2. 您能看到, 我頭發(fā)太長了。You can see that my hair is much too long.3. 無論什么時候, 只要您想回來就回來。Please come back whenever you want.4. 您僅有很少的頭發(fā)要理! You only have too little hair to cut !5. 為您服務(wù)是我的榮幸!It is my honour to serve you!Step 9 Writing(Henry is walking down the street when he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to have it cut. )H=Henry B=BarberH: Good afternoon, I’d like to have my hair cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry’s hair and continues cutting another man’s hair. ) Er, I’d really like a haircut. As you can see it’s much too long. B: (in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H: Fine, well, I’ll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber’s chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B: It’s quite expensive here, you know! Are you sure you can afford it?H: Yes. I think so. (After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B: Why Mr. . . (looks shocked)H: Adams. Henry Adams. I’m sorry. I don’t have any change. B: Please don’t worry! (wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about! Nothing at all! Please come back whenever you want, even if you only have too little hair to cut! It will be my honour to serve you!Step 10 Pair workExchange drafts with a partner. Use this checklist to help your partner revise his/her draft.1. Are all the elements of a play included and in good order ?2. Do the character use suitable language ?3. Are the stage directions clear and useful ?4. Is the plot clear and exciting enough ?
【參考范文】Narrator:(Henry is smiling as he leaves the restaurant. As he is walking down the street, he sees a sign for a place that cuts hair. He decides to get it cut. )H=Henry;B=Barber;R=rude manH:Good afternoon, I'd like to get a cut, if I may. (The barber looks at Henry's hair and continues cutting another man's hair. )Er, I'd really like a haircut. As you can see it's much too long. B:(in a rude manner) Yes, I can see that. Indeed, I can. H:Fine, well I'll have a seat then. (He sits in one of the barber's chairs. The barber turns to look at Henry. )B:It's quite expensive here, you know!Are you sure you can afford it?H:Yes. I think so. (In comes the rude man. )R:Hey you there. I need a haircut quickly. Can you do me straightaway?B:All right, then, get in the chair and I'll see what I can do. R:Thank you. (sits down in one of the barber's chairs)H:Excuse me, but I was here first. Aren't you going to do my hair first?B:This man's in a hurry. H:Well so am I!I insist that you cut my hair first. B:OK, but I'll have to be quick. This gentleman is waiting. H:Thank you. (They both become quiet. After his hair is cut, the barber tells Henry how much he must pay. Henry shows the barber the bank note. )B:Why, Mr . . . (looks shocked)H:Adams. Henry Adams. I'm sorry, I don't have any change. R:You're that Mr Adams! Well,I'm glad I waited or I might never have known it was you. B:Why, Mr Adams, please don't worry!(wearing a big smile) Nothing to worry about!Nothing at all!Please come back any time, even if you only need too little hairs cut!It will be my honour to serve you!
當(dāng)孩子們由父母陪同時,他們才被允許進入這個運動場。3.過去分詞(短語)作狀語時的幾種特殊情況(1)過去分詞(短語)在句中作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時,相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的時間、條件、原因及讓步狀語從句。Seen from the top of the mountain (=When it is seen from the top of the mountain), the whole town looks more beautiful.從山頂上看,整個城市看起來更美了。Given ten more minutes (=If we are given ten more minutes), we will finish the work perfectly.如果多給十分鐘,我們會完美地完成這項工作。Greatly touched by his words (=Because she was greatly touched by his words), she was full of tears.由于被他的話深深地感動,她滿眼淚花。Warned of the storm (=Though they were warned of the storm), the farmers were still working on the farm.盡管被警告了風(fēng)暴的到來,但農(nóng)民們?nèi)栽谵r(nóng)場干活。(2)過去分詞(短語)在句中作伴隨、方式等狀語時,可改為句子的并列謂語或改為并列分句。The teacher came into the room, followed by two students (=and was followed by two students).后面跟著兩個學(xué)生,老師走進了房間。He spent the whole afternoon, accompanied by his mom(=and was accompanied by his mom).他由母親陪著度過了一整個下午。
Step 5: After learning the text, discuss with your peers about the following questions:1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?3. Cholera is a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.keys:1. John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2. No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. SARS and Covid-19 because they are both deadly and fatally infectious, have an unknown cause and need serious public health care to solve them urgently.Step 6: Consolidate what you have learned by filling in the blanks:John Snow was a well-known _1___ in London in the _2__ century. He wanted to find the _3_____ of cholera in order to help people ___4_____ it. In 1854 when a cholera __5__ London, he began to gather information. He ___6__ on a map ___7___ all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had ___8____ (drink) the dirty water from the __9____ died. So he decided that the polluted water ___10____ cholera. He suggested that the ___11__ of all water supplies should be _12______ and new methods of dealing with ____13___ water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was __14_____.Keys: 1. doctor 2. 19th 3.cause 4.infected with 5.hit 6.marked 7.where 8.drunk 9.pump 10.carried 11.source 12.examined 13.polluted 14.defeatedHomework: Retell the text after class and preview its language points
The grammar of this unit is designed to review noun clauses. Sentences that use nouns in a sentence are called noun clauses. Nominal clauses can act as subject, object, predicate, appositive and other components in compound sentences. According to the above-mentioned different grammatical functions, nominal clauses are divided into subject clause, object clause, predicate clause and appositive clause. In this unit, we will review the three kinds of nominal clauses. Appositive clauses are not required to be mastered in the optional compulsory stage, so they are not involved.1. Guide the students to judge the compound sentences and determine the composition of the clauses in the sentence.2. Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.3. Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clause1.Instruct students to try to learn grammar by generalizing grammar rules, controlling written practice, and semi-open oral output.2.Inspire the students to systematize the function and usage of noun clauseStep1: The teacher ask studetns to find out more nominal clauses from the reading passage and udnerline the nominal clauses.
The newspaper reported more than 100 people had been killed in the thunderstorm.報紙報道說有一百多人在暴風(fēng)雨中喪生。(2)before、when、by the time、until、after、once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語是一般過去時,以及by、before后面接過去的時間時,主句動作發(fā)生在從句的動作或過去的時間之前且表示被動時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。By the time my brother was 10, he had been sent to Italy.我弟弟10歲前就已經(jīng)被送到意大利了。Tons of rice had been produced by the end of last month. 到上月底已生產(chǎn)了好幾噸大米。(3) It was the first/second/last ... time that ...句中that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。It was the first time that I had seen the night fact to face in one and a half years. 這是我一年半以來第一次親眼目睹夜晚的景色。(4)在虛擬語氣中,條件句表示與過去事實相反,且主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時,要用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。If I had been instructed by him earlier, I would have finished the task.如果我早一點得到他的指示,我早就完成這項任務(wù)了。If I had hurried, I wouldn't have missed the train.如果我快點的話,我就不會誤了火車。If you had been at the party, you would have met him. 如果你去了晚會,你就會見到他的。
You have no excuse for not going.你沒有理由不去。He was punished for not having finished his homework.他因未完成作業(yè)而受到懲罰。2.動詞ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動詞ing,即“sb./sb.'s+doing”構(gòu)成。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)實際上是給動詞ing形式加了一個邏輯主語。動詞ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有四種形式:①形容詞性物主代詞+動詞ing②名詞所有格+動詞ing③代詞賓格+動詞ing④名詞+動詞ingHer coming to help encouraged all of us.她來幫忙鼓舞了我們所有人。The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting.這個嬰兒被突然的關(guān)門聲吵醒了。Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home?你能想象他/杰克在家做飯的樣子嗎?無生命名詞無論是作主語還是作賓語都不能用第②種形式。Tom's winning first prize last year impressed me a lot.湯姆去年得了一等獎使我印象深刻。Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?你介意我/杰克現(xiàn)在離開嗎?Excuse me for my not coming on time.很抱歉我沒能按時來。His father's being ill made him worried.他父親病了,他很擔(dān)心。We are looking forward to the singer's/the singer to give us a concert.我們盼望著這位歌手來給我們舉辦一場演唱會。
《函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與最大(?。┲祡》系人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)必修第一冊第三章第二節(jié)的內(nèi)容,本節(jié)包括函數(shù)的單調(diào)性的定義與判斷及其證明、函數(shù)最大(?。┲档那蠓āT诔踔袑W(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)時,借助圖像的直觀性研究了一些函數(shù)的增減性,這節(jié)內(nèi)容是初中有關(guān)內(nèi)容的深化、延伸和提高函數(shù)的單調(diào)性是函數(shù)眾多性質(zhì)中的重要性質(zhì)之一,函數(shù)的單調(diào)性一節(jié)中的知識是前一節(jié)內(nèi)容函數(shù)的概念和圖像知識的延續(xù),它和后面的函數(shù)奇偶性,合稱為函數(shù)的簡單性質(zhì),是今后研究指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)及其他函數(shù)單調(diào)性的理論基礎(chǔ);在解決函數(shù)值域、定義域、不等式、比較兩數(shù)大小等具體問需用到函數(shù)的單調(diào)性;同時在這一節(jié)中利用函數(shù)圖象來研究函數(shù)性質(zhì)的救開結(jié)合思想將貫穿于我們整個高中數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)。
【例3】本例中“p是q的充分不必要條件”改為“p是q的必要不充分條件”,其他條件不變,試求m的取值范圍.【答案】見解析【解析】由x2-8x-20≤0得-2≤x≤10,由x2-2x+1-m2≤0(m>0)得1-m≤x≤1+m(m>0)因為p是q的必要不充分條件,所以q?p,且p?/q.則{x|1-m≤x≤1+m,m>0}?{x|-2≤x≤10}所以m>01-m≥-21+m≤10,解得0<m≤3.即m的取值范圍是(0,3].解題技巧:(利用充分、必要、充分必要條件的關(guān)系求參數(shù)范圍)(1)化簡p、q兩命題,(2)根據(jù)p與q的關(guān)系(充分、必要、充要條件)轉(zhuǎn)化為集合間的關(guān)系,(3)利用集合間的關(guān)系建立不等關(guān)系,(4)求解參數(shù)范圍.跟蹤訓(xùn)練三3.已知P={x|a-4<x<a+4},Q={x|1<x<3},“x∈P”是“x∈Q”的必要條件,求實數(shù)a的取值范圍.【答案】見解析【解析】因為“x∈P”是x∈Q的必要條件,所以Q?P.所以a-4≤1a+4≥3解得-1≤a≤5即a的取值范圍是[-1,5].五、課堂小結(jié)讓學(xué)生總結(jié)本節(jié)課所學(xué)主要知識及解題技巧
本課是高中數(shù)學(xué)第一章第4節(jié),充要條件是中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)中最重要的數(shù)學(xué)概念之一, 它主要討論了命題的條件與結(jié)論之間的邏輯關(guān)系,目的是為今后的數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)特別是數(shù)學(xué)推理的學(xué)習(xí)打下基礎(chǔ)。從學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的角度看,與舊教材相比,教學(xué)時間的前置,造成學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)充要條件這一概念時的知識儲備不夠豐富,邏輯思維能力的訓(xùn)練不夠充分,這也為教師的教學(xué)帶來一定的困難.“充要條件”這一節(jié)介紹了充分條件,必要條件和充要條件三個概念,由于這些概念比較抽象,中學(xué)生不易理解,用它們?nèi)ソ鉀Q具體問題則更為困難,因此”充要條件”的教學(xué)成為中學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)的難點之一,而必要條件的定義又是本節(jié)內(nèi)容的難點.A.正確理解充分不必要條件、必要不充分條件、充要條件的概念;B.會判斷命題的充分條件、必要條件、充要條件.C.通過學(xué)習(xí),使學(xué)生明白對條件的判定應(yīng)該歸結(jié)為判斷命題的真假.D.在觀察和思考中,在解題和證明題中,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思維能力的嚴(yán)密性品質(zhì).
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.3節(jié)《不同增長函數(shù)的差異》 是在學(xué)習(xí)了指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)和冪函數(shù)之后的對函數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)的一次梳理和總結(jié)。本節(jié)提出函數(shù)增長快慢的問題,通過函數(shù)圖像及三個函數(shù)的性質(zhì),完成函數(shù)增長快慢的認(rèn)識。既是對三種函數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)的總結(jié),也為后續(xù)導(dǎo)數(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)做了鋪墊。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1.了解指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)、冪函數(shù) (一次函數(shù)) 的增長差異.2、經(jīng)過探究對函數(shù)的圖像觀察,理解對數(shù)增長、直線上升、指數(shù)爆炸。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;3、在認(rèn)識函數(shù)增長差異的過程中,使學(xué)生學(xué)會認(rèn)識事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關(guān)系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用的意識,探索數(shù)學(xué)。 a.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:函數(shù)增長快慢的認(rèn)識;b.邏輯推理:由特殊到一般的推理;
《函數(shù)的單調(diào)性與最大(?。┲怠肥歉咧袛?shù)學(xué)新教材第一冊第三章第2節(jié)的內(nèi)容。在此之前,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了函數(shù)的概念、定義域、值域及表示法,這為過渡到本節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)起著鋪墊作用。學(xué)生在初中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、反比例函數(shù)的圖象,在此基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)生對增減性有一個初步的感性認(rèn)識,所以本節(jié)課是學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)思想的一次重要提高。函數(shù)單調(diào)性是函數(shù)概念的延續(xù)和拓展,又是后續(xù)研究指數(shù)函數(shù)、對數(shù)函數(shù)等內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ),對進一步研究閉區(qū)間上的連續(xù)函數(shù)最大值和最小值的求法和實際應(yīng)用,對解決各種數(shù)學(xué)問題有著廣泛作用。課程目標(biāo)1、理解增函數(shù)、減函數(shù) 的概念及函數(shù)單調(diào)性的定義;2、會根據(jù)單調(diào)定義證明函數(shù)單調(diào)性;3、理解函數(shù)的最大(?。┲导捌鋷缀我饬x;4、學(xué)會運用函數(shù)圖象理解和研究函數(shù)的性質(zhì).數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.1節(jié)《對數(shù)函數(shù)的概念》。對數(shù)函數(shù)是高中數(shù)學(xué)在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨特的美感。學(xué)習(xí)中讓學(xué)生體會在類比推理,感受圖像的變化,認(rèn)識變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學(xué)生直觀想象能力的一個重要的過程。為之后學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、理解對數(shù)函數(shù)的定義,會求對數(shù)函數(shù)的定義域;2、了解對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)之間的聯(lián)系,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;滲透類比等基本數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。3、在學(xué)習(xí)對數(shù)函數(shù)過程中,使學(xué)生學(xué)會認(rèn)識事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關(guān)系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)應(yīng)用的意識,感受數(shù)學(xué)、理解數(shù)學(xué)、探索數(shù)學(xué),提高學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣。
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.4.2節(jié)《對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì)》 是高中數(shù)學(xué)在指數(shù)函數(shù)之后的重要初等函數(shù)之一。對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)聯(lián)系密切,無論是研究的思想方法方法還是圖像及性質(zhì),都有其共通之處。相較于指數(shù)函數(shù),對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖象亦有其獨特的美感。在類比推理的過程中,感受圖像的變化,認(rèn)識變化的規(guī)律,這是提高學(xué)生直觀想象能力的一個重要的過程。為之后學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)提供了更多角度的分析方法。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生邏輯推理、數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、掌握對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì);能利用對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像與性質(zhì)來解決簡單問題;2、經(jīng)過探究對數(shù)函數(shù)的圖像和性質(zhì),對數(shù)函數(shù)與指數(shù)函數(shù)圖像之間的聯(lián)系,對數(shù)函數(shù)內(nèi)部的的聯(lián)系。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察問題、分析問題和歸納問題的思維能力以及數(shù)學(xué)交流能力;滲透類比等基本數(shù)學(xué)思想方法。
本節(jié)課選自《普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)學(xué)教科書-必修一》(人教A版)第三章《函數(shù)的概念與性質(zhì)》,本節(jié)課是第2課時,本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)函數(shù)的三種表示方法及其簡單應(yīng)用,進一步加深對函數(shù)概念的理解。課本從引進函數(shù)概念開始就比較注重函數(shù)的不同表示方法:解析法,圖象法,列表法.函數(shù)的不同表示方法能豐富對函數(shù)的認(rèn)識,幫助理解抽象的函數(shù)概念.特別是在信息技術(shù)環(huán)境下,可以使函數(shù)在形與數(shù)兩方面的結(jié)合得到更充分的表現(xiàn),使學(xué)生通過函數(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)更好地體會數(shù)形結(jié)合這種重要的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法.因此,在研究函數(shù)時,要充分發(fā)揮圖象的直觀作用.課程目標(biāo) 學(xué)科素養(yǎng)A.在實際情景中,會根據(jù)不同的需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ǎń馕鍪椒āD象法、列表法)表示函數(shù);B.了解簡單的分段函數(shù),并能簡單地應(yīng)用;1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:函數(shù)解析法及能由條件求函數(shù)的解析式;2.邏輯推理:求函數(shù)的解析式;
課本從引進函數(shù)概念開始就比較注重函數(shù)的不同表示方法:解析法,圖象法,列表法.函數(shù)的不同表示方法能豐富對函數(shù)的認(rèn)識,幫助理解抽象的函數(shù)概念.特別是在信息技術(shù)環(huán)境下,可以使函數(shù)在形與數(shù)兩方面的結(jié)合得到更充分的表現(xiàn),使學(xué)生通過函數(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)更好地體會數(shù)形結(jié)合這種重要的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法.因此,在研究函數(shù)時,要充分發(fā)揮圖象的直觀作用.在研究圖象時,又要注意代數(shù)刻畫以求思考和表述的精確性.課本將映射作為函數(shù)的一種推廣,這與傳統(tǒng)的處理方式有了邏輯順序上的變化.這樣處理,主要是想較好地銜接初中的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生將更多的精力集中理解函數(shù)的概念,同時,也體現(xiàn)了從特殊到一般的思維過程.課程目標(biāo)1、明確函數(shù)的三種表示方法;2、在實際情境中,會根據(jù)不同的需要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ū硎竞瘮?shù);3、通過具體實例,了解簡單的分段函數(shù),并能簡單應(yīng)用.
本節(jié)課是新版教材人教A版普通高中課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實驗教科書數(shù)學(xué)必修1第四章第4.5.1節(jié)《函數(shù)零點與方程的解》,由于學(xué)生已經(jīng)學(xué)過一元二次方程與二次函數(shù)的關(guān)系,本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容就是在此基礎(chǔ)上的推廣。從而建立一般的函數(shù)的零點概念,進一步理解零點判定定理及其應(yīng)用。培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)直觀、數(shù)學(xué)抽象、邏輯推理和數(shù)學(xué)建模的核心素養(yǎng)。1、了解函數(shù)(結(jié)合二次函數(shù))零點的概念;2、理 解函數(shù)零點與方程的根以及函數(shù)圖象與x軸交點的關(guān)系,掌握零點存在性定理的運用;3、在認(rèn)識函數(shù)零點的過程中,使學(xué)生學(xué)會認(rèn)識事物的特殊性與一般性之間的關(guān)系,培養(yǎng)數(shù)學(xué)數(shù)形結(jié)合及函數(shù)思想; a.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:函數(shù)零點的概念;b.邏輯推理:零點判定定理;c.數(shù)學(xué)運算:運用零點判定定理確定零點范圍;d.直觀想象:運用圖形判定零點;e.數(shù)學(xué)建模:運用函數(shù)的觀點方程的根;
客觀世界中的各種各樣的運動變化現(xiàn)象均可表現(xiàn)為變量間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,這種關(guān)系常??捎煤瘮?shù)模型來描述,并且通過研究函數(shù)模型就可以把我相應(yīng)的運動變化規(guī)律.課程目標(biāo)1、能夠找出簡單實際問題中的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,初步體會應(yīng)用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型解決實際問題; 2、感受運用函數(shù)概念建立模型的過程和方法,體會一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型在數(shù)學(xué)和其他學(xué)科中的重要性. 數(shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:總結(jié)函數(shù)模型; 2.邏輯推理:找出簡單實際問題中的函數(shù)關(guān)系式,根據(jù)題干信息寫出分段函數(shù); 3.數(shù)學(xué)運算:結(jié)合函數(shù)圖象或其單調(diào)性來求最值. ; 4.數(shù)據(jù)分析:二次函數(shù)通過對稱軸和定義域區(qū)間求最優(yōu)問題; 5.數(shù)學(xué)建模:在具體問題情境中,運用數(shù)形結(jié)合思想,將自然語言用數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式表示出來。 重點:運用一次函數(shù)、二次函數(shù)、冪函數(shù)、分段函數(shù)模型的處理實際問題;難點:運用函數(shù)思想理解和處理現(xiàn)實生活和社會中的簡單問題.
本章通過學(xué)習(xí)用二分法求方程近似解的的方法,使學(xué)生體會函數(shù)與方程之間的關(guān)系,通過一些函數(shù)模型的實例,讓學(xué)生感受建立函數(shù)模型的過程和方法,體會函數(shù)在數(shù)學(xué)和其他學(xué)科中的廣泛應(yīng)用,進一步認(rèn)識到函數(shù)是描述客觀世界變化規(guī)律的基本數(shù)學(xué)模型,能初步運用函數(shù)思想解決一些生活中的簡單問題。1.了解函數(shù)的零點、方程的根與圖象交點三者之間的聯(lián)系.2.會借助零點存在性定理判斷函數(shù)的零點所在的大致區(qū)間.3.能借助函數(shù)單調(diào)性及圖象判斷零點個數(shù).?dāng)?shù)學(xué)學(xué)科素養(yǎng)1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:函數(shù)零點的概念;2.邏輯推理:借助圖像判斷零點個數(shù);3.數(shù)學(xué)運算:求函數(shù)零點或零點所在區(qū)間;4.數(shù)學(xué)建模:通過由抽象到具體,由具體到一般的思想總結(jié)函數(shù)零點概念.重點:零點的概念,及零點與方程根的聯(lián)系;難點:零點的概念的形成.
本節(jié)是新人教A版高中數(shù)學(xué)必修1第1章第1節(jié)第3部分的內(nèi)容。在此之前,學(xué)生已學(xué)習(xí)了集合的含義以及集合與集合之間的基本關(guān)系,這為學(xué)習(xí)本節(jié)內(nèi)容打下了基礎(chǔ)。本節(jié)內(nèi)容主要介紹集合的基本運算一并集、交集、補集。是對集合基木知識的深入研究。在此,通過適當(dāng)?shù)膯栴}情境,使學(xué)生感受、認(rèn)識并掌握集合的三種基本運算。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是函數(shù)、方程、不等式的基礎(chǔ),在教材中起著承上啟下的作用。本節(jié)內(nèi)容是高中數(shù)學(xué)的主要內(nèi)容,也是高考的對象,在實踐中應(yīng)用廣泛,是高中學(xué)生必須掌握的重點。A.理解兩個集合的并集與交集的含義,會求簡單集合的交、并運算;B.理解補集的含義,會求給定子集的補集;C.能使用 圖表示集合的關(guān)系及運算。 1.數(shù)學(xué)抽象:集合交集、并集、補集的含義;2.數(shù)學(xué)運算:集合的運算;3.直觀想象:用 圖、數(shù)軸表示集合的關(guān)系及運算。
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