This lesson is about music. Students can classify the types of music through the instruments and its sound and can talk about their preferences about music, even join some activities and play a role in them according to their musical talents. On the basis, they are guided to use the languages to express their preferences and some plosive sounds and their rules.1. Classify the music types through the instruments and its sound.2. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons; talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and the rules.4. Join some activities and play a role in them according to the talents. 1. Listen and understand what the speakers’ preferences are and the reasons;2. talk about their own preferences and give their own reasons, using these sentences: “What kind of music do you like? And why? “ “Because it makes/gives me energy/peaceful.../touches my heart...”.3. Learn some plosives and incomplete plosives and its rules.Step 1 Lead inPoint at the pictures on P50 and ask Q1: What are the people doing in the pictures below?Q2: What kind of music they are?Then play the MP3s one by oneStep 2 ListeningTask 1: A reporter from the school newspaper is interviewing students about music. Listen to the interviews. Draw lines between the words to make complete sentences. Some words will not be used.
(4)Now we have heard a number of outstanding speeches ... 我們已經(jīng)聆聽(tīng)了許多精彩的發(fā)言……(5)Because we wanted the nations of the world, working together, to deal with ... 因?yàn)槲覀兿M澜绺鲊?guó)團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)去應(yīng)對(duì)……(6)And if we do not act ... 如果我們不采取行動(dòng)……(7)Now, I share the concerns that have been expressed ... 我也同意對(duì)于……表達(dá)的擔(dān)心(8)Let us show the world that by working together we can ... 讓我們告訴全世界,通過(guò)一起努力我們可以……(9)It is now time for us to ... 是時(shí)候我們……(10)And I have always wished that ... 我一直希望……(11)Thank you for letting me share this day with me.感謝你們和我共度這一天。實(shí)踐演練:假如你是高中生李華,你校將舉辦一次以“音樂(lè)”為主題的演講比賽,請(qǐng)你按照主題,寫(xiě)下你的演講稿。注意:詞數(shù)100左右。First of all, thank you for listening to my speech. My topic is: love music like love yourself.Music is like the air we need to maintain our normal lives around us. You can't imagine how terrible a world without music would be. Movies and TV shows have no music, only dry conversations and scenes; mobile phones only vibrations; streets only noisy crowds; cafes, western restaurants only depressed meals. What a terrible world it is!As a student, I hope we all can enjoy the fun brought by music in our spare time. Instead of just listening to music, we can even make our own music. Let's enjoy the fun of music!Thanks again for your attention!
巴金在十年浩劫中的大致經(jīng)歷:放棄包弟并沒(méi)有換得保全一家人,1968年8月,巴金被關(guān)進(jìn)牛棚改造,隨后經(jīng)受了大字報(bào)、掛牌游街等形式的批斗。1970年,到農(nóng)村改造,掏大糞、喂豬、背稻草、種地……1972年,妻子蕭珊在飽受精神折磨后患上癌癥,病逝。巴金的兒子在勞動(dòng)改造的過(guò)程中也飽受精神和肉體上的折磨,性格變得內(nèi)向抑郁,疾病纏身。此時(shí),巴金69歲。巴金曾在《病中》一文寫(xiě)道:“當(dāng)姚文元拿著棒子的時(shí)候,我給關(guān)在牛棚里除了唯唯諾諾之外,敢于做過(guò)什么事情?十年間我不過(guò)是一條含著眼淚等人宰割的牛?!毙〗Y(jié):(幻燈片12)社會(huì)是病態(tài)的社會(huì),政治是高壓的政治,人性是扭曲的人性。十年文革,十年浩劫,給多少人留下了累累不可彌合的精神創(chuàng)傷。即使一條小狗,也可能擺脫不了“文革”無(wú)情的迫害,比如包弟,比如藝術(shù)家鄰居的小狗。
(1)主人公大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾:大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾是《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的主人公,曾經(jīng)是個(gè)孤兒。作家描寫(xiě)了他從孤兒成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)具有人道主義精神的資產(chǎn)階級(jí)民主主義作家的過(guò)程。他善良,誠(chéng)摯,聰明,勤奮好學(xué),有自強(qiáng)不息的勇氣、百折不回的毅力和積極進(jìn)取的精神,在逆境中滿懷信心,在順境中加倍努力,終于獲得了事業(yè)上的成功和家庭的幸福。在這個(gè)人物身上寄托著狄更斯的道德理想。(2)《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》中的女性形象:在狄更斯筆下,《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》塑造了一個(gè)個(gè)有血有肉的人物形象,每個(gè)任務(wù)都給人留下了深刻的印象,尤其是成功塑造了不同性格、不同品德的女性形象:貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂、克拉拉、朵拉、摩德斯通小姐、米考伯太太、艾米麗……貝西姨婆與摩德斯通小姐的對(duì)比,克拉拉、朵拉與艾妮斯的對(duì)比更使她們栩栩如生,對(duì)貝西姨婆、艾妮斯、佩葛蒂的愛(ài)就更深一層,對(duì)摩德斯通小姐更是恨之入骨,對(duì)朵拉、克拉拉既同情又氣憤。
【教學(xué)意圖】要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,必須閱讀古詩(shī)文名著名篇。但在中國(guó)文化形成過(guò)程中影響最大的是什么?可以說(shuō)是儒家學(xué)說(shuō),包括《論語(yǔ)》這部經(jīng)典?!墩撜Z(yǔ)》等書(shū)是讀書(shū)人求仕做官的必修課本,是知識(shí)分子的思想言行基礎(chǔ),而且影響到整個(gè)社會(huì)生活,內(nèi)容包括倫理道德、教育體制、民間習(xí)俗等方面的思想。因此,要了解中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,有必要讀一讀《論語(yǔ)》?!窘虒W(xué)設(shè)計(jì)】因《論語(yǔ)》的年代已久遠(yuǎn),對(duì)學(xué)生而言,要理解透徹文句是比較深?yuàn)W困難的,因此必須在充分理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)《論語(yǔ)》進(jìn)行思想上的解讀??捎山處煆摹墩撜Z(yǔ)》中概括出幾點(diǎn)與生活、現(xiàn)實(shí)相關(guān)的要點(diǎn),要求學(xué)生分組進(jìn)行透徹的學(xué)習(xí)和領(lǐng)會(huì),如“小人與君子”、“學(xué)習(xí)的方法”、“教育的理念”等等?!冀虒W(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)〗讀《論語(yǔ)》知儒家思想。〖教學(xué)方法〗講解啟發(fā)、探究梳理、拓展延伸。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:一、交流誦讀課文技巧?!?jié)奏、韻腳、感情……(5分鐘)二、再讀確定自己的學(xué)習(xí)主題(15分)1、主題提示:音樂(lè)美、繪畫(huà)美、建筑美簡(jiǎn)介詩(shī)歌“三美”追求聞一多先生是我國(guó)現(xiàn)代文學(xué)史上集詩(shī)人、學(xué)者和斗士于一身的重要詩(shī)人。他不但致力于新詩(shī)藝術(shù)美的探索,提出了音樂(lè)美、繪畫(huà)美、建筑美的詩(shī)歌\"三美\"的新格律詩(shī)理論主張,還努力進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作實(shí)踐,寫(xiě)出了許多精美詩(shī)篇。他的新格律詩(shī)理論被后人稱(chēng)為現(xiàn)代詩(shī)學(xué)的奠基石,影響深遠(yuǎn)。《詩(shī)的格律》是聞一多先生系列詩(shī)論中最重要的一篇。在這篇論文中,他系統(tǒng)的提出\"詩(shī)的實(shí)力不獨(dú)包括音樂(lè)的美(音節(jié))、繪畫(huà)的美(詞藻),并且還有建筑的美(節(jié)的勻稱(chēng)和句的均齊)。\"這一關(guān)于新詩(shī)\"三美\"主張遂成為新格律詩(shī)派的理論綱領(lǐng)。
結(jié)合歷史自古以來(lái),江山美人歷來(lái)都是引無(wú)數(shù)英雄豪杰競(jìng)折腰的,如果說(shuō)英雄選擇了美人卻丟了江山,把所有罪名都?xì)w結(jié)于“女人是禍水”。但是,紂王無(wú)道,和有了妲己有必然的聯(lián)系嗎?有人說(shuō)妲己壞透了,壞透了的妲己如果不是取得紂王的信任是壞不起來(lái)的,紂王聽(tīng)信了妲己的讒言,聽(tīng)與不聽(tīng)決定權(quán)在紂王,而不在妲己。強(qiáng)勢(shì)永遠(yuǎn)在紂王一邊。再來(lái)看看西施和楊貴妃:西施是作為越國(guó)貢獻(xiàn)給吳國(guó)的供品來(lái)到吳王夫差的身邊的,楊貴妃更是先是李隆基的兒媳婦被看中而得寵的。所以,西施和楊貴妃這兩個(gè)可憐的女人根本沒(méi)有自己的獨(dú)立選擇,沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的愛(ài)情,如果沒(méi)有西施,就會(huì)有南施,或北施;如果沒(méi)有楊貴妃,就會(huì)有李貴妃,王貴妃,總之什么施,什么妃是不能少的,因?yàn)槟鞘菂峭鹾屠盥』男枰?/p>
【教學(xué)參考】對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)史學(xué)界對(duì)“新政”作用的評(píng)價(jià)是仁者見(jiàn)仁、智者見(jiàn)智,但基本上有三種觀點(diǎn),即“功大于過(guò)論”、“過(guò)大于功論”和“功過(guò)參半論”。持“功大于過(guò)論”者認(rèn)為“新政”在美國(guó)歷史上基本上是一種進(jìn)步現(xiàn)象,首先,“新政”挽救了危機(jī),使美國(guó)人民擺脫了危機(jī)的困苦局面;其次,在缺少足夠的宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策知識(shí)的時(shí)代,羅斯福所做的努力確實(shí)是開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的;再次,羅斯?!靶抡遍_(kāi)啟了美國(guó)以后歷屆政府實(shí)施國(guó)家干預(yù)政策的大門(mén),成為緩解自由主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度之弊病的一劑良方,并在實(shí)質(zhì)上加強(qiáng)了美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府的權(quán)威;最后,在30年代資本主義世界經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的背景下,同日本、德國(guó)為轉(zhuǎn)嫁危機(jī)而發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的策略相比,“新政”無(wú)疑代表了一種進(jìn)步、民主的解救危機(jī)方式。持“過(guò)大于功論”者認(rèn)為“新政”未能使美國(guó)走出蕭條、步入繁榮。
教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與能力:(1)識(shí)記:理性、啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng);伏爾泰、孟德斯鳩、盧梭等偉大的啟蒙思想家及其主張;康德及啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響;(2)理解啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)興起的背景,分析啟蒙思想的巨大影響;(3)認(rèn)識(shí)上層建筑對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的巨大反作用。2、過(guò)程與方法:(1)指導(dǎo)學(xué)生用表格法掌握啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)主要代表人物及其思想主張;(2)運(yùn)用比較法加深對(duì)啟蒙思想家觀點(diǎn)共性和個(gè)性的認(rèn)識(shí)。(3)運(yùn)用比較法對(duì)比文藝復(fù)興和啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的異同,說(shuō)明啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)人文主義思想的發(fā)展。3、情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀:(1)通過(guò)本課的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到“一定的文化是一定社會(huì)的政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)在觀念上和形態(tài)上的反映”;(2)學(xué)習(xí)啟蒙思想家追求真理的精神,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生遠(yuǎn)大的理想與抱負(fù);(3)通過(guò)法國(guó)啟蒙思想產(chǎn)生的巨大影響的分析,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)意識(shí)形態(tài)對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展所起的重大作用,從而提高學(xué)習(xí)理論的自覺(jué)性。
無(wú)論她說(shuō)什么都不會(huì)對(duì)我們的安排有影響。Answers: for, arrangement3) Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.父母為孩子安排好一切,不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪路。4. extremely adv 極其,非常extreme adj 非常的1) Mary found it extremely difficult to get a job.2) I’m extremely sorry to have troubled you.Answers:瑪麗發(fā)現(xiàn)找工作極其困難。給你添了麻煩,我十分抱歉。3) It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved _________ (extreme) popular with the public.它有白色的隧道和明亮的紅色車(chē)廂,結(jié)果證明它非常受大眾的歡迎。Answers: extremelyExercises1. I am continuing to apply_______ jobs though I have failed several times.2. All this had an _______ (extremely) bad effect on the criminal justice system.3. The invention would have wide ______ (apply) in industry.4. She’s happy with her unusual living _________ (arrange).5. I was banging so loudly that I’m ___________ (amaze) that they didn’t hear me.6. You haven’t changed at all you still look ___________ (exact) the same.7. “Was it what you expected?” “Yes, _________ (definite).”8. He was looking forward to______ (work) with the newPrime Minister. Answers: for extreme application arrangement amazed exactly definitely looking單句寫(xiě)作:1. _______________ (你要說(shuō)些什么) when you get on the platform to accept the reward?2. Since_____________________(我們?yōu)檫@些事情做好了準(zhǔn)備), we have nothing to worry about.
Is there a clear purpose for the trip? :Does each paragraph have a clear main idea? Does the writer use the present continuous tense for future plans?Does the writer use commas, stops, and question marks correctly? Are all the words spelt correctly?Are all the proper nouns capitalized?Revise your draft according to your partner's comments.Step 5:The summary of how to write a travel plan.旅游計(jì)劃是一種常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。旅游可分為觀光游、文化游、美食游及探險(xiǎn)游等不同類(lèi)型,因此旅游計(jì)劃也要根據(jù)不同的旅游目的進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。常規(guī)的旅游計(jì)劃需要明確以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:Travel planWhen will you leave for? Where is your the destination?How will you get there?What will you do there?How long will you there?Is there a clear purpose for the trip? 為了提升旅行計(jì)劃的層級(jí),還需注意以下幾個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:1.每段是否有明確清晰的主題;2.用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí);3.用更高級(jí)的形容詞詞匯。例如:表達(dá)“好”時(shí),不要總用“nice”,我們還可以用“smart, clean, excellent, exciting, beautiful, wonderful, clever, famous, grand”等表達(dá)更具有指向性的詞匯;4.用更高級(jí)的動(dòng)詞詞匯。比如:我們可以用“seem stand, lie .get stay, remain, look . sound, become . keep, grow”等代替"be";
Listening and Speaking introduces the topic of “Take part in a youth project”. The listening text is an interview about an international youth cultural heritage protection project. More than 20 high school students from seven countries participated in the project. The reporter interviewed two participants Stephanie and Liu Bin. By listening to the text, students can understand the significance of cultural heritage protection, and teenagers can use their knowledge, combine their own interests and advantages, etc. to participate in the action of cultural heritage protection. Listening and Talking introduces the theme of "Talk about history and culture". The listening text is a dialogue between two tourists and tour guides when they visit the Kremlin, red square and surrounding buildings. The dialogue focuses on the functional items of "starting a conversation", which is used to politely and appropriately attract the attention of the others, so as to smoothly start a conversation or start a new topic. The purpose of this section is to guide students to understand the history and current situation of Chinese and foreign cultural heritage in their own tourism experiences or from other people's tourism experiences, explore the historical and cultural values, and be able to express accurately and appropriately in oral communication.1. Guide students to understand the content of listening texts in terms of the whole and key details; 2. Cultivate students' ability to guess the meaning of words in listening; discuss with their peers how to participate in cultural heritage protection activities.3. Instruct students to use functional sentences of the dialogue such as “I beg your pardon, but…” “Forgive me for asking, but…" and so on to start the conversation more politely and appropriately.
Q5:What's Jan's next goal?Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.Q6:What can we learn from her experiences?We learn that when we go through tough times, we can find help and support from other people online. We learn that we can feel less lonelyStep 5: While reading---rethinkingQ1: What is Jan’s attitude to the Internet ?Thankful/Grateful, because it has changed her and her life.Q2: What writing skills is used in the article ?Examples(Jan’s example, the 59-year-old man’s and the 61-year-old woman’s example)Q3: Can you get the main idea of the article ?The Internet has changed Jan’s life/Jan’s life has been changed by the Internet.Step 6 Post reading---Retell the storyMuch has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles (1)telling(tell) us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient. But the Internet has done a lot (2)more(much) for people than simply make life more convenient. People’s lives (3) have been changed(change) by online communities and social networks so far. Take Jan for example, who developed a serious illness that made her (4)stuck(stick) at home with only her computer to keep (5)her(she) company. She joined an online group (6)where she could share problems, support and advice with others. She considered the ability to remove the distance between people as one of the greatest (7)benefits(benefit). She was so inspired (8)that she started an IT club in which many people have been helped. She has started to learn more about how to use the Internet to make society better. Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money (9)for children in poor countries. Jan’s life has been (10)greatly(great) improved by the Internet.
Step 5 Practice一、完成下列句子。1. Judy and I _______________(把車(chē)停下來(lái)(park))in an underground car Park near Trafalgar Square, where we could ______________________(讓我們的車(chē)充電(charge)).2. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ___________ that there were no audio guides____________(留下,剩下).3. We__________________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己對(duì)...很驚訝)the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the National Gallery.4. Judy ____________________(眼神專(zhuān)注于) Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.5. She ____________________(把這幅畫(huà)的復(fù)制品裝箱(box)) to ensure that it was delivered safely.答案:1.had our car parked get our car battery charged 2. announced left 3. found ourselves very surprised 4. had her eyes fixed on 5. had a copy of the painting boxed二、用過(guò)去分詞對(duì)下列句子進(jìn)行改寫(xiě)。1. Loch Ness was surrounded by beautiful natural landscape, which made it look amazing.2. Carl and his friend stayed with a generous family who offered them bread with butter and honey that was homemade.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to soldiers who were wounded in the First World War.4. The young people were attracted by the legend of Loch Ness. They watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars, which were positioned on the hill.答案:1. Loch Ness surrounded by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.2. Carl and his friends stayed with a generous family who offered them homemade bread with butter and honey.3. The family’s ancestors once attended to wounded soldiers in the First World War.4. The young people attracted by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars positioned on the hill.
8. However, the more polite you are, the less likely it is you will be attacked. 然而, 你越有禮貌, 你被攻擊的可能性就越小。 Step 8 Writing---the articleHow to stay safe in the online chat roomToday I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times--- how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences in the online chat room ? I’m not an expert, but many years as a blogger have taught me a thing or two.First of all, there’s the golden rule of the Internet: keep out of what makes you uneasy. Don’t post comments or click on anything. Second, protect your privacy. Don’t give out too much private information like your address, phone numbers, the ID numbers, etc. Third, be polite. If you are polite to others on the Internet, you won’t be attacked in normal situation. Finally, don’t believe in others easily and never meet someone you met online alone. It is very dangerous.Have you had any bad experiences online, or do you have some good advice for staying safe? Post your comments below!Step 9 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Does the writer tell the reader what he/she know about the topic ?2. Are the tips and suggestions well organised ?3. Has the writer defined the new words ?4. Does the author include examples, comparison, or explanations ?5. Does the writer end by asking readers to leave comments and/or suggestions ?6. Can you find any grammar or spelling mistakes.Step 6 HomeworkPut up your revised draft in the classroom or read it to your class.
Step 1 Lead inThere are many interest of places in the UK. What do you know ?The Big Ben the London Tower the Thames RiverStep 2 Before reading---analyze the titleBeautiful Ireland and its traditionWe know that the article mainly tells about the beauty and traditions of Ireland. Step 3 While reading---Task 1Read the text and answer the following questions.Q1: What makes the Irish countryside exciting and inspiring?Its beauty and how it offers something for all the scenes.Q2: What are the best ways to experience some Irish traditions and cultures?By stopping by a village pub and relaxing with a drink and traditional meal while listening to music and watching dancingQ3: What is the meaning of “breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song ?”It means to not just smell but also breathe in the smell of fresh flowers early in the morning as the birds sing their first song of the new day.Q4: What are the best ways to experience Chinese traditions and customs ?By travelling to different places and using all your senses to experience everything and by interacting with local people.Step 4 While reading---Task 2Analyze the descriptive paragraph1. Identify and underline the paragraph’s introductory sentence and the ending sentence.Introductory sentence: Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence on its people and traditions.Ending sentence: And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.2. The paragraph talks about different senses in different places. Write the senses and places in the order that they appear.
這個(gè)地區(qū)有著深厚的傳統(tǒng)。既學(xué)既練:為了讓更多的外國(guó)游客了解中國(guó)文化,欣賞中國(guó)美麗的自然風(fēng)光,感受中國(guó)發(fā)生的巨大變化,某外文雜志社將出版一本英語(yǔ)小冊(cè)子來(lái)介紹中國(guó)的旅游景點(diǎn)。該雜志社邀請(qǐng)你為該小冊(cè)子寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)短文來(lái)介紹杭州,內(nèi)容包括:1.杭州的位置(中國(guó)東南部)、面積(16 000多平方公里)及歷史(2 200多年)等;2.杭州的旅游特色(自然風(fēng)景、傳統(tǒng)文化、特色小吃等);3.希望更多的游客來(lái)杭州參觀。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。Located in the southeast of China, Hangzhou is a beautiful city.Dating back more than 2,200 years, Hangzhou covers an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers.In Hangzhou, you can visit the West Lake, whose scenery is fascinating.In addition, you can’t miss its cultural relics and historical sites, from which you will learn more about excellent Chinese traditional culture and traditions.In Hangzhou, the special snacks are famous and visitors from different parts of the world think highly of them.As a tourist attraction, Hangzhou attracts a large number of visitors from home and abroad every year.Once you come to China, Hangzhou is a scenic spot you can’t miss.
Step1:自主探究。1.(教材P52)Born(bear) in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.2.(教材P52) Moved(move) by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”3.(教材P56)I was very afraid and I felt so alone and discouraged(discourage).4.(教材P58)Encouraged(encourage) by this first performance and the positive reaction of the audience, I have continued to play the piano and enjoy it more every day.Step2:語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)精析。用法1:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1).過(guò)去分詞可放在連系動(dòng)詞be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor.湯姆很驚訝地看到一條蛇正爬過(guò)地板。Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys.終于嬰兒厭倦了玩那些玩具。注意:1).過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài);而動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。The library is now closed.(狀態(tài))圖書(shū)館現(xiàn)在關(guān)閉了。The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.(動(dòng)作)昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。2)感覺(jué)類(lèi)及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的狀態(tài),常譯作“感到……的”;現(xiàn)在分詞多表示事物具有的特性,常譯作“令人……的”。
請(qǐng)問(wèn),作者究竟聽(tīng)到歌聲沒(méi)有?”學(xué)生回答:“沒(méi)有?!薄斑@里是比喻,因?yàn)檫@里用得是‘仿佛’一詞……”對(duì),是比喻。也就是說(shuō),作者是用歌聲來(lái)比喻荷香,是吧?“但是,“荷香與歌聲有什么可比的共同點(diǎn)嗎?”“荷香與歌聲都是斷斷續(xù)續(xù)、若有若無(wú)的。”“而且朦朦朧朧的?!薄皩?duì)?!昂上愫透杪暥际恰|縷’的、‘渺?!?。這是比喻。這是一種特殊的比喻,錢(qián)鐘書(shū)先生把它叫做‘通感’。人們通過(guò)視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、觸覺(jué)、味覺(jué)、嗅覺(jué)等五官感知外界事物時(shí),在一般情況下,彼此不能交錯(cuò);但在特殊情況下,五官功能卻能出現(xiàn)互相轉(zhuǎn)化、彼此溝通的現(xiàn)象叫“通感”,也叫“移覺(jué)”。舉幾個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明:詩(shī)人艾青曾寫(xiě)詩(shī)這樣描繪日本著名指揮家小澤征爾:‘你的耳朵在偵察,你的眼睛在傾聽(tīng)……’這也是通感。又如:“那笛聲里有故鄉(xiāng)綠色平原上青草的香味,有四月的龍眼花的香味,有太陽(yáng)的光明?!保üL(fēng)《葉笛》)
三、指導(dǎo)第一段的背誦,點(diǎn)撥理解句意,強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ),注重文言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)教學(xué)。過(guò)程中要讓學(xué)生反復(fù)讀背。背誦線索:時(shí)間——地點(diǎn)——事件——人物——環(huán)境——活動(dòng)——天氣——感覺(jué)。時(shí)間:永和九年,歲在癸丑,暮春之初。地點(diǎn):會(huì)于會(huì)稽山陰之蘭亭。事件:修稧事也。人物:群賢畢至,少長(zhǎng)咸集。環(huán)境:此地有崇山峻嶺,茂林修竹;又有清流激湍,映帶左右?;顒?dòng):引以為流觴曲水,列坐其次。雖無(wú)絲竹管弦之盛,一觴一詠,亦足以暢敘幽情。天氣:是日也,天朗氣清,惠風(fēng)和暢。感覺(jué):仰觀宇宙之大,俯察品類(lèi)之盛,所以極視聽(tīng)之娛,信可樂(lè)也。四、學(xué)生自讀背誦5分鐘。五、抽一至二名學(xué)生試背課文,教師可作必要的線索提示。第二課時(shí)一、聽(tīng)名家示范朗誦,學(xué)生小聲跟讀。二、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固第一自然段的閱讀背誦。三、朗讀、解析第二自然段,理解文章“由敘入感”的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)。