解:設甲班的人數(shù)為x人,乙班的人數(shù)為y人,根據(jù)題意,得x+y=93,14x+13y=27,解得x=48,y=45.答:甲班的人數(shù)為48人,乙班的人數(shù)為45人.方法總結:設未知數(shù)時,一般是求什么,設什么,并且所列方程的個數(shù)與未知數(shù)的個數(shù)相等.解這類問題的應用題,要抓住題中反映數(shù)量關系的關鍵字:和、差、倍、幾分之幾、比、大、小、多、少、增加、減少等,明確各種反映數(shù)量關系的關鍵字的含義.三、板書設計列方程組,解決問題)一般步驟:審、設、列、解、驗、答關鍵:找等量關系通過“雞兔同籠”,把同學們帶入古代的數(shù)學問題情景,學生體會到數(shù)學中的“趣”;進一步強調數(shù)學與生活的聯(lián)系,突出顯示數(shù)學教學的實際價值,培養(yǎng)學生的人文精神;進一步豐富學生數(shù)學學習的成功體驗,激發(fā)學生對數(shù)學學習的好奇心,進一步形成積極參與數(shù)學活動、主動與他人合作交流的意識.
第三環(huán)節(jié):課堂小結活動內容:1. 通過前面幾個題,你對列方程組解決實際問題的方法和步驟掌握的怎樣?2. 這里面應該注意的是什么?關鍵是什么?3. 通過今天的學習,你能不能解決求兩個量的問題?(可以用二元一次方程組解決的。4. 列二元一次方程組解決實際問題的主要步驟是什么?說明:通過以上四個問題,學生基本上掌握了列二元一次方程組解決實際問題的方法和步驟,可啟發(fā)學生說出自己的心得體會及疑問.活動意圖:引導學生自己小結本節(jié)課的知識要點及數(shù)學方法,使知識系統(tǒng)化.說明:還可以建議有條件的學生去讀一讀《孫子算經(jīng)》,可以在網(wǎng)上查,找出自己喜歡的問題,互相出題;同位的同學還可互相編題考察對方;還可以設置"我為老師出難題"活動,每人編一道題,給老師,老師再提出:"誰來幫我解難題",以此激發(fā)學生的學習興趣和信心。
Teaching goals : 1. Words & phrases: babysit ,get back , fishing , rent , think about , decide(on) , tourist etc. 2. How to talk about future plans . 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來計劃或行動. 4. 特殊疑問句(where , when , how long引導) Important and difficult points : Drills :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m watching TV . When are you going ? I’m going … . How long are you staying ? We’re staying for five days . Teaching aids : cards and a tape ,a large wall calendar . Period 1 Teaching procedures : Step 1Leading in1. Free talk . 2. Put up the wall calendar . T: I’m staying home on Saturday (pointing to next Saturday ).Ss repeat . Ss: I’m staying home on Saturday . T: OK. Today we’ll learn how to talk about future plans. Step 2Pre-task SB Page 13 , 1a . 1. Look at the picture carefully and tell what you see in the picture . 2. Write the activities from the pictures in the box and add some more . 3. Practice reading . Step 3While-task1. Using the activities we write in 1a to make conversations .For example :What are you doing for vacation ? I’m visiting my uncle . 2. Pairwork .Practice in pairs . 3. 用第三人稱練習對話.
教學目標1.知識目標:(1)學習What are you going to be when you grow up?/How are you going to do that?句式。(2)學會用英語描述有關職業(yè)的表達法。2.能力目標:(1)能夠談論為實現(xiàn)理想所做出的打算和安排。(2)能夠談論未來自己與他人理想的職業(yè)及原因。(3)能用英語描述課余時間的活動安排,最終具備表達綜合信息的能力。3.情感目標:新學期到來之際,讓他們在學習、體育、飲食、特長、讀書等方面制定計劃,教育學生合理安排自己的課外生活,思考自己的理想職業(yè)及適合自己的職業(yè)。教學重點、難點本單元的重點為“be going to”表將來,want to be, what,where, when,how引導的特殊疑問句。難點是語言目標的實現(xiàn)。教材分析本單元以I am going to be a basketball player為話題,共設計了三部分的內容:一、Section A該部分有4個模塊。第一模塊圍繞Do you think these jobs are interesting?這一話題展開思維(1a)、聽力(1b)、口語(1c)訓練;
教學重點和難點:運用所掌握的語言描述,比較不同地點的特點。在練習中學習掌握英語比較級和最高級的用法。課前準備分配小組,每組五至六人。通過上網(wǎng)或翻閱報刊雜志等方法,確定旅游線路,做出基本的旅游計劃。教學設計:本節(jié)課流程圖 學法指導:1.由于這是一堂新課,在教學中應注意面向全體,發(fā)揮學生的主體性,引導學生積極參與,激發(fā)學生的求知欲和學習積極性,指導學生積極思維,主動獲取知識,養(yǎng)成良好的學習方法。逐步學會獨立解決問題??傊M可能調動學生的非智力因素促進智力因素的發(fā)展。教法選擇:1.電化教學法2.課堂討論法3.任務型教學法采用這些方法的目的是為了充分調動學生的學習積極性,使學生變被動學習為主動學習。通過電腦形象的演示,加強印象,提高興趣,突破難點,提高教學效率,進而增大教學的容量和信息量。充分體現(xiàn)教師為主導,學生為主體的教學原則。
Step 3 (3b)First, tell the students when we talk about our future plans, we often use: I’m+verb+ing When we talk about what we must do, we use have to. Ask the students to fill in the blanks in 3b. The answers are: shopping, go to see, a test, I’m going, my family. Step 4 (3c)Let the students write an e-mail message to a friend. Say why you can’t visit next. Before the exercise, ask the students to give some possible answers and write them on the blackboard. So the students will feel easy to finish the writing exercise. After they finish it, Let them to correct it in groups first. Each group chooses theirs best one to read in front of the whole class. Step 5 ( planning a party )First read the conversation in the box together. Then ask the students to turn to page 88.Write down everything you have to do next week. Write in all the things you have to do . Ask the students to look at the list. Ask them “What day are you free?” This is when you can have your party. Step 6 (Self check 1 )Let the students to fill in the blanks with the words given. Change the forms of the words if possible. Then make their own sentences. The answers are: visit, playing, have to, study, comeStep 7 (Self check 2)Imagine you are Marie. Read the information and look at your schedule. Write replies to the invitation.
1. First, ... then, ... next, ... finally, ...首先,……然后,……接著,……最后,……這是英語中表達做某事的步驟的一種說法。如果步驟較多,還可以說:first-next-after that-later on-finally/at last通常你會聽到說英語國家的人在說 first, next, then, finally 和后面的內容時,他們會做一些停頓。這樣就能提前告訴聽者接下來講的是一系列的步驟。這一點在朗讀和聽力中應特別注意。2. how many, how much均為疑問詞,同是“多少”,但用法不同。請看:how many修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù),how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。但在用法上,同學們常犯如下錯誤:1) [誤] How many are there bananas on the table?[正] How many bananas are there on the table?[析] how many, how much 中的many,much是形容詞,常修飾名詞作定語,故后面跟名詞。2) [誤]How much tea are there on the table?[正]How much tea is there on the table?[析] how much修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。how many與how much的區(qū)別可簡記為:前how many:問“多少”,復數(shù)名詞后面跑;how much問“多少”,不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)好。前者答語用基數(shù)詞,后者答語用數(shù)量關系。
“Go for it!” is based on “Task-Based Language Teaching”. It adheres to “The authenticity principle”, “The form-function principle”, “The task dependency principle” and “The principle of learning by doing”. These principles all accord with the demands of curriculum focus.In and of Grade Seven (II), “Go for it!”, students have learned “The Simple Past Tense”. And it appears again in of Grade Eight (I). teaches students more about how to talk about events in the past. In addition, it gives affirmative and negative statements in the past tense, such as the sentence patterns “Did you see …?” “Were there …?” “Did you go …?” As the first part of Unit 8, Section A opens with a picture presenting the last school trip in the aquarium and continues with several step-by-step practice activities, which are all good for students to master “The Simple Past Tense”. Doing well in Section A will help students integrate the new target language with that in Section B. Thus, they can describe the events in the past freely and foster their own ability of reflecting and practicing. II. Teaching ObjectivesTeaching objective is the beginning and aim of teaching activities. According to the overall goal of the English elementary course--- improve students' synthetic ability of language application, which should be based on the development of students’ “Language knowledge”, “Language skills”, “Character building”, “Learning strategies” and “Cross-cultural awareness”. The teaching objectives are described as follows(I). Knowledge objectivesi. Master the simple past tense of regular and irregular verbsii. Recite the new words and expressions about the last school trip in the aquarium, including their pronunciation and intonation
一、 教學內容Section A 1a----1c二、 教學目標1.學習詞匯do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, sweep the floor, clean the living room.2.句型 Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.三、 教學準備 學生預習本單元所有的詞匯多媒體課件 活動表 獎品四、 教學過程Pre-task1. Warming upEnjoy ourselves. Watch cartoon Cinderella. 看動畫片段《灰姑娘》導如入本課話題和新詞匯“chores”美麗善良的鬼姑娘因繼母的嫉妒,每天得做所有的家務。片段的主題使學生聯(lián)想到本課的話題。2. learn new words and phrasesLook! What is she / he dong? 看圖學習動詞詞組do chores, do the dishes, make the bed, take out the trash, fold the clothes, do the laundry, clean the living room.3. Guessing game.What is she doing ? 4. Pair work. 1a, Do you do these things at home? Write “Y” for “yes” and “N” for “no”.5. Listening . 1b , Peter’s chores or Mom’s chores?理解目標語Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.Write “M” for Mom’s chores, “P” for Peter’s chores in the chart.6. PairworkLook at the picture,Ask your partner to do the chores that you see. 7. Interview Who is the most able at home? 1) What chores do you do at home? How often do you do the chores? Work in four, interview each of the students in the group, fill in the chart.
Step Ⅶ Role play ( Work on 1b)1. First ask two students to read the dialogue to the class.Sa: How do you get to school?Sb: Well, I ride my bike to the subway station. Then I take the subway.2. Now work with a partner.Suppose you use two kinds of transportation to get to school \Hangzhou\Beijing... (bus, train, subway, walking, bike, etc.) Tell how you get there. You may use the phrases in 1a.3. Then ask different pairs of students to present their conversations to the class.Step ⅧListening1. Work on 2a(1) First ask students to read the list of information that Thomas wants to know.…where Nina lives.…h(huán)ow far from school she lives.…h(huán)ow long it takes to get to school.…h(huán)ow she gets to school.…what she thinks of the transportation.(2) Tell students what transportation and bus stop mean.bus stop 汽車站 transportation n. 運送;運輸Then tell students we'll hear a recording. Please put a checkmark in front of each thing that Thomas wants to know.(3) Now play the recording for students.( Have students pay attention to the sample answer.) (4) Then correct the answers.
1 交通工具的比較此活動為小組活動。學生通過討論找出到達某一城市可乘坐的各種交通工具,并選擇最佳出行方式。Teacher:We’re going to Shanghai. How many ways can we use to get there? Yes, there are four ways: by bus, by plane, by train, by ship. Please discuss how you are going to get there.操作建議:(1)學生以小組為單位展開活動,談論本組所選擇的交通工具。(2)各組選代表向全班匯報,闡述本組所選擇的交通工具的利和弊。完成任務所需要的語言結構:We can go there by ship. It’s more comfortable and cheaper than any other transportation.We can go there by bus. It’s cheaper but it takes longer time.2 哪個城市更合適?此活動具有挑戰(zhàn)性。假設中國要舉行2014年世界杯足球賽,分別從歷史,人文,天氣等方面對各城市(北京,大連,上海,昆明)進行比較,選擇最佳舉辦城市。T: Imagine China is holding the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Which city do you think is the best for the World Cup, Beijing, Dalian, Shanghai or Kunming? Let’s work in groups. If you choose Beijing, please join the Team Red. If you chose Dalian, please join the Team White. If you choose Shanghai, please join the Team Blue. If you choose Kunming, please join the Team Green. Please show us its advantages. Then let’s see which team will win.
She shouldn’t go to the party tonight.Step7. TaskT: You know, there are lots of problems in our life. If you are a doctor, please tell us how to solve the problem. I will divide you into 9 groups. Please work in groups. And then choose one of you to report your ideas.The following are the problems:I have a toothache.I am hungry. I have a sore throat.I am stressed out. I have a sore back.I am tired. I can’t sleep.I have a cold. I have a headache.Report: If you have a headache, you should go to bed early. You should see the doctor. You should eat some medicine. You shouldn’t wash your face with cold water.You shouldn’t sleep late.You shouldn’t swim.…..T encourages the students to give advice as much as possible.Homework:1. Chose one of the problems, and write down your advice2. Copy the new words這一步是用于熱身的,同時也可以讓他們復習一部分的表示人體部位的單詞,擴充知識.學習語言的過程也是一個不斷積累的過程,復習舊知識,增添新知識.通過小游戲,強化學生對Does she/he have…這個句子的運用能力.通過復習,自然的引到下面新知識的學習。充分利用表格,由句子到對話,再到文章,讓學生循序漸進. 提高學生的綜合語言運用能力,運用以前學過的知識來解決身邊的問題.Period 5 (Section B 3a—3c, selfcheck)教學內容與分析:
第五環(huán)節(jié):課堂小結內容:師生相互交流總結解二元一次方程組的基本思路是“消元”,即把“二元”變?yōu)椤耙辉保?解二元一次方程組的第一種解法——代入消元法,其主要步驟是:將其中的一個方程中的某個未知數(shù)用含有另一個未知數(shù)的代數(shù)式表示出來,并代入另一個方程中,從而消去一個未知數(shù),化二元一次方程組為一元一次方程.解這個一元一次方程,便可得到一個未知數(shù)的值,再將所求未知數(shù)的值代入變形后的方程,便求出了一對未知數(shù)的值.即求得了方程組的解.目的:鼓勵學生通過本節(jié)課的學習,談談自己的收獲與感受,加深對 “溫故而知新” 的體會,知道“學而時習之”.設計效果:學生能夠在課堂上暢所欲言,并通過自己的歸納總結,進一步鞏固了所學知識.第六環(huán)節(jié):布置作業(yè)課本習題5.2教學設計反思1.引入自然.二元一次方程組的解法是學習二元一次方程組的重要內容.教材通過上一小節(jié)的實際問題,比較一元一次方程的列法和解法,從而自然引入二元一次方程組的代入消元解法.
在探究估算方法的時候,教師要注重適時的引導,以免讓學生無從下手.在教學過程中一定要讓學生體會估算的實用價值,了解到“數(shù)學既來源與生活,又回歸到生活為生活服務”.(二)課堂評價的一些思考在教學中要多鼓勵學生用自己的語言表達他們的想法,在估算的過程中多給予適當?shù)囊龑Ш驮u價,讓學生逐步把握估算的方法,找到解決問題的信心.比如對“畫能掛上去嗎”這個問題情境,學生可能提出不同的看法,有些學生可能認為可以掛上去,因為人還有身高,完全可以彌補梯子穩(wěn)定擺放的高度和掛畫位置的高度之間的差距,有些學生可能認為,人不可能爬到梯子的頂部,加上人如果本來比較矮,畫就不能掛上去等等想法,教師都應該給予肯定,這樣才能激發(fā)學生思考問題的熱情,調動學生探究問題的積極性.作為教師,一定要尊重學生的個體差異,滿足多樣化的學習需要,鼓勵探究方式、表達方式和解題方法的多樣化.
【類型三】 已知方程組的解,用代入法求待定系數(shù)的值 已知x=2,y=1是二元一次方程組ax+by=7,ax-by=1的解,則a-b的值為()A.1 B.-1 C.2 D.3解析:把解代入原方程組得2a+b=7,2a-b=1,解得a=2,b=3,所以a-b=-1.故選B.方法總結:解這類題就是根據(jù)方程組解的定義求,即將解代入方程組,得到關于字母系數(shù)的方程組,解方程組即可.三、板書設計解二元一,次方程組)基本思路是“消元”代入法解二元一次方程組的一般步驟回顧一元一次方程的解法,借此探索二元一次方程組的解法,使得學生的探究有很好的認知基礎,探究顯得十分自然流暢.充分體現(xiàn)了轉化與化歸思想.引導學生充分思考和體驗轉化與化歸思想,增強學生的觀察歸納能力,提高學生的學習能力.
一、情境導入神舟十號是中國神舟號系列飛船之一,主要由推進艙(服務艙)、返回艙、軌道艙組成.神舟十號在酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心“921工位”,于2013年6月11日17時38分02.666秒發(fā)射,由長征二號F改進型運載火箭(遙十)“神箭”成功發(fā)射.在軌飛行十五天左右,加上發(fā)射與返回,其中停留天宮一號十二天,共搭載三位航天員——聶海勝、張曉光、王亞平.6月13日與天宮一號進行對接.6月26日回歸地球.要讀懂這段報導,你認為要知道哪些名稱和術語的含義?二、合作探究探究點一:定義 下列語句屬于定義的是()A.明天是晴天B.長方形的四個角都是直角C.等角的補角相等D.平行四邊形是兩組對邊分別平行的四邊形解析:作出正確選擇的關鍵是理解定義的含義.A是對天氣的預測,B是描述長方形的性質,C是描述補角的性質.只有D符合定義的概念.故選D.方法總結:定義指的是對術語和名稱的含義的描述,是對一個事物區(qū)分于其他事物的本質特征的描述,而不是對其性質的判斷.
解析:本題是要求兩個未知數(shù),即3和4的權.所以應把平均數(shù)與方程組綜合起來,利用平均數(shù)的定義來列方程,組成方程組求解.解:設投進3個球的有x人,投進4個球的有y人,由題意,得3x+4y+5×2=3.5×(x+y+2),0×1+1×2+2×7+3x+4y=2.5×(1+2+7+x+y).整理,得x-y=6,x+3y=18.解得x=9,y=3.答:投進3個球的有9人,投進4個球的有3人.方法總結:利用平均數(shù)的公式解題時,要弄清數(shù)據(jù)及相應的權,避免出錯.三、板書設計平均數(shù)算術平均數(shù):x=1n(x1+x2+…+xn)加權平均數(shù):x=(x1f1+x2f2+…+xnfn)f1+f2+…fn通過探索算術平均數(shù)和加權平均數(shù)的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,培養(yǎng)學生的思維能力;通過有關平均數(shù)問題的解決,提升學生的數(shù)學應用能力.通過解決實際問題,體會數(shù)學與社會生活的密切聯(lián)系,了解數(shù)學的價值,增進學生對數(shù)學的理解和增加學好數(shù)學的信心.
已知xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項,求m和n的值.解析:根據(jù)同類項的概念,可列出含字母m和n的方程組,從而求出m和n.解:因為xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項,所以m-n+1=n-1,①3m-2n-5=1.②整理,得m-2n+2=0,③3m-2n-6=0.④④-③,得2m=8,所以m=4.把m=4代入③,得2n=6,所以n=3.所以當m=4,n=3時,xm-n+1y與-2xn-1y3m-2n-5是同類項.方法總結:解這類題,就是根據(jù)同類項的定義,利用相同字母的指數(shù)分別相等,列方程組求字母的值.三、板書設計用加減法解二元一次方程組的步驟:①變形,使某個未知數(shù)的系數(shù)絕對值相等;②加減消元;③解一元一次方程;④求另一個未知數(shù)的值,得方程組的解.進一步理解二元一次方程組的“消元”思想,初步體會數(shù)學研究中“化未知為已知”的化歸思想.選擇恰當?shù)姆椒ń舛淮畏匠探M,培養(yǎng)學生的觀察、分析問題的能力.
第一環(huán)節(jié)感受生活中的情境,導入新課通過若干圖片,引導學生感受生活中常常需要確定位置.導入新課:怎樣確定位置呢?——§3.1確定位置。第二環(huán)節(jié)分類討論,探索新知1.溫故啟新(1)溫故:在數(shù)軸上,確定一個點的位置需要幾個數(shù)據(jù)呢? 答:一個,例如,若A點表示-2,B點表示3,則由-2和3就可以在數(shù)軸上找到A點和B點的位置。總結得出結論:在直線上, 確定一個點的位置一般需要一個數(shù)據(jù).(2)啟新:在平面內,又如何確定一個點的位置呢?請同學們根據(jù)生活中確定位置的實例,請談談自己的看法.2.舉例探究Ⅰ. 探究1(1)在電影院內如何找到電影票上指定的位置?(2)在電影票上“6排3號”與“3排6號”中的“6”的含義有什么不同?(3)如果將“6排3號”簡記作(6,3),那么“3排6號”如何表示?(5,6)表示什么含義? (4) 在只有一層的電影院內,確定一個座位一般需要幾個數(shù)據(jù)?結論:生活中常常用“排數(shù)”和“號數(shù)”來確定位置. Ⅱ. 學有所用(1) 你能用兩個數(shù)據(jù)表示你現(xiàn)在所坐的位置嗎?
② 命題的含義:判斷一件事情的句子,叫做命題,如果一個句子沒有對某一件事情作出任何判斷,那么它就不是命題.活動目的:通過課后的總結,使學生對定義、命題等概念有更清楚的認識,讓學生在頭腦中對本節(jié)課進行系統(tǒng)的歸納與整理.教學效果:學生在有了前面對定義、特別是命題概念的學習后,能了解命題的結構,以及哪些是命題,使學生對命題的學習有了清楚的認識。第五環(huán)節(jié) 課后練習學習小組搜集八年級數(shù)學課本中的新學的部分定義、命題,看誰找得多.四、教學反思本節(jié)課的設計具有如下特點:(1)采用了“小品表演”的形式引入新課,意在激起學生對數(shù)學的興趣,讓學生知道,數(shù)學不是枯燥無味的。并能從表演中不同的人對“黑客”這個名詞的不同理解更好地悟出“定義”的含義。