(四)、彈性勢(shì)能(據(jù)課時(shí)情況,可以讓學(xué)生自學(xué))生活中還有一些物體既沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)也沒有很大的高度卻同樣“儲(chǔ)存”著能量,哪怕它只是孩童手里的玩具(圖片:彈弓)。張緊的弓一撒手就會(huì)對(duì)箭支做功改變它的動(dòng)能,松弛的弓有這樣的本領(lǐng)嗎?同樣是弓前者具有能量而后者沒有,那么什么情況下物體才具有這種能量呢?張緊的弓在恢復(fù)原狀的過程會(huì)對(duì)外做功,但是拉斷的弓還能有做功的本領(lǐng)嗎?1.定義:物體由于發(fā)生彈性形變而具有的能量叫做彈性勢(shì)能。2.彈性勢(shì)能的大小與哪些因素有關(guān)呢?3、勢(shì)能由相互作用的物體的相對(duì)位置決定的能量。重力勢(shì)能:由地球和物體間相對(duì)位置決定。彈性勢(shì)能:由發(fā)生形變的各部分的相對(duì)位置決定。(五).反饋練習(xí)1. 物體在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中,克服重力做功50J, 則( )A.重力做功為50JB.物體的重力勢(shì)能一定增加50JC.物體的重力勢(shì)能一定減少50JD.重力做功為-50J
②內(nèi)燃機(jī)的發(fā)明推動(dòng)了交通運(yùn)輸領(lǐng)域的革新。19世紀(jì)末,新型的交通工具——汽車出現(xiàn)了。1885年,德國(guó)人卡爾·本茨成功地制成了第一輛用汽油內(nèi)燃機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車。1896年,美國(guó)人亨利·福特制造出他的第一輛四輪汽車。與此同時(shí),許多國(guó)家都開始建立汽車工業(yè)。隨后,以內(nèi)燃機(jī)為動(dòng)力的內(nèi)燃機(jī)車、遠(yuǎn)洋輪船、飛機(jī)等也不斷涌現(xiàn)出來。1903年,美國(guó)人萊特兄弟制造的飛機(jī)試飛成功,實(shí)現(xiàn)了人類翱翔天空的夢(mèng)想,預(yù)告了交通運(yùn)輸新紀(jì)元的到來。③內(nèi)燃機(jī)的發(fā)明推動(dòng)了石油開采業(yè)的發(fā)展和石油化學(xué)工業(yè)的產(chǎn)生。石油也像電力一樣成為一種極為重要的新能源。1870年,全世界開采的石油只有80萬(wàn)噸,到1900年猛增至2 000萬(wàn)噸。(3)化學(xué)工業(yè)的發(fā)展:①無機(jī)化學(xué)工業(yè):用化學(xué)反應(yīng)的方式開始從煤焦油中提煉氨、笨、等,用化學(xué)合成的方式,美國(guó)人發(fā)明了塑料,法國(guó)人發(fā)明了纖維,瑞典人發(fā)明了炸藥等。
3、工業(yè)革命引起社會(huì)關(guān)系變化——形成兩大對(duì)立的工業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和無產(chǎn)階級(jí)工業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)和工業(yè)無產(chǎn)階級(jí)成為社會(huì)的兩大階級(jí)。工業(yè)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)獲得更多的政治權(quán)利,各國(guó)通過改革,鞏固了資產(chǎn)階級(jí)的統(tǒng)治。 4、工業(yè)革命推動(dòng)資產(chǎn)階級(jí)調(diào)整內(nèi)外政策——自由主義與殖民擴(kuò)張對(duì)內(nèi),希望進(jìn)一步擺脫封建束縛,要求自由經(jīng)營(yíng)、自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和自由貿(mào)易。重商主義被自由放任政策所取代。對(duì)外,加快了殖民擴(kuò)張和殖民掠奪的步伐。三、世界市場(chǎng)的基本形成1、原因條件(1)工業(yè)革命的展開使世界貿(mào)易的范圍和規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大1840年前后,英國(guó)的大機(jī)器工業(yè)基本上取代了工場(chǎng)手工業(yè),率先完成了工業(yè)革命,成為世界上第一個(gè)工業(yè)國(guó)家。之后,法國(guó)和美國(guó)等國(guó)也相繼完成工業(yè)革命。隨著工業(yè)革命的展開,資產(chǎn)階級(jí)竭力在全世界拓展市場(chǎng),搶占原料產(chǎn)地,使世界貿(mào)易的范圍和規(guī)模迅速擴(kuò)大。
(5)高度不同,對(duì)平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)距離有何影響,是否因?yàn)楦叨葴p小后下落時(shí)間減小,所以要增大速度才能達(dá)到相同的距離?(教學(xué)實(shí)踐證明,這種想法在學(xué)生比較多見。已經(jīng)不自覺的沿用了自由落體運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律,又隱隱有運(yùn)動(dòng)等時(shí)性的痕跡。應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生這一結(jié)果還需實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。)教師的引導(dǎo):其實(shí),我們所提出的看法都跟平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)的規(guī)律有關(guān)系。那么平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)究竟有怎樣的規(guī)律呢?以前學(xué)過的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)知識(shí)還能用于今天的內(nèi)容嗎?由此逐步使學(xué)生意識(shí)到分析平拋運(yùn)動(dòng)須采用運(yùn)動(dòng)合成與分解這一方法。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證自主探究(15分鐘) 物理是實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué),多媒體教學(xué)不能代替實(shí)驗(yàn)。本教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的第三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)是實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生自主探究。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的猜想(實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模┰O(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。(1)介紹手持式平拋豎落儀,引導(dǎo)并小結(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)要領(lǐng):聽兩小球下落聲音判斷其下落時(shí)間。體會(huì)合運(yùn)動(dòng)和分運(yùn)動(dòng)是等時(shí)的。
1、舉例:2、結(jié)論:(1)物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是曲線的運(yùn)動(dòng)叫曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2)曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度方向是時(shí)刻改變的。(二)、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)方向:1、質(zhì)點(diǎn)在某一點(diǎn)(或某一時(shí)刻)的速度的方向是在曲線的這一點(diǎn)的切線方向。2、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度方向是時(shí)刻改變的,因此曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)是變速運(yùn)動(dòng)。(三)、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)條件:1、演示實(shí)驗(yàn):2、結(jié)論:當(dāng)物體所受的合力的方向跟它的速度方向不在同一直線時(shí),物體就做曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。七、課堂小結(jié):1、運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡是曲線的運(yùn)動(dòng)叫曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。2、曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)中速度的方向是時(shí)刻改變的,質(zhì)點(diǎn)在某一點(diǎn)的瞬時(shí)速度的方向在曲線的這一點(diǎn)的切線上。3、當(dāng)合外力F的方向與它的速度方向有一夾角a時(shí),物體做曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)。八、鞏固訓(xùn)練:1、關(guān)于曲線運(yùn)動(dòng),下列說法正確的是()。A:曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)一定是變速運(yùn)動(dòng);B:曲線運(yùn)動(dòng)速度的方向不斷的變化,但速度的大小可以不變;
學(xué)生中存在這樣的問題:既然宇宙間的一切物體都是相互吸引的,那么為什么沒有吸引到一起?為了解決這個(gè)問題,安排了例題2例2、兩物體質(zhì)量都是1kg,相距1m,它們間的萬(wàn)有引力是多少?通過本題,讓學(xué)生認(rèn)識(shí)到一般物體間的引力極小,不用考慮。那么,質(zhì)量很大的天體為什么沒被吸引到一塊?從而引出下節(jié)課題。4.課堂小結(jié):本節(jié)課,從天體運(yùn)動(dòng)出發(fā),通過推理證明,形成理性認(rèn)識(shí),再結(jié)合例題習(xí)題使學(xué)生的理性認(rèn)識(shí)再反饋到具體事實(shí)。形成實(shí)踐-理論-實(shí)踐的認(rèn)知循環(huán),順應(yīng)了認(rèn)知規(guī)律.。本共設(shè)計(jì)了很多問,能讓學(xué)生想的盡量讓學(xué)生想、能學(xué)生說的盡量讓學(xué)生說、能讓學(xué)生做的盡量讓學(xué)生做,全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的各方面能力。再通過作業(yè)和探究性課題使學(xué)生的思維活動(dòng)在時(shí)空上得以延續(xù)。5.布置作業(yè):布置作業(yè)時(shí)刻意安排引入:萬(wàn)有引力、重力、向心力、三者的聯(lián)系,通過引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)比結(jié)果,從中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題:萬(wàn)有引力與重力向心力的關(guān)系與區(qū)別,為下節(jié)知識(shí)的難點(diǎn)突破作好了鋪墊。
了解了第一宇宙速度及其意義之后,繼續(xù)提出問題,讓學(xué)生思考:如果衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度7.9km/s ,會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么情況呢?先讓學(xué)生們大膽猜想,然后再向?qū)W生們介紹 衛(wèi)星發(fā)射速度大于第一宇宙速度后的幾種可能情況,引出第二宇宙速度和第三宇宙速度,讓學(xué)生對(duì)第二、第三宇宙速度及其意義做定性了解。并通過演示Flash課件,幫助學(xué)生理解、加深學(xué)生印象。在學(xué)生對(duì)人造衛(wèi)星的原理及發(fā)射衛(wèi)星的速度條件有了初步了解后,接下來引導(dǎo)學(xué)生對(duì)衛(wèi)星的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律作進(jìn)一步的探索。實(shí)際上衛(wèi)星并不是沿地表水平發(fā)射的,而是用火箭多次加速送到一定的高度的軌道后,再沿以地心為圓心的圓周的切線運(yùn)行的。讓學(xué)生繼續(xù)深入思考:衛(wèi)星在不同高度繞地球運(yùn)行時(shí)的速度怎么求呢?將衛(wèi)星送入低軌道和高軌道所需的速度都一樣么?如果把不同軌道上的衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)動(dòng)都看成是勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生利用已學(xué)的萬(wàn)有引力和圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的相關(guān)知識(shí),探究衛(wèi)星繞地球的運(yùn)行規(guī)律。
第一階段政策性調(diào)整階段管理體制高度集中管理體制政企分開,簡(jiǎn)政放權(quán),擴(kuò)大企業(yè)自主權(quán)所有制單一的公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展以公有制為主體的多種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)分配制度平均主義以按勞分配為主的多種分配方式第二階段制度創(chuàng)新階段產(chǎn)權(quán)制度國(guó)有制實(shí)行以股份制為主要形式的現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度問:無論是農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革還是城市經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革都取得了可喜的成就,具有深遠(yuǎn)的意義。那整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革又有什么樣的意義呢?學(xué)生回答:調(diào)動(dòng)了------解放了------推動(dòng)了------??偨Y(jié):經(jīng)濟(jì)改革-------促進(jìn)------社會(huì)發(fā)展 一個(gè)問題-------經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革 兩個(gè)方面-------農(nóng)村、城市 三個(gè)意義-------農(nóng)村、城市、經(jīng)濟(jì)老師講授:改革不是一帆風(fēng)順的,它面臨著復(fù)雜的國(guó)內(nèi)外形勢(shì)。但是,鄧小平不愧是中國(guó)改革開放的總設(shè)計(jì)師,中國(guó)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的領(lǐng)路人。他沖破重重阻礙,南下上海、深圳等地視察,發(fā)表著名的“南方談話”,建立起社會(huì)主義的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的目標(biāo)。投影顯示:鄧南下圖片?!笆拇蟆睍?huì)場(chǎng)。社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制建立的過程。
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ),它通常位于系動(dòng)詞后面,用以說明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語(yǔ)的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容, 即主語(yǔ)等同于表語(yǔ), 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動(dòng)。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
(3)改造主觀世界同改造客觀世界的關(guān)系。改造客觀世界同改造主觀世界,是相互聯(lián)系、相互作用的。改造主觀世界是為了更好地改造客觀世界,人們?cè)诟脑炜陀^世界的同時(shí)也改造著自己的主觀世界。通過自覺改造主觀世界,又能提高改造客觀世界的能力。師:人們對(duì)自己的思想道德境界的追求,是永遠(yuǎn)止境的。讓我們共同努力,在踐行社會(huì)主義思想道德的過程中,不斷追求更高的目標(biāo),像無數(shù)先輩那樣,加入到為共產(chǎn)主義遠(yuǎn)大理想而奮斗的行列中吧!課堂小結(jié)通過本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí)使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的思想道德沖突,加強(qiáng)知識(shí)文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),不斷追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)的必要性;把握了知識(shí)文化修養(yǎng)與思想道德修養(yǎng)的含義及其相互關(guān)系;明確了我們應(yīng)該和怎樣追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo);認(rèn)識(shí)到這是一個(gè)永無止境的過程。我們要腳踏實(shí)地,從現(xiàn)在做起、從點(diǎn)滴小事做起,不斷提高知識(shí)文化修養(yǎng)和思想道德修養(yǎng),追求更高的思想道德目標(biāo)。
一、教材地位《音樂與影視藝術(shù)》是人教版高中歷史必修(III)第八專題中的第三節(jié)內(nèi)容。音樂、影視藝術(shù)屬于意識(shí)形態(tài)范疇,是當(dāng)時(shí)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的反映,是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的產(chǎn)物。19世紀(jì)以來的音樂與影視藝術(shù)糅合了近代科學(xué)技術(shù)的元素,直接引領(lǐng)著文明發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和社會(huì)風(fēng)尚,滿足人們不同層次的審美需要和精神追求。音樂、影視藝術(shù)在人類日常生活中無處不在,已經(jīng)成為人們?nèi)粘I钪械闹匾M成部分,所以具有重要地位。本課分三個(gè)部分介紹了19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)音樂的發(fā)展與變化以及影視藝術(shù)的產(chǎn)生發(fā)展。下面我就談?wù)剬?duì)這節(jié)課的教學(xué)思路。二、教材分析1、課標(biāo)要求課標(biāo)的要求是:列舉19世紀(jì)以來有代表性的音樂作品,理解這些音樂作品的時(shí)代性和民族性。了解影視藝術(shù)產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展的歷程,認(rèn)識(shí)其對(duì)社會(huì)生活的影響。2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)新課標(biāo)、教材內(nèi)容、學(xué)生實(shí)際,確定教學(xué)目標(biāo)如下:(1)知識(shí)與能力:①列舉19世紀(jì)以來有代表性的音樂作品,理解這些音樂作品的時(shí)代性和民族性。
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過設(shè)疑、討論及學(xué)生的親身體驗(yàn)與教師的引導(dǎo),得到描述圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)快慢的兩個(gè)物理量,也就成功的打破了學(xué)生在認(rèn)識(shí)上的思維障礙,突破了物理概念教學(xué)的難點(diǎn)。在解決線速度和角速度的問題之后,我將引領(lǐng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)的概念以及勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中線速度、角速度的特點(diǎn)。并引出勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)中周期、轉(zhuǎn)速的知識(shí)。為了加深學(xué)生對(duì)線速度、角速度與半徑關(guān)系的認(rèn)識(shí),我設(shè)計(jì)了第三個(gè)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)活動(dòng):四名學(xué)生以我為圓心做圓周運(yùn)動(dòng),四名學(xué)生始終并列,這時(shí)里圈同學(xué)走動(dòng)不急不慢,而外圈同學(xué)則要小跑。通過學(xué)生的活動(dòng),不難發(fā)現(xiàn)在角速度相同的情況下,半徑越大的線速度也越大。定性的得到了線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。接下來讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)知識(shí)推導(dǎo)線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。設(shè)計(jì)意圖:這樣就通過設(shè)疑、學(xué)生猜想、體驗(yàn)、推導(dǎo)的方式得到了結(jié)論,突破了本節(jié)課的難點(diǎn)即線速度、角速度與半徑的關(guān)系。
1、漢武帝尊儒的措施:(1)政治方面:起用很多儒學(xué)家參與國(guó)家大政。他規(guī)定,地方定期選出孝子、廉吏當(dāng)中央任官,甚至還擢升平民、儒士為相。這明顯擴(kuò)大了官員的隊(duì)伍,提高了官員的文化素質(zhì),鞏固了封建統(tǒng)治基礎(chǔ),成為漢武帝文治武功的重要組成部分。也給后世封建王朝在用人方式方法上面提供了寶貴的借鑒和啟迪。(2)思想方面:采納董仲舒的建議,“罷黜百家 獨(dú)尊儒術(shù)”(3)教育方面:儒家經(jīng)典“五經(jīng)”為國(guó)家規(guī)定的教科書。興辦太學(xué)和設(shè)立地方學(xué)校進(jìn)行儒學(xué)教育。公元前136年,漢武帝正式規(guī)定《詩(shī)》、《書》、《禮》、《易》、《春秋》為“五經(jīng)”;前124年,又在長(zhǎng)安興辦太學(xué),規(guī)定太學(xué)生員為博士弟子,一律由儒家五經(jīng)博士負(fù)責(zé)教授,學(xué)完經(jīng)考試合格后即可到政府任官。這是封建國(guó)家利用政權(quán)的力量興辦教育、提倡儒學(xué),其必然對(duì)整個(gè)社會(huì)的教育事業(yè)有一定的導(dǎo)向作用。
(一)、教材地位:我說課的內(nèi)容是人教版高二歷史(必修3)第五單元《從“師夷長(zhǎng)技”到維新變法》。本課主要講述了鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后中國(guó)思想界發(fā)生的巨大變化,所講述內(nèi)容對(duì)中國(guó)近百年的歷史走向,對(duì)近代中國(guó)政治發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的影響是至關(guān)重要的,所以這節(jié)課在教材中具有重要的地位和作用,同時(shí)也是本冊(cè)書中的重要章節(jié)。(二)、課標(biāo)要求:《高中歷史新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》對(duì)這一節(jié)內(nèi)容作了這樣的要求:了解鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以后中國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)西方 尋求變革的思想歷程,理解維新變法思想在近代中國(guó)社會(huì)發(fā)展中所起的作用。(三)、教學(xué)目標(biāo):根據(jù)課標(biāo)要求、教材內(nèi)容和學(xué)生的具體情況,確立以下教學(xué)目標(biāo):1、知識(shí)與能力:(1)識(shí)記:林則徐被稱為“開演看世界的第一人”;魏源的“師夷長(zhǎng)技以制夷”思想;洋務(wù)派“師夷長(zhǎng)技以自強(qiáng)”思想;早期維新思想和90年代維新思想;
過度:誠(chéng)如牛頓所說 我之所以能夠取得今天的成就有很大原因是站在巨人的肩膀之上設(shè)問3:為什么這個(gè)時(shí)代選擇了達(dá)爾文來完成這一偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)呢?(達(dá)爾文的個(gè)人努力)補(bǔ)充材料:(1831年起,他隨“貝格爾號(hào)”考察艦進(jìn)行環(huán)球考察5年??疾旖Y(jié)束后,在整理考察資料和實(shí)物標(biāo)本的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的研究,于1859年出版了《物種起源》一書,確立了生物的進(jìn)化論說明達(dá)爾文的個(gè)人努力:學(xué)習(xí)、考察、學(xué)習(xí)、不迷信權(quán)威、勇于挑戰(zhàn)、不斷探索的精神,飽覽群書,挑戰(zhàn)和假設(shè)建立在大量的閱讀和觀察的基礎(chǔ)上,科學(xué)實(shí)證等等??梢哉f達(dá)爾文身上有那個(gè)時(shí)代的一個(gè)濃縮的特征,當(dāng)然他還有點(diǎn)運(yùn)氣,不過,機(jī)遇永遠(yuǎn)是為那些有準(zhǔn)備的人提供的。)探究:達(dá)爾文“進(jìn)化論”的影響思路引領(lǐng):科學(xué)理論發(fā)展的影響可以從哪些方面分析?(經(jīng)濟(jì)、科學(xué)理論本身、人文學(xué)科、社會(huì)影響(對(duì)宗教,社會(huì)),對(duì)其他國(guó)家的影響)設(shè)問:達(dá)爾文進(jìn)化論對(duì)1859年及以后的社會(huì)帶來了非常深遠(yuǎn)的影響。有哪些影響呢?①挑戰(zhàn)封建神學(xué)的神創(chuàng)世,促進(jìn)人類認(rèn)識(shí)的飛躍
師:建立社會(huì)主義思想道德體系,必須牢固樹立社會(huì)主義榮辱觀。在我們的社會(huì)主義社會(huì)里,是非、善惡、美丑的界限絕對(duì)不能混淆,堅(jiān)持什么、反對(duì)什么,倡導(dǎo)什么、抵制什么,都必須旗幟鮮明。我們堅(jiān)持以熱愛祖國(guó)為榮、以危害祖國(guó)為恥,以服務(wù)人民為榮、以背離人民為恥,以崇尚科學(xué)為榮、以愚昧無知為恥,以辛勤勞動(dòng)為榮、以好逸惡勞為恥,以團(tuán)結(jié)互助為榮、以損人利己為恥,以誠(chéng)實(shí)守信為榮、以見利忘義為恥,以遵紀(jì)守法為榮、以違法亂紀(jì)為恥,以艱苦奮斗為榮、以驕奢淫逸為恥。課堂小結(jié)通過本節(jié)課學(xué)習(xí),使我們認(rèn)識(shí)到中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義文化建設(shè)的中心環(huán)節(jié)是思想道德建設(shè),了解什么是社會(huì)主義思想道德,為什么要建設(shè)社會(huì)主義思想道德體系和怎樣建設(shè)社會(huì)主義思想道德體系,大力倡導(dǎo)“愛國(guó)守法、明禮誠(chéng)信、團(tuán)結(jié)友善、勤儉自強(qiáng)、敬業(yè)奉獻(xiàn)”的基本道德規(guī)范。我們要大力加強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義思想道德建設(shè),為社會(huì)主義各項(xiàng)事業(yè)的發(fā)展提供強(qiáng)大的精神動(dòng)力和方向保證。