巴金在十年浩劫中的大致經(jīng)歷:放棄包弟并沒有換得保全一家人,1968年8月,巴金被關(guān)進(jìn)牛棚改造,隨后經(jīng)受了大字報、掛牌游街等形式的批斗。1970年,到農(nóng)村改造,掏大糞、喂豬、背稻草、種地……1972年,妻子蕭珊在飽受精神折磨后患上癌癥,病逝。巴金的兒子在勞動改造的過程中也飽受精神和肉體上的折磨,性格變得內(nèi)向抑郁,疾病纏身。此時,巴金69歲。巴金曾在《病中》一文寫道:“當(dāng)姚文元拿著棒子的時候,我給關(guān)在牛棚里除了唯唯諾諾之外,敢于做過什么事情?十年間我不過是一條含著眼淚等人宰割的牛。”小結(jié):(幻燈片12)社會是病態(tài)的社會,政治是高壓的政治,人性是扭曲的人性。十年文革,十年浩劫,給多少人留下了累累不可彌合的精神創(chuàng)傷。即使一條小狗,也可能擺脫不了“文革”無情的迫害,比如包弟,比如藝術(shù)家鄰居的小狗。
第7~10段,我們?nèi)〉昧顺醪降某删汀O葘懨珴蓶|主席的號召,激勵無數(shù)的航天人去實現(xiàn)千年夢想;接著寫我們的計劃,上天畢竟是一件天大的事情,不是誰一句話就能吹上去的,需要有周密的計劃,這計劃的第一步是研制火箭,成功了,而從毛主席發(fā)出號召開始到火箭成功發(fā)射才用了1年零9個月;又用了不到10年的時間中國的第一顆人造衛(wèi)星又上了天,“宣告中國進(jìn)入了航天時代”。由號召,到計劃,到成功,一步一步寫來,緊張的任務(wù),緊湊的文章,娓娓道來,條理清晰。第11~13段,人造衛(wèi)星上天了,下一步就是載人飛天,圓千年夢想。我們也做了大量的準(zhǔn)備工作,一是航天材料、食品等的準(zhǔn)備,一是航天員的準(zhǔn)備,已經(jīng)挑選了19位優(yōu)秀的飛行員,他們是航天員的預(yù)備軍。看來實現(xiàn)中國人的航天夢已為時不遠(yuǎn)了??墒窃诳茖W(xué)上是沒有坦途的,由于多方面的原因,計劃擱淺了,我們的飛天夢想“只能塵封在一張張構(gòu)思草圖中”,這是多么遺憾的事?。?/p>
書法藝術(shù)的繁榮期,是從東漢開始的東漢時期出現(xiàn)了專門的書法理論著作,最早的書法理論提出者是東西漢之交的揚(yáng)雄第一部書法理論專著是東漢時期崔瑗的《草書勢》漢代書法家可分為兩類:一類是漢隸書家,以蔡邕為代表一類是草書家,以杜度、崔瑗、張芝為代表,張芝被后人稱之為“草圣”最能代表漢代書法特色的,莫過於是碑刻和簡牘上的書法東漢碑刻林立,這一時期的碑刻,以漢隸刻之,字型方正,法度謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)、波磔分明此時隸書已登峰造極漢代創(chuàng)興草書,草書的誕生,在書法藝術(shù)的發(fā)展史上有著重大意義它標(biāo)志著書法開始成為一種能夠高度自由的抒發(fā)情感,表現(xiàn)書法家個性的藝術(shù)草書的最初階段是草隸,到了東漢時期,草隸進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,形成了章草,后由張芝創(chuàng)立了今草,即草書
一、內(nèi)容與解析內(nèi)容:科普說明文《動物游戲之謎》。解析:《動物游戲之謎》是高中語文(必修)3第四單元的一篇科普說明文??茖W(xué)是人類認(rèn)識世界的重要工具,是人類文化的重要組成部分,是標(biāo)志人類文明的尺度。閱讀科普文章,可以啟迪心志,激發(fā)想象,帶領(lǐng)我們進(jìn)入全新的科學(xué)天地,在科學(xué)海洋中遨游。本文思路清晰,內(nèi)容生動,揭開了動物日常游戲行為的神秘面紗,擺出研究者的種種結(jié)論,既讓我們擴(kuò)大了視野,增長了知識,也讓我們明白了科學(xué)探索永無止境。學(xué)習(xí)本文的重點是提高的科普文的閱讀能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)及解析1、理清文章思路,明確本文的說明內(nèi)容和順序。2、品讀文章,感受本文的語言特色。3、激發(fā)探究興趣,培養(yǎng)篩選信息、提取要素及概括敘述的能力。4、挖掘人文內(nèi)涵,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生保護(hù)動物的意識和勤于探索、勇于鉆研的科學(xué)精神。
結(jié)合歷史自古以來,江山美人歷來都是引無數(shù)英雄豪杰競折腰的,如果說英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都?xì)w結(jié)于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來的,紂王聽信了妲己的讒言,聽與不聽決定權(quán)在紂王,而不在妲己。強(qiáng)勢永遠(yuǎn)在紂王一邊。再來看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國貢獻(xiàn)給吳國的供品來到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個可憐的女人根本沒有自己的獨(dú)立選擇,沒有獨(dú)立的愛情,如果沒有西施,就會有南施,或北施;如果沒有楊貴妃,就會有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因為那是吳王和李隆基的需要。
【明確】“一夫當(dāng)關(guān),萬夫莫開”言劍閣有易守難攻的險要形勢,暗示中央朝廷的部隊很不容易打進(jìn)來,因而野心家可以據(jù)險發(fā)動叛亂,“化為狼與豺”,搞地方割據(jù)。如果割據(jù)勢力之間出現(xiàn)矛盾沖突,難免要發(fā)生混戰(zhàn),結(jié)果必定是“殺人如麻”。詩人這番預(yù)言在十多年后就得到了證實:從上元二年到大歷初即有段子璋、徐知道、崔旰等人相繼發(fā)動叛亂。詩人的意圖是要嚴(yán)防野心家發(fā)難。詩人從劍閣的險要引出對政治形勢的描寫。他化用西晉張載《劍閣銘》中形勝之地,匪親勿居的語句,目的在于勸人引以為鑒戒,警惕戰(zhàn)亂的發(fā)生,并聯(lián)系當(dāng)時的社會背景,揭露了蜀中豺狼的磨牙吮血,殺人如麻,這既是描寫蜀道猛獸,又是影射政治黑暗的雙關(guān)語句,表達(dá)了對國事的憂慮與關(guān)切,為詩篇增加了現(xiàn)實的內(nèi)涵、深厚的意蘊(yùn)。唐天寶初年,太平景象背后正潛伏著危機(jī),后來發(fā)生的安史之亂,證明詩人的憂慮是有現(xiàn)實意義的。
小結(jié)人們對待祥林嫂這個“嫁而再寡”的不幸女人態(tài)度:①、魯四老爺?shù)膽B(tài)度:不讓她干祭祀的活(71、73、75、108通過四嬸先后三喊“你放著罷”,殺人不見血地葬送了祥林嫂的性命。而其中尤以最后一次對其打擊最大)。魯四老爺站在頑固維護(hù)封建宗法制度的立場上,從精神上殘酷地虐殺她。他暗暗地告誡四嬸的那段話,就是置祥林嫂于死地而又不露一絲血痕的軟刀子。②、魯四嬸的態(tài)度:魯四嬸是“大戶人家的太太”,頭一次留祥林嫂是看她能干,祥林嫂被婆家綁架走以后,她害怕給自己家惹麻煩。之后她惦念祥林嫂不是因為關(guān)心她的命運(yùn),而是自己的傭人都沒有祥林嫂那樣可心。以后祥林嫂再來,她“起初還躊躕”,后來倒是真心憐憫祥林嫂,留下她。但是祥林嫂不像過去那樣靈活能干了,四嬸開始“不滿”,進(jìn)而“警告”,最后把祥林嫂趕出家門。可以說,四嬸只是把祥林嫂當(dāng)成一件工具罷了,沒有把她當(dāng)人來看。
1.知識與能力:(1)通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析鑒賞19世紀(jì)以來有代表性的音樂與美術(shù)作品,了解這些作品產(chǎn)生的時代背景及其藝術(shù)價值。(2)通過分析世界藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生的歷史背景,可以幫助學(xué)生正確認(rèn)識人類文化的多樣性、時代性和民族性,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生結(jié)合歷史背景分析歷史問題的能力。(3)通過對19世紀(jì)以來的音樂與美術(shù)史實的分析、綜合、比較、歸納、概括等認(rèn)知活動,培養(yǎng)歷史思維和解決問題的能力。2.過程與方法:(1)讓學(xué)生在搜集資料、自主探究、合作交流過程中,發(fā)展學(xué)生在社會中學(xué)習(xí)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)、終身學(xué)習(xí)的能力。(2)通過上網(wǎng)了解藝術(shù)大師及分析鑒賞其各類美術(shù)、音樂作品,感受其藝術(shù)價值。 (3)思維方法:學(xué)會知識遷移,在從感知?dú)v史到不斷積累歷史知識,進(jìn)而不斷加深對歷史和現(xiàn)實的理解過程中,提高分析理解問題能力。學(xué)會善于從不同的角度發(fā)現(xiàn)問題,積極探索解決問題的方法,從而做到論從史出、史論結(jié)合。
材料五航路開辟后,東方香料輸入歐洲的總量較中古之時猛增30倍,而胡椒、丁香等在印度購入和在英國賣出的差價亦高達(dá)10至29倍,其他貨物的獲利同樣驚人。這一時期,新的商品不斷涌現(xiàn),特別值得注意的是美洲的特產(chǎn)——玉米、馬鈴薯、煙草、可可等——被傳播到歐亞大陸。這時,世界性的對外貿(mào)易主要通過大西洋,地中海與意大利皆告衰落,而沿大洋的英、荷等漸居中心。到17世紀(jì)時,英國的倫敦與荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹成為世界貿(mào)易中心。問題4:材料五表明,新航路開辟后對世界貿(mào)易產(chǎn)生了哪些重大影響?答案4:結(jié)束了世界相對孤立狀態(tài);各地文明開始會合交流,日益連成一個整體;歐洲商人直接同世界各地建立商業(yè)聯(lián)系;促進(jìn)不同國家和貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,促進(jìn)世界市場雛形開始出現(xiàn)。
【教學(xué)參考】對“新政”作用的評價史學(xué)界對“新政”作用的評價是仁者見仁、智者見智,但基本上有三種觀點,即“功大于過論”、“過大于功論”和“功過參半論”。持“功大于過論”者認(rèn)為“新政”在美國歷史上基本上是一種進(jìn)步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機(jī),使美國人民擺脫了危機(jī)的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策知識的時代,羅斯福所做的努力確實是開創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_啟了美國以后歷屆政府實施國家干預(yù)政策的大門,成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實質(zhì)上加強(qiáng)了美國聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下,同日本、德國為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機(jī)而發(fā)動戰(zhàn)爭的策略相比,“新政”無疑代表了一種進(jìn)步、民主的解救危機(jī)方式。持“過大于功論”者認(rèn)為“新政”未能使美國走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
(2)世界需要中國:中國入世后,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機(jī)和平衡。世界需要中國。中國作為世界上最大的發(fā)展中國家,入世后,其巨大的需求潛力將轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實的購買力,為全球提供一個誘人的大市場。目前,與世貿(mào)組織成員間的貿(mào)易額占我國外貿(mào)總額的90%,來華落戶的跨國公司多來自世貿(mào)組織成員。世貿(mào)組織幾任總干事先后在不同場合表達(dá)過相同的意愿:WTO亟須中國帶來新的生機(jī)和平衡。2、影響:(1)對世界:促進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,有利于建立完善的世界貿(mào)易體系。(2)對中國:對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有利有弊,但利大于弊。中國加入世貿(mào)組織,是機(jī)遇也是挑戰(zhàn)。有利:加入世界貿(mào)易組織,促進(jìn)了我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步完善了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識與能力:(1)識記:理性、啟蒙運(yùn)動;伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運(yùn)動的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認(rèn)識上層建筑對社會發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過程與方法:(1)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用表格法掌握啟蒙運(yùn)動主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運(yùn)用比較法加深對啟蒙思想家觀點共性和個性的認(rèn)識。(3)運(yùn)用比較法對比文藝復(fù)興和啟蒙運(yùn)動的異同,說明啟蒙運(yùn)動對人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價值觀:(1)通過本課的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識到“一定的文化是一定社會的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學(xué)習(xí)啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)大的理想與抱負(fù);(3)通過法國啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識意識形態(tài)對社會發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學(xué)習(xí)理論的自覺性。
(5)be to do (可以和具體的時間狀語連用)①表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。②用于時間、條件狀語從句中,表示“如果要……,想要……”。The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天學(xué)生們將在學(xué)校大門口集會。 If you are to succeed, you must work as hard as possible. 如果你想要成功,比必須努力工作。(6)be about to do (不與具體的時間狀語連用) 表示即將要發(fā)生的動作。We are about to start. 我們就要出發(fā)了。The new school year is about to begin. 新學(xué)年開學(xué)在即。(7)一般現(xiàn)在時表將來①表示按時間表規(guī)定將要發(fā)生的動作。常限于表示位置移動的短暫性動詞。②在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看時刻表,快點!4026次航班的起飛時間是下午6點20分。Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour. 簡很匆忙,因為去機(jī)場的火車半小時后出發(fā)。
Good expressions that students can choose to use: help the travelers choose which tour to take1. In my opinion, you could/might choose…, because you prefer to…2. …could be a perfect choice for you, for…3. As far as I am concerned, you would enjoy…, for…4. …would probably suit you, because you enjoy/love/hate doing…Step 5 Passage ConsolidationLanguage appreciation:1. You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下來的三天里,您可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下,深入雨林進(jìn)行探索,欣賞雨林特有的動植物。本句主體結(jié)構(gòu)為spend some time doing sth. 2. Inca builders cut stones to exact sizes so that nothing was needed to hold walls together other than the perfect fit of the stones. 印加的建筑工人將石頭切割成精確的尺寸,僅僅憑著石頭間的完美契合,即可穩(wěn)固墻體。本句為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。nothing與the perfect fit為并列成分; other than在句中意為“除了”。Step 6 HomeworkSuppose you will travel to Peru, write a short essay about your three-day tour plan.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “restrictive relative clauses.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the relative pronouns and relative adverbs. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar, such as the “preposition+ relative pronouns which and whom” and cases where we can omit the relative pronouns. This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning restrictive relative clauses flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.本節(jié)語法思考:定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用是什么? 關(guān)系詞有哪些?定語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,它在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞。他們在先行詞和定語從句之間起到聯(lián)系作用,同時在意義上代表先行詞并在定語從句中擔(dān)任一個成分。被定語從句所修飾的詞稱先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
1. This section focuses on "Understanding how a problem was solved”, which is aimed to guide students to analyze and discuss the challenges and problems faced by cultural heritage protection during the construction of Aswan Dam, as well as the solutions. On the basis of understanding, students should pay attention to the key role of international cooperation in solving problems, and attach importance to the balance and coordination between cultural heritage protection and social and economic development. Students are encouraged to face challenges actively, be good at cooperation, and make continuous efforts to find reasonable ways and means to solve problems.2. Enable students to understand the main information and text structure of the reading text;3. Motivate students to use the reading strategy "make a timeline" according to the appropriate text genre;4. Enable students to understand how a problem was solved;5. Enable students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;1. Guide students to pay attention to reading strategies, such as prediction, self-questioning and scanning.2. Help students sort out the topic language about protecting cultural relics and understand the narrative characteristics of "time-event" in illustrative style3. Lead students to understand the value of protecting cultural heritage by teamwork and global community;
The theme of the reading and thinking is about “Understanding how a problem was solved”.The Listening & Speaking & Talking is about international co-work to protect the Mount Tai, in which the students from seven countries came up with many solutions even create the Mount Tai App. This section aims at showing how to solve a difficult and even tough problem about protecting the cultural heritage by the international co-work. So in this section, cultivating students’ international awareness is very clear and important. Concretely, with the economic development, how to balance the protection of cultural relics and social development is a big challenge for human. In the 1950s, the Egyptian government wanted to build the Aswan Dam across the Nile to control floods, produce electricity and water farms. But the proposal led to protests because it would destroy a lot of cultural relics. The Egyptian had no choice but ask the UN for help. Therefore, a international cooperation about how to protect the cultural relics began, which involved the time length about 20 years and a large amount of fund. Then, the problems was solved. 1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation4. Have the international awareness and understand the great strength of international cooperation.1. Read quickly to get the main idea and the structure of the article; read careful to get detailed information.2. Learn to use the reading strategy---making a timeline.3. Learn how to solve a tough problem by asking for help and cooperation.
This report is short, concise and has typical news content and language features. The title uses the verb phrases, embodying the characteristics of being concise and general. The introduction is the first two sentences in the first paragraph, describing the general situation of the cultural heritage protection project, including time, place, characters, events and other news elements, so that readers can see the main points of the news report at a glance. The main body is the second and third paragraphs, which report the important historical and cultural value of Mogao Grottoes and the production of Mogao Grottoes Material digital photos, which are of great significance to the inheritance of historical culture and the promotion of international cultural understanding, exchange and cooperation. Direct citation is used in the report, as well as background introduction and other news writing techniques.1. Get students to have a good understanding of some features about a news report by reading the text.2. Instruct students to write a summary about a news report properly using some newly acquired writing skills in this period.3. Develop students’ writing and cooperating abilities.4. Strengthen students’ great interest in writing discourses.1. Stimulate students to have a good understanding of how to a summary about a news report 2. Cultivate students to write a news report properly and concisely.Step 1: Lead in Do you think it is necessary for us to circulate our cultural heritage to the world? Why or why not?Do we need to learn more about other countries’ cultural heritage? Why or why not?Step 2: Read to discover details concerning the main body of the news report.
This teaching period mainly deals with grammar “The Present Perfect Passive Voice.” To begin with, teachers should lead students to revise what they have learned about the Present Perfect Passive Voice. And then, teachers move on to stress more special cases concerning this grammar。This period carries considerable significance to the cultivation of students’ writing competence and lays a solid foundation for the basic appreciation of language beauty. The teacher is expected to enable students to master this period thoroughly and consolidate the knowledge by doing some exercises. 1. Guide students to review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice2. Lead students to learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice flexibly.2. Enable students to use the basic phrases structures flexibly.3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.1. Help students to appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence2. Instruct students to write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.觀察下列句子特點,總結(jié)共同點。1.(教材P28)Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web.2.(教材P28)But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.3.(教材P28)Many people have been helped by the club.4.(教材P28)She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful.5.(教材P32)Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?