二、相對論的創(chuàng)立【課件】展示下列材料艾伯特·愛因斯坦(1879——1955),1879年3月14日誕生在德國烏爾姆的一個(gè)猶太人家中。1894年舉家遷居意大利米蘭。1900年畢業(yè)于瑞士蘇黎世工業(yè)大學(xué)。愛因斯坦被認(rèn)為是最富于創(chuàng)造力的科學(xué)家,他不但創(chuàng)立了相對論,還提出了光量子的概念,得出了光電效應(yīng)的基本定律,并揭示了光的波粒二重性本質(zhì),為量子力學(xué)的建立奠定基礎(chǔ)。為此榮獲1921年度的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。同時(shí),他還證明了熱的分子運(yùn)動論,提出了測定分子大小的新方法。【問題】19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初愛因斯坦對物理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)是什么?意義是什么?為什么會出現(xiàn)?1、背景:經(jīng)典物理學(xué)的危機(jī)。19世紀(jì)末三大發(fā)現(xiàn):x射線、放射性和電子,經(jīng)典力學(xué)無法解釋研究中的新問題,如:黑體輻射、光電效應(yīng)等。2、相對論的提出及主要內(nèi)容:(1)“狹義相對論”和光速不變原理:1905年提出。
什么因素可以阻止種群間基因交流呢?由此可引出隔離的概念。學(xué)生初步理解隔離的概念之后,可以安排學(xué)生討論隔離的各種可能的方式,教師歸納出隔離的類型。然后組織學(xué)生閱讀分析教材中的“資料分析”,組織討論“資料分析”中提出的幾個(gè)問題。最后教師應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào),一般情況下,地理隔離是生殖隔離的先決條件,生殖隔離一旦形成,原來屬于一個(gè)物種的兩個(gè)種群,就成了兩個(gè)物種。關(guān)于“共同進(jìn)化與生物多樣性的形成”內(nèi)容的教學(xué),可以學(xué)生自學(xué)為基礎(chǔ),教師提出一些具有啟發(fā)性的問題,師生共同歸納總結(jié)的方式推進(jìn)教學(xué)過程。使學(xué)生理解共同進(jìn)化的含義,無機(jī)環(huán)境的變化、無機(jī)環(huán)境的復(fù)雜化和多樣化、有性生殖的出現(xiàn)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜化和多樣化對生物多樣性形成的作用。最后,組織學(xué)生討論生物進(jìn)化理論在發(fā)展。
一,說教材1. 教材的地位和作用本章課程的核心是介紹現(xiàn)代生物進(jìn)化理論.生物進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展和其他科學(xué)理論的發(fā)展一樣,不是簡單的新理論對舊理論的否定和排斥,而是新理論對舊理論的修正,深入和擴(kuò)展.從拉馬克的進(jìn)化學(xué)說到達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說,以及現(xiàn)代進(jìn)化理論的由來,大體都走過了這樣的軌跡.這些應(yīng)該成為處理本節(jié)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的基本脈絡(luò).本節(jié)內(nèi)容包括:拉馬克的進(jìn)化學(xué)說,達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說和達(dá)爾文以后生物進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展,其中重點(diǎn)是達(dá)爾文的自然選擇學(xué)說.生物進(jìn)化論不僅是生物學(xué)中具有重要地位的基礎(chǔ)理論,也是對人們的自然觀和世界觀有著重要影響的理論.學(xué)生通過本章內(nèi)容的學(xué)習(xí),不僅可以了解生物進(jìn)化理論在達(dá)爾文之后的發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步樹立生物進(jìn)化的觀點(diǎn)和辯證唯物主義觀點(diǎn),而且能夠通過學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)化理論的發(fā)展過程,加深對科學(xué)本質(zhì)的理解和感悟.
設(shè)疑自探:一個(gè)壓縮或拉伸的彈簧就是一個(gè)“儲能器”,怎樣衡量形變彈簧蘊(yùn)含能量的多少呢?彈簧的彈性勢能的表達(dá)式可能與那幾個(gè)物理量有關(guān)?類比:物體的重力勢能與物體所受的重力和高度有關(guān)。那么彈簧的彈性勢能可能與所受彈力的大小和在彈力方向上的位置變化有關(guān),而由F=kl知彈簧所受彈力等于彈簧的勁度系數(shù)與形變量的乘積。預(yù)測:彈簧的彈性勢能與彈簧的勁度系數(shù)和形變量有關(guān)。學(xué)生討論如何設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn): ①、用同一根彈簧在幾次被壓縮量不同時(shí)釋放(勁度系數(shù)相同,改變形變量),觀察小車被彈開的情況。②、分別用兩根彈簧在被壓縮量相同時(shí)釋放(形變量相同,勁度系數(shù)不同),觀察小車被彈開的情況。交流探究結(jié)果:彈性勢能隨彈簧形變量增大而增大。隨彈簧的勁度系數(shù)的增大而增大。
一、教材分析行星的運(yùn)動選自人教版普通高中物理必修2第六章第1節(jié)。本節(jié)教學(xué)既是前面《運(yùn)動的描述》和《曲線運(yùn)動》內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步的延伸和拓展,又能為后面學(xué)習(xí)萬有引力定律做鋪墊。在本章中占有較為重要的地位,具有承前啟后的作用。同時(shí)該節(jié)內(nèi)容也涉及大量物理史實(shí)、貼近學(xué)生生活和聯(lián)系社會實(shí)際的事實(shí),可進(jìn)一步培育學(xué)生的科學(xué)情感、精神和發(fā)展觀。(一)教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1.知識與技能(1)知道地心說和日心說的基本內(nèi)容。(2.)掌握理解開普勒三大定律的內(nèi)容,并能應(yīng)用。(3)理解人們對行星運(yùn)動的認(rèn)識過程是漫長復(fù)雜的,真理是來之不易的。2.過程與方法通過托勒密、哥白尼、第谷·布拉赫、開普勒等幾位科學(xué)家對行星運(yùn)動的不同認(rèn)識,了解人類認(rèn)識事物本質(zhì)的曲折性并加深對行星運(yùn)動的理解。3.情感、態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀(1)澄清對天體運(yùn)動神秘、模糊的認(rèn)識,掌握人類認(rèn)識自然規(guī)律的科學(xué)方法。(2)感悟科學(xué)是人類進(jìn)步不竭的動力。
四、做一做(實(shí)踐)1、用牙簽和橡皮泥制作球體和一些柱體和錐體,看哪些同學(xué)做得比較標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。2、使出事先準(zhǔn)備好的等邊三角形紙片,試將它折成一個(gè)正四面體。五、試一試(探索)課前,發(fā)給學(xué)生閱讀材料《晶體--自然界的多面體》,讓學(xué)生通過閱讀了解什么是正多面體,正多面體是柏拉圖約在公元400年獨(dú)立發(fā)現(xiàn)的,在這之前,埃及人已經(jīng)用于建筑(埃及金字塔),以此激勵(lì)學(xué)生探索的欲望。教師出示實(shí)物模型:正四面體、正方體、正八面體、正十二面體、正二十面體1、以正四面體為例,說出它的頂點(diǎn)數(shù)、棱數(shù)和面數(shù)。2、再讓學(xué)生觀察、討論其它正多面體的頂點(diǎn)數(shù)、棱數(shù)和面數(shù)。將結(jié)果記入書上的P128的表格。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)論。3、(延伸):若隨意做一個(gè)多面體,看看是否還是那個(gè)結(jié)果。
人教版新課標(biāo)教材必修一的“表達(dá)交流”部分,有一個(gè)專題是“人性的光輝——寫人要凸顯個(gè)性”。其中的“寫法借鑒”部分列舉了兩則人物描寫實(shí)例,并歸納出人物描寫的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)。其訓(xùn)練的思路和方法是很明顯的,但所列舉的人物描寫的實(shí)例卻不夠典型。而必修一第三單元正好是學(xué)習(xí)寫人記事散文,其中的兩篇自讀課文《記梁任公先生的一次演講》《金岳霖先生》又是寫人記事非常典型的文章,故而我嘗試將這兩篇文章作為實(shí)例和。寫人要凸顯個(gè)性。寫作指導(dǎo)結(jié)合起來教學(xué)。這樣設(shè)計(jì)還有一個(gè)目的,那就是解決課程改革中教學(xué)內(nèi)容多而課時(shí)緊張的矛盾,提高課堂教學(xué)效率。師:今天,我們一起來學(xué)習(xí)“寫人要凸顯個(gè)性”。這兩堂課分四個(gè)步驟來完成:一、先學(xué)習(xí)教材中關(guān)于寫人方法的介紹,約15分鐘;二、快速閱讀第三單元的《記梁任公先生的一次演講》和《金岳霖先生》兩篇文章,具體感受其寫人的方法,約30分鐘;
四.設(shè)計(jì)反思我在設(shè)計(jì)本課時(shí),希望通過情境的創(chuàng)設(shè)充分再現(xiàn)歷史,并利用多媒體輔助教學(xué),破重點(diǎn)、化難點(diǎn),讓學(xué)生主動參與到學(xué)習(xí)過程中,從而突破狹小的教室空間,讓學(xué)生真正做到感知?dú)v史,立足現(xiàn)實(shí),展望未來。自主,交流、合作、探究是課程改革中著力倡導(dǎo)的新型學(xué)習(xí)方式。課堂教學(xué)中如何開展小組合作的探究學(xué)習(xí)存在著很多困難,首先是課堂教學(xué)時(shí)間有限,如何體現(xiàn)面向全體,給每個(gè)學(xué)生以機(jī)會?再次,歷史問題的討論只能依托于史料才能使討論不淪為空談,課堂上通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供大量的史料(文字、圖片或其他),勢必不能有充分時(shí)間讓學(xué)生閱讀分析。如何解決這些問題呢?措施一:要形成較固定的歷史學(xué)習(xí)合作小組。選定一位同學(xué)擔(dān)任組長,負(fù)責(zé)協(xié)調(diào)措施二:要設(shè)置有利于學(xué)生探究的問題情境措施三:要把課堂教學(xué)與課外學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合起來。在課前就印發(fā)相關(guān)的材料,或引導(dǎo)學(xué)生去查閱相關(guān)的資料,讓學(xué)生有個(gè)充分的閱讀、思考、交流的時(shí)間,是保證課堂上小組交流能成功實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)前提
The topic of this part is “Discover the reasons for festivals and celebrations.The Listening & Speaking & Talking part aims at talking about the experiences and feelings or emotions about the festivals and celebrations. This section aims at detecting the reason why the people celebrate the festivals, the time, the places, the types and the way of celebrations. It also explains why some traditions in the old celebrations are disappearing, like the firecrackers in the big cities and some new things are appearing like the prosperity of business or commerce. 1. Students can talk about what festivals they know and the reasons and the way of celebrating them.2. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.3. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them. 4. Students can have the international awareness about the festivals.1. Students should learn the reading skills such as the headline and get the topic sentences, the structures of articles.2. Students can understand the past, the present situation of some festival around the world and why there are some changes about them.Step 1 Lead in---Small talkWhat festival do you like best ? Why ?I like the Spring Festivals because I can set off the fireworks, receive the lucky money and enjoy the Gala with my families.Step 2 Before reading---Pair workWhy do people celebrate different festivals ?The Spring Festivals is to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring and new life.The Mid-autumn Day is to celebrate the harvest and admire the moon.
The theme of this section is “Talk about festival activities and festival experiences”.Festival and holiday is a relaxing and interesting topic for students. This part talks about the topic from the daily life of students’. In the part A ---Listening and Speaking, there are three conversations among different speakers from three countries(Japan, Rio and China), where the speakers are participating in or going to participate in the festivals and celebrations. So listening for the relationship among them is a fundamental task. Actually, with the globalization and more international communication, it is normal for Chinese or foreigners to witness different festivals and celebrations in or out of China. In the Conversation 1, a foreign reporter is interviewing a Japanese young girl who just had participated in the ceremony of the Coming-of-Age Day on the street and asking her feeling about the ceremony and the afterwards activities. Conversation 2, Chinese girl Li Mei is witnessing the Rio Carnival for the first time, and her friend Carla gives her some advice on the costumes which enables her to match with the carnival to have a good time. Conversation 3, a Chinese guide is showing a group of foreign visitors around the Lantern Festival and introducing the customs of the festival to them. The three conversations have a strong vitality and insert the festival and cultural elements from different countries. So perceiving the festivals and cultures from different countries is the second task. At the same time, the scripts also insert the targeted grammar --- v-ing as attributive and predicative, which students can perceive and experience in a real context and make a road for the further study. That is the third task. In the Part B--- Listening and Talking, the theme is “Talk about festival experience”, which is the common topic in our daily conversations. During the conversation, Song Lin, a Chinese student, asked Canadian friend Max about how to spend Christmas. In the conversation, Song Lin talked about experience and the feelings during the Chinese Spring Festival, during which there are not only some enjoyable things but some unpleasant things. After the listening, perhaps students find there are some similarities between Christmas and the Chinese Spring Festival as there are some differences in the origins and celebrations. For example, people always visit friends and relatives, decorate their houses, have a big dinner together, chat and give presents to each other.
Step 3 Analyzing article structureActivity 31. Teachers raise questions to guide students to analyze the chapter structure of this diary and think about how to describe the festival experience. (1)What should be included in the opening/body/closing paragraph(s)?(2)How did the writer arrange his/her ideas?(3)What kind of interesting details did the writer describe?(4)How did the writer describe his/her feelings/emotions during the event?2. Students read and compare the three sentence patterns in activity 2. Try to rewrite the first paragraph of the diary with these three sentence patterns. After that, students exchange corrections with their partners. Such as:●This was my first time spending three days experiencing the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and it was an enjoyable and exciting experience. ●I'll never forget my experience at the Naadam Festival because it was my first time to watch the exciting Mongolian games of horse racing, wrestling, and archery so closely. ●I'll always remember my first experience at the Naadam Festival in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region because it was so amazing to spend three days witnessing a grand Mongolian ceremony. Step 4 Accumulation of statementsActivity 41. Ask the students to read the diary again. Look for sentences that express feelings and emotions, especially those with the -ing form and the past participle. Such as:● …h(huán)orse racing, wrestling, and archery, which are all so exciting to watch. ● some amazing performances● I was surprised to see…● I was a little worried about. . . ● feeling really tiredOther emotional statements:●I absolutely enjoyed the archery, too, but the horse races were my favourite part. ●I'm finally back home now, feeling really tired, but celebrating Naadam with my friend was totally worth it. ●He invited me back for the winter to stay in a traditional Mongolian tent and cat hot pot. I can’t wait!2. In addition to the use of the -ing form and the past participle, the teacher should guide the students in the appreciation of these statements, ask them to memorize them, and encourage them to use them reasonably in writing practice.
4.That was an experience that frightened everyone. →That was _____________________. 答案:1. taking 2. being discussed 3. in the reading room 4. a frightening experienceStep 6 The meaning and function of V-ing as the predicative動詞-ing形式作表語,它通常位于系動詞后面,用以說明主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”一種表示主語的特質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài), 其作用相當(dāng)于形容詞; 另一種具體說明主語的內(nèi)容, 即主語等同于表語, 兩者可互換。The music they are playing sounds so exciting. 他們演奏的音樂聽起來令人激動。The result is disappointing. 結(jié)果令人失望。Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我們的工作就是演奏各種音樂。Seeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。Step 7 Practice1. It is ________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.2. Buying a car is simply _______(waste) money. 3. Please stop making the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy). 4. complete the passage with the appropriate -ing form.La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Bunol every August. I think many food festivals are __________ because people are just eating. however, this festival is _________ because people don't actually eat the tomatoes. Instead, they throw them at each other! the number of people ________ part in this tomato fight, can reach up to 20,000, and it is a very __________ fight that lasts for a whole hour. The _______ thing is how clean Bunol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight. this is because the juice form tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean!答案:1. amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying4. boring interesting taking exciting amazing
The topic of this part is “Write about your festival experience”.During the Listening and Speaking and Talking, students are just asked to say out their festival experiences such as the Spring Festival, Mid-autumn Day, but this part students will be asked to write down their own festival experiences. During the reading part, it introduces the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which can give students a good example to imitate. Students not only learn the festival, but touch and feel the Inner Mongolian’s character, the spirit and cultural atmosphere, which can help students form the cultural awareness and learn to enjoy and value the diversity of Chinese culture.Concretely, the dairy tells the experience that the author spent the Naadam Festival in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region with his/her friend. The structure is clear. In the opening paragraph, it introduces the topic of the Naadam Festival and the whole feeling. Then it introduces the items of the festival like the ceremony, wrestling and horse racing. Finally, it summarizes this experience. Because this part is a travel journal, we must guide students pay more attention to these details: 1. use the first person. 2. use the past tense to tell the past thing and use the present or future tense to describe the scenery. 3. use the timeline to tell the development. 4. be careful for the author’s psychology, emotion and feeling, etc.1. Read quickly to get main idea; read carefully to get the detailed information about Naadam Festival.2. Learn the structure of the reading article and language.3. Write an article about a festival experience4. Learn to use the psychology, emotions and feeling in the writing.1. Write an article about a festival experience.2. Use the structure of the reading article and language.
2、教學(xué)目標(biāo)根據(jù)我對教材的理解、結(jié)合學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況、滲透新課程的教學(xué)理念,為提高全體學(xué)生的科學(xué)素養(yǎng),按課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以促進(jìn)全體學(xué)生發(fā)展為目的。從知識與技能、過程與方法,情感態(tài)度與價(jià)值觀三個(gè)方向培養(yǎng)學(xué)生,擬定三個(gè)教學(xué)目標(biāo):知識與技能:(1)知道什么是動能。(2)正確理解和運(yùn)用動能公式分析、解答有關(guān)問題。(3)掌握外力對物體所做的總功的計(jì)算,理解“代數(shù)和”的含義。(4)理解和運(yùn)用動能定理。過程與方法:通過演繹推理過程,培養(yǎng)科學(xué)研究興趣,領(lǐng)略物理學(xué)中所蘊(yùn)含的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)倪壿嬯P(guān)系。情感、態(tài)度、價(jià)值觀:通過運(yùn)用動能定理分析解決問題,感受成功的喜悅,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對科學(xué)研究的興趣。3、教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn):理解動能定理、應(yīng)用動能定理解決力學(xué)問題。難點(diǎn):應(yīng)用動能定理解決多個(gè)過程的力學(xué)問題,以及變力做功或曲線運(yùn)動中的動能定理運(yùn)用。
一、教學(xué)理論依據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)理念以新課程理念和新課標(biāo)為指針,依據(jù)建構(gòu)主義理論、學(xué)科探究理論和多元智力理論,采用探究式的教學(xué)模式來組織實(shí)施本節(jié)課的教學(xué)。學(xué)生成為課堂的主體和知識的主動構(gòu)建者。通過創(chuàng)設(shè)多種情境,讓學(xué)生積極參與、體驗(yàn)、感悟,主動獲得新知,并逐步提高學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題和解決問題的能力。教師從課堂的主宰變?yōu)檎n堂的主導(dǎo),是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)活動的組織者、引導(dǎo)者和合作者。教學(xué)過程是一個(gè)發(fā)散式的學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)的過程。采用自主、合作、探究式的教學(xué)方式,讓學(xué)生有多元選擇,激發(fā)他們的潛能,發(fā)展他們的個(gè)性。二、教材分析1.教材的地位與作用:本框題是《生活與哲學(xué)》第二單元《探索世界與追求真理》第六課“求索真理的歷程”的第二節(jié)內(nèi)容。本單元的核心問題是如何看待我們周圍的世界,該問題也是《生活與哲學(xué)》整本書的核心問題之一。
二、說學(xué)生本屆高一學(xué)生經(jīng)過了三年初中課改,在心理上,他們渴望表現(xiàn)的欲望和自主探究的欲望比較強(qiáng)烈,對有興趣的知識表現(xiàn)出高度地?zé)崆?,并具有一定的團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作能力,但還是應(yīng)該正視一個(gè)并不樂觀的現(xiàn)實(shí)——在寫作方面,學(xué)生知識還停留在簡單的記敘及表達(dá)方式綜合運(yùn)用上,至于巧妙構(gòu)思、謀篇布局很是空白。即便已經(jīng)經(jīng)過高中一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí),但還是有大部分學(xué)生依然基礎(chǔ)較為薄弱,甚至出現(xiàn)不知從何下筆的現(xiàn)象。三、說教法與學(xué)法“老師搭臺,學(xué)生唱戲”1、教法:本課將安排兩課時(shí)(一課時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)一課時(shí)練筆),采用 PPT 多媒體課件教學(xué),嘗試用角色扮演法、圖片展示法和多媒體教學(xué)等方法,教學(xué)中應(yīng)該重視學(xué)生的參與性和探究性。2、學(xué)法:學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用多角度創(chuàng)設(shè)的學(xué)習(xí)情境來激發(fā)自身學(xué)習(xí)的興趣和熱情,分組討論,小組互助等形式讓學(xué)生積極自主參與、進(jìn)行問題探究學(xué)習(xí)。理論依據(jù):建構(gòu)主義理論“學(xué)生是學(xué)習(xí)的中心”的闡釋,教師應(yīng)該做學(xué)生主動建構(gòu)意義的幫助者、促進(jìn)者。
當(dāng)代社會生活的變化比以往任何時(shí)代都要快。語言尤其是詞匯記錄了這些發(fā)展變化,因而也涌現(xiàn)了大量的新詞新語。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),近幾年每年大約要出現(xiàn)1000個(gè)左右的新詞新語,而字典、詞典的多次修訂、增補(bǔ)就反映了這種情況。但相對來說,也有一些流行語又逐漸受到冷遇,甚至退隱。為了更好的對新詞新語與流行文化作一番檢視與探究,那讓我們考察一下它們是怎么產(chǎn)生的吧?老師先給同學(xué)們列舉四種途徑:大屏幕3。同學(xué)們能再舉出以上途徑的一些例子嗎?老師列舉(4)其實(shí)不只這些,那還有哪些途徑呢?找同學(xué)說并舉例。說的非常好,請同學(xué)們看老師的例子,總結(jié)(5)。從新詞新語的產(chǎn)生途徑可以看出,這些鮮活得像畫一樣的新詞就是這個(gè)時(shí)代跳動的血小板,它涉及當(dāng)代社會的重大事件、現(xiàn)象與時(shí)弊,以及人們?nèi)粘I畹母鱾€(gè)層面如人生意義、生活方式、愛情、友情、就業(yè)、消費(fèi)、時(shí)尚等,時(shí)代性強(qiáng),傳播面廣,反映著當(dāng)代社會時(shí)局與人們文化心態(tài)的變化。
在學(xué)習(xí)語文經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流會上,季老師舉著我的《采花釀蜜集》,對大家說:“人日積月累辛勤采擷,終于釀出了知識的瓊漿。大家都應(yīng)這樣,爭做知識的富戶??!”老師有點(diǎn)激動,低低地爬在鼻梁上的眼鏡突然滑了下來,正好落在那集子上。大家笑了,季老師也笑了。就這樣,我的寫作有了進(jìn)步,好幾篇作文登上了班級《學(xué)作園地》。從此,我愛上了語文,更深深地愛上了季老師。高中升學(xué)考前那個(gè)星期天的夜晚,季老師舊病復(fù)發(fā),累倒了。半夜,老師們把他送進(jìn)了公社衛(wèi)生院。第二天,同學(xué)們都悄悄去衛(wèi)生院看望。我去的時(shí)候,季老師正在掛滴流??墒?,下午季老師又出現(xiàn)在講臺上,他臉色憔悴,聲音沙啞……我手捧《采花釀蜜集》走近季老師,思緒的溪水從遠(yuǎn)方流了回來。“季老師”,我把本子捧給老師,深情地叫了聲。季老師接過本子,仔細(xì)翻閱著,臉上露出了笑容,像是聞到了郁郁芳香的蜜汁似的。“進(jìn)步不小呀!”季老師說著,又在本子扉頁上題了
(4)評價(jià)民主通過對雅典公民享有充分的言論自由的介紹及展示伯利克里的講話、陶片放逐法,使學(xué)生認(rèn)識到,雅典的民主在統(tǒng)治階級內(nèi)部已經(jīng)達(dá)到了非常高的層次,并促進(jìn)了希臘人完整人格的形成。通過伯利克里講話、圖片、文字分別講述希臘人重責(zé)任感、渴求知識的民族性格,并請學(xué)生朗讀有關(guān)雅典人生活的有關(guān)文字,讓學(xué)生在閱讀中感情逐漸升溫,引發(fā)學(xué)生對民主的充分認(rèn)同及對雅典人重精神生活的無限神往。問題設(shè)置:讓學(xué)生思考雅典民主政治對后世西方政治制度的重大影響。同時(shí)指出“民主是不可抗拒的歷史潮流!”讓學(xué)生在原有知識的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)識民主政治的必然性。用書中的兩段材料分析希臘民主政治的特征和實(shí)質(zhì),分析其影響。4.課堂小結(jié)對本課內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概括性的總結(jié)5.知能訓(xùn)練,運(yùn)用遷移體現(xiàn)一定的層次性,滿足不同層次學(xué)生的要求。6.布置作業(yè)撰寫歷史論文首先布置論文范圍、主題;其次進(jìn)行舉例;最后提供相關(guān)查閱資料的網(wǎng)址。
4、課堂討論:社會主義的根本原則是共同富裕,這也是正確處理分配關(guān)系的目標(biāo)。而十五大報(bào)告卻進(jìn)一步明確指出“允許和鼓勵(lì)一部分人通過誠實(shí)勞動和合法經(jīng)營先富起來,允許和鼓勵(lì)資本、技術(shù)等生產(chǎn)要素參與收益分配”。這矛盾嗎?為什么?以小組方式進(jìn)行討論,再以代表的形式發(fā)表意見,這樣既調(diào)動了學(xué)生的積極性,也使學(xué)生對內(nèi)容有了更深層次的了解。最后老師加以總結(jié),用“蛋糕效應(yīng)”來闡述“效率優(yōu)先,兼顧公平”的關(guān)系,既形象又貼切,加深學(xué)生的理解。本課時(shí)內(nèi)容比較抽象,學(xué)生對于概念的理解有較大的難度。因此在教學(xué)中我采用多媒體課件教學(xué),聯(lián)系生活實(shí)際,讓學(xué)生在生活中去體會貨幣的職責(zé),區(qū)分貨幣的職能,以便達(dá)到學(xué)以致用的目的。同時(shí)適時(shí)設(shè)置疑問,讓學(xué)生與我共同思考,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)“師生互動,生生互動”,調(diào)動學(xué)生積極,主動的參與到教學(xué)實(shí)踐活動中。(三)課堂小結(jié),強(qiáng)化認(rèn)識。(2—3分鐘)通過歸納小結(jié),既強(qiáng)調(diào)了重點(diǎn),又鞏固了本節(jié)知識,幫助學(xué)生形成知識網(wǎng)絡(luò),便于課后理解記憶。