊?! 、诶斫狻敖箫h帶舞”一詞的意思,可以出示蒙古族鮮艷的服裝來分析,意思是:衣襟和裙帶隨風舞動?! 、邸按渖鳌币辉~可以從難字入手理解,比如“欲”在這里表示“將要”的意思,“翠色欲流”就是綠得太濃了,將要流下來,寫出了草原的綠,是充滿生命力的。 ?、芏鯗乜耍何覈贁?shù)民族之一,聚居在內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)的東北部。
一、知識和能力目標本單元要求學生掌握英文字母A—H,能認讀其印刷體和手寫體字母的大小寫等四種形式。書寫(大寫和小寫,筆順,筆畫)基本合乎要求。能看,聽,說本單元所列的日常交際用語,重點學會打招呼,并做到語音語調(diào)正確。注意一些字母及日常交際用語的發(fā)音,提醒學生不要將C/si:/發(fā)成/sei:/; ?/發(fā)成/e?/,也不要將Good?H /e /等。??????'????說成/???????'???morning/二、過程和方法目標教師要盡量用英語組織教學。充分利用課堂的40分鐘,不講或少講漢語,盡量給學生創(chuàng)造英語情景。教師可以用手勢,表情,動作等示意,幫助學生聽懂課堂用語和日常交際用語,第一次介紹某個用語時,說英語,加譯文及手勢,以后可酌情省去譯文,最后只說英語,逐步讓學生聽懂。